2020年全国高考英语《语法填空》专项复习课件(共53ppt).pptx

20202020年年全国高考全国高考英语语法英语语法填空填空 专题复习专题复习考纲解读考纲解读一篇一篇200字左右的短文或字左右的短文或对话对话, ,话题贴近话题贴近学生生活。学生生活。能力考查：能力考查： 理解语篇、句子结构、理解语篇、句子结构、 运用语法、单词短语运用语法、单词短语空格类型空格类型有提示词有提示词无提示词无提示词2014-2016全国卷语法填空知识点分布2014一卷一卷2014二卷二卷2015一卷一卷2015二卷二卷2016一卷一卷2016二卷二卷2016三卷三卷名词changespaintingsabilityattractiondaysachievementstudiesdevelopment形容词cleaner amazingpatientdisappointednaturalgreater副词actuallysuddenlybeforeregularlyslowlyofficiallyregularlygradually时态语态主谓一致wascaughtarrivedisgoeswaswas allowed allowedisbe madewere非谓语to reducebeing/to stop/ridingconductedlivingbuilt/usingto coolpermittedintroducingto bringto createusing代词meitsits冠词thethethea介词tobyattoonwith连词orandand从句that定语that定语How宾语When定语when状语Who定语短语搭配as as特殊句式Did疑问make祈使2017一卷一卷2017二卷二卷2017三卷三卷2018一卷一卷2018二卷二卷2018三卷三卷名词effectscrowdsintroductioneducationinvitationscausespollutionscientist形容词worsecarefulsuccessfullonger/energeticgloballoudest副词fairlycertainlyactually时态语态主谓一致are removediswere usedmanagedwas toldcomesishas grownstartedmeant非谓语to processeatinglayingrestingto proveto see/dying/to strengthento improvefeedinglooking/to stay/challenged代词ititthem冠词atheathethe介词asfrominthanthanfor从句which定who定that定which定which定根据上表，我们知道，语法填空的考点或考查根据上表，我们知道，语法填空的考点或考查内容是：内容是：(1)纯空格题：纯空格题：通常考通常考_ 等四类词。一个空格只能填等四类词。一个空格只能填 个单词个单词(2)有提示词题型：有提示词题型：通常考通常考 _、_、_、_等。一个空格可以填等。一个空格可以填_个单词个单词 冠词、介词、连词和代词冠词、介词、连词和代词一动词动词形容词和副词的比较等级形容词和副词的比较等级词性转换词性转换一到两一到两名词名词 名词之前名词之前 考查语法点考查语法点: 定冠词定冠词,不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法 无提示词无提示词1.The adobe dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _most modern of architects and engineers.2. Now years later, this river is one of _ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.3. The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, other is with mum.4.Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _while.5. Janes grandmother had wanted to write a childrens book for many years，but one thing or another always got in_way. 6.This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over_ top.7. As _result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.8. Instead, she is earning $6500 a day as _ model in New York. 9. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _ past 25 years.10. Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at _top of her lungs. 下列情况很可能填下列情况很可能填 ：(1)_+可数可数n.(单数单数)；(2)_+形容词形容词+可数可数n.(单数单数)。下列情况下很可能填下列情况下很可能填 ：(1)_ (+形容词形容词)+n.+ of等介词短语等介词短语 (表示特指表示特指)；(2)_ (+形容词形容词)+n.+定语从句定语从句(表示特指表示特指)；(3)_ (+形容词形容词)+n.+不定式短语或分词短语不定式短语或分词短语 (表示特指表示特指)不定冠词不定冠词定冠词定冠词解题技巧解题技巧(1)(1)介词介词+ +宾语（名词）宾语（名词）(2)(2)不及物动词不及物动词+ +介词介词+ +宾语宾语 考查语法点考查语法点: 介词的基本用法及惯用搭配介词的基本用法及惯用搭配 无提示词：无提示词：注意固定搭配注意固定搭配1.But my connection with pandas goes back_ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,2. Most of us are more focused _our tasks in the morning. 3. In India, for example , most people traditionally eat_ their hands.4. For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away _car.5. I got a place next _the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.6. She plans to take a year off to model full time to get a degree _ engineering or architecture. 6._the same time, they warm up again for the night7. As they travelled to and _ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.8. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）_a method of fighting heart disease.9. The review says it is more effective at lengthening life _walking, cycling or swimming. 10. Corn uses less water _ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.11. I was searching _these three western lowland gorillas Id observing. 当空格后的名词(一般前有限定词)、代词或动名词在句中不是作主语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，那就是作介词的宾语，即填介词。 因为名词和代词最典型的用法是在句中作主语或宾语，既然不作主语和动词的宾语，那就是作介词的宾语了，所以要填介词。 具体填什么介词,可能是由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定,也可能是由动词或形容词与介词的句式搭配来决定。解题技巧解题技巧(1)(1)作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格, ,注意注意形容词词性形容词词性和和名词性物主代词名词性物主代词的区别。的区别。(2)(2)指示代词指示代词, ,不定代词、反身代词等不定代词、反身代词等考查语法点考查语法点: 代词的基本用法代词的基本用法 无提示词无提示词1.On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _(it) mother.2. Id been at home in Hong Kong, with _(it) choking smog. 3. A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! Its _(I).” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. 4. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using_ every day.5. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give_a try.6.When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _ (they)alive. 无提示词：代词无提示词：代词在句子中作在句子中作主语或宾语主语或宾语时，通常填时，通常填代词代词，包括，包括1.人称代词人称代词(I/me/you/he/him等等)、2.指示代词指示代词(it/this等等)、3.不定代词不定代词(something/anything等等)、4.名词性物主代词名词性物主代词(mine/yours/his/hers等等)、5.疑问代词疑问代词(which/who等等)、6.反身代词反身代词(不能作主语不能作主语)(myself/yourself等等) 在在名词前作定语名词前作定语就就只能用形容词性物主代词只能用形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her等等)。解题技巧解题技巧两个主谓结构连接两个主谓结构连接 考查语法点考查语法点: 各类复合句中连词各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法引导词的用法 无提示词无提示词连词和引导词高考真题连词和引导词高考真题1.(20161.(2016全国全国I) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _I was the first Western TV reporter .2. .( (20162016全国全国) Over time ,_the population grew , people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.3.3.( (20162016全国全国) Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,_ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.4.4.(2015(2015全国全国I) Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists. 5.(2015.(2015全国全国II) As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. when when/as who which/that how6.(2014全国全国I) Maybe you have a habit _ is driving your family crazy.7.(2016江苏）江苏）Many young people ,most of_were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.8.(2016江苏江苏)It is often the case_ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. _ is often the case, anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.9.(2017(2017全国全国I) It is possible to have too much of both, _is not good for the health. which/thatthat whomAswhich10.(2017全国)Sarah, _has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains. 11. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease .12. Between 2005-when the government started a soil-testing program _ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers.13. Im not sure _is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.14. Many westerners _ come to China cook much less than in their own countries.whowhichwhichwhichwho15.There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _ some of them looked very anxious.16. But river wasnt changed in a few days_ even a few months.17. In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China ,Japan ,Korea ,_ Vietnam , food is usually eaten with chopsticks. and or and解题技巧解题技巧解题技巧解题技巧并列句和复合句并列句和复合句并列句：并列句：简单句简单句并列连词并列连词简单句简单句复合句：复合句：主句（主谓宾）主句（主谓宾）从句从句（连接词连接词主谓）主谓）两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号，就分号，就必须要用连词必须要用连词，否则，句子，否则，句子的结构就不完整。的结构就不完整。 有提示词有提示词 与主语构成主谓结构与主语构成主谓结构 考查语法点考查语法点: 谓语动词的时态及语态谓语动词的时态及语态, 及主谓一致及主谓一致1.It was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base. I_(allow) to get up close to these cute animals .2. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _ (be) often acceptable.3. Whatever it is, _(make ) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.4. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _(be)too violent for use at the table.5. Truly elegant chopsticks might_(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.6.It was raining lightly when I_ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. 7. For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away by car . Yangshuo _ (be) really beautiful.8. This cycle _ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night.9. In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It _ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.10. A boy on a bike _ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. 11.When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines _(use) to pull the carriages12. Later, engineers _(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels .13. When fat and salt_(remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something.14. Fast food _ (be) full of fat and salt;15. Sarah _ (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. 16. My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school _(come) first. 17.While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it _ (be) more effective at lengthening life.18. Since 2011, the country _(grow) more corn than rice. 19. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government _ (start) a soil-testing program .20. I was just glad to find them alive. True to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal _(mean) me no real harm. 21. I _(shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time. 当句中缺少谓语动词时，括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时要考虑_、_、_、_等四个方面。【确定时态的【确定时态的3条依据】条依据】(1)依据上下文时态一致。看上下文谓语动词是什么时态(过去/现在/将来)，空格要填的动词时态一般应与上下文的时态一致。这空格要填的动词时态一般应与上下文的时态一致。这是高考语法填空中确定时态的最重要的依据是高考语法填空中确定时态的最重要的依据。但需注意：客观事实或真理可能时态不一致；直接引语的时态会与引号外的时态不一致。(2)依据并列谓语动词的时态一致。(3)依据时间状语。如recently, so far, up to now, up to the present, in the past few years常与现在完成时连用；by the end of, since 1980, for three years常与完成时连用。提示：尽管课标或考纲中列出了10种时态，一般现在时和一般一般现在时和一般过去时过去时两种时态考查的多一些。解题技巧解题技巧时态、时态、 语态、语态、 语气、语气、 主谓一致主谓一致 有提示词有提示词 除谓语动词以外的动词形式除谓语动词以外的动词形式 考查语法点考查语法点: 非谓语动词及变形的使用非谓语动词及变形的使用 1.(2018全国I) You dont have to run fast or for long _ (see) the benefit.2.(2018全国I) You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _ _ (die) early by running. 3. (2018全国I) To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _ (strength) your leg muscles .4. (2018全国II) The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _(improve) water quality. 5. (2018全国II) Chinas approach to protecting its environment while _ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agricultureto seedyingto improvestrengthenfeeding6.(2018全国) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel _(challenge).7 .(2018全国)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _(stay) and watch.8. (2018浙江）I still remember _ (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years .challengedlookingto stayvisiting9.(2017全国II) This included digging up the road, _(lay) the track and then building a strong roof .10.(2017全国I) They are required_(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury.11 (2017全国I)By _ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.12. (2017全国) But unlike school friends ,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term _ (rest).13. (2017全国) Sarah wants _(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.layingto processrestingeatingto prove非谓语高考真题单句填空14.(2016全国I) I was the first Western TV reporter _ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.15.(2016全国I) My ambassadorial duties will include _(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu.16.(2016全国II) If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely _ (bring) your work home.17.(2016全国) Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _(create)special designs.18.(2016全国) People probably cooked their food in large pots, _ (use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.permittedintroducingto bringto createusing19.(2015全国I) A study of travelers_(conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 20.(2015全国I) Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people_ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.21(2015全国II) The adobe dwellings(土坯房_(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.22.(2015全国II) In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without _（use）electric equipment.conductedlivingbuiltusing 当句中已有谓语已有谓语动词，横线前又没有没有并列连词并列连词与括号中的动词并列时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式(doing, done, to do)。解题技巧解题技巧 有提示词有提示词 介词介词, ,冠词冠词, ,所有格后接名词所有格后接名词, ,形容词修形容词修饰名词饰名词, ,副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子 考查语法点考查语法点: 各类词性的正确使用及转化各类词性的正确使用及转化1.The title will be _(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. 2. Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks_(regular).3. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which _(gradual)turned into chopsticks.4. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it_(regular) arranges quick getaways.5. As _(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 6. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat_（slow）during cool nights.7.The river was so polluted that I_(actual) caught fire and burned.8. While there are _ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be_ (patience).9. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and _ (disappoint). 10. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers_(sudden) became friendly to one another.11. It must have been_(fair)unpleasant for the passsengers, with all the smoke and noise. 12.The central London Railway was one of the most _(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. 13. However, be _ (care) not to go to extremes14. It is_(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.15. Running is cheap, easy and its always _ (energy).16. A taste for meat is _ (actual) behind the change.17. China accounts for about 30 percent of total _ (globe) fertilizer consumption. 当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时, ,就需要词类转换。这类题一般可根据以下就需要词类转换。这类题一般可根据以下5 5点顺利解点顺利解决：决：（1 1）作主语或宾语用）作主语或宾语用_形式。形式。（2 2）在形容词性物主代词、冠词）在形容词性物主代词、冠词(+(+形容词形容词) )、不定代、不定代词词(some, any, a lot of(some, any, a lot of等等) )、介词后还没有名词时，、介词后还没有名词时，就用就用_形式。形式。（3 3）作定语、表语或补足语用）作定语、表语或补足语用_形式。形式。（4 4）作状语，修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，或放）作状语，修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，或放在句首修饰全句，用在句首修饰全句，用_。（5 5）当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时，）当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时，无需改变词性，而可能是只改变词义但不改变词性的无需改变词性，而可能是只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀或后缀前缀或后缀，也可能用其，也可能用其比较级或最高级比较级或最高级。解题技巧解题技巧名词名词名词名词形容词形容词副词副词考点归纳考点归纳 在高考全国卷中出现的考纲词的派生在高考全国卷中出现的考纲词的派生词是不算生词的，也不用汉语注明，因此，词是不算生词的，也不用汉语注明，因此，掌握基本的构词法知识非常重要。掌握基本的构词法知识非常重要。从近两年全国卷的语法填空来看，词类转从近两年全国卷的语法填空来看，词类转换仅考查了以下换仅考查了以下3点：点：(1)形容词形容词副词。副词。(2)形容词形容词名词