英语被动语态ppt课件.ppt

2l英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。l主动语态： 人民创造历史。l The people make history.l被动语态： 历史是人民创造的。l History is made by the people.3l1 1、构成、构成l（1）肯定式： be + 过去分词l在使用中，被动语态还有“人称、数、情态动词搭配、时态”等问题，这些都在be动词上作形式上的变化。4l规则动词的过去分词规则动词的过去分词l（1 1）一般情况下，在动词原形后加）一般情况下，在动词原形后加eded。l（2 2）以不发音的）以不发音的e e结尾的加结尾的加d d。l（3 3）以辅音加）以辅音加y y结尾的，把结尾的，把y y变变i i加加ededl（4 4）以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字）以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母，再加母时，先双写辅音字母，再加ededlwatch-watched practice-practicedwatch-watched practice-practicedlstudy-studied stop-stoppedstudy-studied stop-stopped5l不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词lam / is /are -beenam / is /are -beenlhave / has -hadhave / has -hadldo -donedo -donelgo -gonego -gonelwrite -writtenwrite -written6一般时态一般时态进行时态进行时态完成时态完成时态现在am/is/are+过去分词过去分词am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词has/have been+has/have been+过过去分词去分词过去was/were+过去分词过去分词was/were+being+过去分词过去分词had been + had been + 过去分过去分词词将来shall/will+be+过去分词过去分词/shall/will+have shall/will+have been+been+过去分词过去分词过去将来should/would+be+过去过去分词分词/should/would+have should/would+have been +been +过去分词过去分词7l（2）疑问式：be + n. +过去分词l Is rice grown here?l 这儿种水稻吗？l（3）否定式：n.+be+not+过去分词l Rice is not grown here.l 这儿不种水稻。l（4）带有情态动词的被动语态：l 情态动词+be+过去分词l The work must be done at once.l 这工作必须马上做。8l（5）带有不定式的被动语态：l to be +过去分词l Little Tom would love to be taken to the theater this evening.l 小汤姆愿意今天晚上被带到剧院。9l2 2、用法、用法l（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁l Her watch was stolen last night.l 她的手表昨晚被偷了。l Thousands of trees are planted every year.l 每年都种成千上万的树。l（2）突出或强调动作的承受者l Wang Hong may be chosen monitor of our class.l 王红可能被选为我们班的班长。10l3 3、主动语态变为被动语态要注意的几个问题、主动语态变为被动语态要注意的几个问题l （1）时态应保持不变lThey will spend almost 100 million yuan on the project.lAlmost 100 million yuan will be spent on the project.l 这项工程要花近一亿元。11l（2）及物动词一般均可构成被动语态，不及物动词不能构成被动语态，但某些不及物动词加介词或副词构成固定短语时，若有宾语，可用被动语态。lThey are singing happily.l 他们在高兴地唱歌。lThey listened to the teacher carefully.l他们仔细地听老师讲。（listen为不及物动词，但这儿加了介词to,可带宾语，因此可改为被动语态）lThe teacher was listened to carefully.l人们仔细地听老师讲。12l（3）含有复合宾语的主动句，使用其被动句式时，只需把宾语变为主语，补足语部分留在原位不动。lOur troop made the enemy give up fighting.l我们的部队迫使敌人停止战斗。lThe enemy was made to give up fighting.l敌人被迫停止战斗。 13l（4）有些短语动词，由“动词+介（副）词”或由“动词+名词+介词”构成（如：set up, carry out, send for, take care of等），可以有被动语态。注意短语动词是一个整体。lThey sent for the doctor immediately.l他们立刻去请医生。lThe doctor was sent for immediately.l立刻就派人去请医生了。lWe should carry out the plan.l我们应该执行计划。lThe plan should be carried out.l计划应该执行。14l1、某些由及物动词转化来的不及物动词，如read, write, clean, wash, iron, burn, draw, cook, keep, cut, open, blow, peel, sell, act等，常和副词well, easily, smoothly等连用，用主动结构表示被动含义。lThis pen writes smoothly.l这笔写起来很流畅。lIn hot weather meat wont keep long.l热天，肉不能长时间存放。lThe door cant open.l这门打不开。lThe cloth washes well.l这种布料好洗。15l有些动词，如cook, print, do等，常用主动结构的进行时表示被动含义。lThe cakes are baking.l蛋糕正在烤。lThe lunch is cooking.l午饭正在烧。lThe book is printing.l这本书在排印中。lFish is selling briskly.l鱼很畅销。16l2、动词need, require, want, deserve, be worth+V.ing的主动结构表示被动含义。lWho said the boy deserves punishing?l谁说这男孩该受到惩罚？l3、某些系动词，如feel, prove, smell, taste,sound等，加上形容词，也可用主动语态表示被动意义。lYour suggestion proved quite effective.l你的建议已证明是很有效的。l4、有些以后缀-able或-ible结尾的形容词，如：acceptable, avilable, drinkable, eatable, reliable, visible, punishable, feasible等，也可表示被动意义。lYour advice is not acceptable.l你的建议是不可取的。17l5、某些介词短语，如under discussion, under consideration, on display, on sale, under arrest, on trial, in dispute等，也可用主动结构表示被动含义。lSome fresh vegetables have been on sale.l一些新鲜的蔬菜已经上市出售。18l1、被动语态中的过去分词是动词，表动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，表状态。lThese books are sold quickly.l这些书售得快。（被动结构）lThese books are all sold out.l这些书全卖完了。（系表结构）19l2、被动结构可以跟by短语，而系表结构则一般不用by短语。lThe old lady was very excited at hearing the news.l听到这个消息，老妇人很兴奋。lWhen the dam was finished, many of the temples would be covered by the waters of the new lake.l在水坝建成之后，其中有许多寺庙将会被湖水淹没。（被动结构）20l3、系表结构中的过去分词可被very等副词修饰；被动结构中的过去分词可用much修饰。lThe husband was very agitated about his wifes health.l丈夫对妻子的健康状况深感不安。lThe driver was much agitated by the young mans death in the car accident.l在这次车祸中，那个年轻人的死，使司机深感不安。（被动结构）21l4、系表结构中的过去分词常常有其固定的介词搭配，被动结构则没有lEach stone was marked with a number.l每块石头上都标有号码。lI was surprised at his coming.l我感到奇怪，他竟然来了。lMany people are interested in American country music.l许多人都对美国乡村音乐感兴趣。22l1、Many accidents_by careless drivers last year.lA. are caused B. were causedlC. have caused D. will cause B B23l2、Today a lot of information can_online.lA. receive B. be receivedlC. is received D. receivingB B24l3、In many places in China, the old over 90_not only by their family but also by the government.lA. is taking good carelB. are taken good care oflC. is taking good care oflD. are taken good careB B25l4、These books should _to the library on time.lA. send B. be returnedlC. give back D. be got backB B26l5、An official _by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yesterday.lA. is interviewinglB. is interviewedlC. was interviewinglD. was interviewedD D27l6、A Disneyland Park(迪斯尼乐园)_in Shanghai Pudong New Area in the near future.lA. builds B. has builtlC. will build D. will be builtD D28l7、Another new railway station_in Changsha in 2011.lA. was built lB. buildlC. will be builtC29l8、-Which sport are you in at the school sports meeting?l-No decision yet. I think it_after discussing with my PE teacher.lA. will be decidedlB. will decidelC. was decidedlD. is decidedA30l9、Another two months will be needed before the new bridge_.lA. completeslB. is completedlC. has completedlD. will be completedB31l10、-Can you sing this English song?l-Of course. I can. It_many times on the radio.lA. taughtlB. has taughtlC. is taughtlD. has been taughtD32l11.-Are you going to the party?l-No, because I_.lA. have askedlB. havent askedlC. have been askedlD. havent been askedD33l12、-Long time no see!l -Ive just returned. I_to Zhengzhou for a meeting last month.lA. am sentlB. was sentlC. am sendinglD. was sendingB34l13、-Excuse me, whats this for?l -Its a cleaner and it_to pick up dirt.lA. useslB. is usedlC. is usinglD. usedB