2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试-英语试题(全国乙卷)解析版.docx

2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（全国乙卷）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt？£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是A。1. What does the man want to do?A. Have breakfast.B. Take a walk.C. Call his office.2. What was George doing last night?A. Having a meeting.B. Flying home.C. Working on a project.3. Why does the man suggest going to the park?A. Its big.B. Its quiet.C. Its new.4. How does the woman sound?A. Annoyed.B. Pleased.C. Puzzled.5. Where is the mans table?A. Near the door.B. By the window.C. In the corner.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What are the speakers going to do tonight?A. Eat out.B. Go shopping.C. Do sports.7. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Boss and secretary.B. Hostess and guest.C. Husband and wife.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. Why does the woman think July is the best time to move?A. Their business is slow.B. The weather is favorable.C. Its easy to hire people.9. How will they handle the moving?A. Finish it all at once.B. Have the sales section go first.C. Do one department at a time.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. What did Peter learn from his grandfather?A. How to appreciate art works.B. How to deal with artists.C. How to run a museum.11. What did Peter do in Chicago?A. He studied at a college.B. He served in the army.C. He worked in a gallery.12. Whose works did Peter like best?A. Rembrandts.B. Botticellis.C. Rubens.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. Where does the conversation take place?A. At a library.B. In a law firm.C. On a train.14. By what time did John plan to finish his term paper?A. March.B. August.C. October15. Why did John quit his part-time job?A. He had to catch up with his study.B. He was offered a better one.C. He got tired of it.16. What is Susan's attitude to Johns problem?A. Carefree.B. Understanding.C. Forgiving.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. What did the speaker do before the year 2012?A.A fitness coach.B.A chess player.C.A marathon runner.18. Why was the 2016 Olympics important for the speaker?A. He was motivated by Bolt.B. He broke a world record.C. He won fifth place.19. Which is the hardest for the speaker?A. Getting over an injury.B. Doing strength training.C. Representing Botswana.20. What is the speaker mainly talking about?A. His plan to go for the gold.B. His experience on the track.C. His love for his home country.【答案】 15 BCBAC 610 ACACA 1115 ACCBA 1620 BBCAB第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHenry Raeburn (1756-1823)The ExhibitionThis exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotlands best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.Lecture SeriesScottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.An Introduction to RaeburnSunday 26 Oct., 15.00DUNCAN THOMSONRaeburns English ContemporariesThursday 30 Oct., 13.10JUDY EGERTONCharacters and Characterisation in Raeburns PortraitsThursday 6 Nov., 13.10NICHOLAS PHILLIPSONRaeburn and Artists Training in the 18th CenturyThursday 13 Nov., 13.10MARTIN POSTLEExhibition TimesMonday-Saturday 10.00-17.45Sunday 12.00-17.45Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. The is no re-admission.Closed: 24-26 December and 1 JanuaryAdmission4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.Schools and CollegesA special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.21. What is the right time for attending Raeburns English Contemporaries?A. Sun. 26 Oct.B. Thurs.30 Oct. C. Thurs. 6 Nov.D. Thurs. 13 Nov.22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?A. 4.B. 8.C. 12.D. 16.23. How can full-time students get group discounts?A. They should go on Sunday mornings.B. They should come from art schools.C. They must be led by teachers.D. They must have ID cards with them.【答案】2123 BBC【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了苏格兰画家画展的一些情况。21.细节理解题。根据Lecture Series小标题下的内容“Raeburns English Contemporaries Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10”可知，答案为B。22.细节理解题。根据Admission小标题下的内容“4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.”可知，一个成年人带着一个12岁以下的孩子是免费的，而题目中是一对夫妇带着一个孩子，因此多出来的成人需要付8，故选B。23.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话“A special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.”可知，如果老师组团带学生一起，可获得相应折扣，故选C。BIn 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y. Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruffs granddaughter.Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.In Wickendens book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothys return to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”24. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?A. To teach in a school.B. To study American history.C. To write a book.D. To do sightseeing.25. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?A. They enjoyed much respect.B. They had a room with a bathtub.C. They lived with the local kids.D. They suffered severe hardships.26. Which part of Wickendens writing is hair-raising?A. The extreme climate of Auburn.B. The living conditions in Elkhead.C. The railroad building in the Rockies.D. The natural beauty of the West.27. What is the text?A. A news report.B. A book review.C. A childrens story.D. A diary entry.【答案】24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B【解析】本文为说明文，介绍了Dorothy Wickenden写了一本关于自己的（外）祖母Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood年轻时去贫困山区支教的书，作者简单介绍了这本书的情节并对这本书加以赞许。24. 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse.”可知，这两位富家女孩去到落基山脉是为了在当地一所学校教书，故选A。25. 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning”可知，这两个女孩在支教时受了不少苦，故选D。26. 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.”可知，Wickenden书中最令人毛骨悚然的部分是关于在落基山脉修建铁路的部分，故选C。27. 文章来源题。根据第一段最后一句中的“Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden”，第四段的开头“In Wickendens book”和最后一段的开头“Wickenden is a very good storyteller.”可知，整篇文章都在围绕Wickenden这本书展开叙述，所以是一篇书评，故选B。CCan a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying todays “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews efforts.By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail dont need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A. The use of drones in checking on power lines.B. Drones ability to work at high altitudes.C. The reduction of cost in designing drones.D. Drones reliable performance in remote areas.29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety.B. Assistance from drones.C. Inspection and repair.D. Construction of infrastructure.30. What function is expected of the rail drones?A. To provide early warning.B. To make trains run automatically.C. To earn profits for the crews.D. To accelerate transportation.31. Which is the most suitable title for the text?A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways【答案】28. A29. C 30. A 31. D【解析】本文为说明文，从多方面介绍了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。28. 细节理解题。根据第二段前两句中的“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure.”可知，无人机在已经被用于检查高压电线。它们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁轨和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，所以是无人机在检查电线的使用使得无人机成为在铁轨上的应用成为可能，故选A。29. 词义猜测题。根据划线词后一句中的“.20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.”可知，仅欧洲铁路公司一年就在铁路维护上花费了大约200亿欧元，包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施，所以无人机在铁轨的使用能大大降低维修成本，故选C。30. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后两句“Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.”可知，配备了先进传感器和人工智能的小型无人机可以像副驾驶员实时监测，并发出问题的信号，所以铁轨无人机的作用是提供早期预警。故选A。31. 标题归纳题。通读全文，文章从降低铁轨维修成本，协助员工危险作业以及提供预警等方面介绍了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，故选D。DThe Governments sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown. First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that todays children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease. Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports. It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content. However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year. Todays figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part. 32. Why was the sugar tax introduced? A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks. C. To protect childrens health. D. To encourage research in education. 33. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax? A. They turned to overseas markets. B. They raised the prices of their products. C. They cut down on their production. D. They reduced their products sugar content. 34. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected? A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks. C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke. 35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax p