人教版八年级英语下册Unit1-Unit3单元知识点归纳.pdf

Unit 1 What s the matter?知识点总结I. 基本知识点1. What s the matter (with you)?怎么了？出什么事了？Whats the trouble/ the problem / wrong with sb./ sth.? 2. I had a cold.我感冒了。have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu have a fever have a cough咳嗽have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼have a toothache 牙疼 have a headache 头疼3. 身体部位 +ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache 后背痛4. much too+ ，意为，too much+ ，意为。5. enough 【形容、副词】足够的 /地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough足够好， enough money=money money 6. lie down 躺下， lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay，过去分词lie 说谎，过去式 lied，过去分词lay ，过去式，过去分词7. maybe “ 或许” ，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right. may be， 是情态动词 +be的结构，意为“ 可能，也许” ， 后加名词、代词或形容词。 He may be angry. 8. sound like+名词、代词和从句： It sounds like you dont know the truth. sound+形容词， “ 听起来，好像 ” ，The music sounds nice. 9. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物； need to do sth. 需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class. need doing sth. 主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing. 10. get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车11. agree 同 意 ， 赞 同 ； 同 意 做 某 事， 同 意 某 人 的 看 法 、 观点。12. trouble 问题，麻烦 ；be in trouble ，make trouble ，have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth. have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth. 13. right away=right now=at once，意为。14. 【复习】 advice 不可数名词 劝告，建议，向征求意见， give sb. advice on sth. 就 某 事 给 某 人 建 议 ； advise 动 词 advise sb. to do sth. advise doing . 15. 【复习】 exercise 动词意为，可数时意为，不可数时意为。16. hurt 及物动词，使 疼痛， 受伤， He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物动词， （部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly. 17. clean 【动词】， clean the classroom ， 【形容词】，cleaner意为。18. hit （用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on 用在所打较硬的部位； hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in 用在所打较软的部位。19. be used to sth./ doing sth. 习惯于、 适应了 、 做某事， 强调状态；His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning. get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “ 变得习惯，逐渐适应 ” 强调过程、动作： It s difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.20. 【复习】 free 形容词 空闲的 free time；免费的 the drink is for free；自由的 I want to become a free bird. be free to do free【动词】使 解脱，得到自由He could not free his arm. free from 21. run out用完，用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 物 sth. tun out. 某物用尽了。人 sb. run out of物 sth.人用尽了某物。 He run out of all his money last night. 22. risk sth to do sth. 冒着.的风险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险risk doing .=take the risk of doing . 23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性 We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的， unimportant adj. 24. decision 【名词】决定；抉择； make a decision to do sth. decide 25. be in the control of 掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control无法控制，无法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中26. 【复习】 mind 意为 介意 ， Would you mind my opening the window? 27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事， give up (playing) computer games；give up 后可接名词、代词和动词ing 形式，也可不接，如 Never give up easily. II. 重点短语1. have a fever 发烧2. have a cough 咳嗽3. have a toothache 牙疼4. talk too much 说得太多5. drink enough water 喝足够的水6. have a cold 受凉;感冒7. have a stomachache 胃疼8. have a sore back 背疼9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息11. hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶12. see a dentist 看牙医13. get an X-ray 拍 X 光片14. take one s temperature量体温15. put some medicine on sth. 在上面敷药16. feel very hot 感到很热17. sound like 听起来像18. all weekend 整个周末19. in the same way 以同样的方式20. go to a doctor 看医生 21. go along 沿着走22. on the side of the road 在马路边23. shout for help 大声呼救24. without thinking twice 没有多想25. get off 下车 26. have a heart problem 有心脏病27. to one s surprise 使. 惊讶的28. thanks to 多亏了 ；由于29. in time 及时30. save a/ones life挽救生命lose ones life 31. get into trouble 造成麻烦32. right away 立刻；马上33. because of 由于34. get out of 离开;从 出萍35. hurt oneself 受伤36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎37. fa ll down 摔倒38. feel sick 感到恶心39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难43. mountain climbing 登山运动44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事45. run out (of) 用完;用尽46. so that 以便47. so. . . that 如此 以至于48. be in control of 掌管;管理49. in a difficult situation 在闲境屮50. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事51. make a decision 做出决定52. take risks 冒险53. give up 放弃III. 重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词， 在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myself yourself himself herself itself 复数ourselves yourselves themselves 【用法】1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. 2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。如： She isn t quite herself today.3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. 4. 用在某些固定短语当中。如： look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself 自学enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快help oneself to sth 请自用 （随便吃 /喝些）. hurt oneself摔伤自己say to oneself自言自语leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下buy oneself sth. 给自己买 东西introduce oneself 介绍自己【提醒】 1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。如：我自己能完成作业。（误） Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself. 2. 反身代词表示 “ 某人自己 ” 不能表示 “ 某人的东西 ” ， 因为它没有所有格的形式。 表达“ 某人自己的（东西） ” 时，须要用 ones own.如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）I m drawing with myself crayons.(正) I m drawing with my own crayons.Unit2 单元总结.词形give-gave-givencome-came-come put-put-put make-made-made set-set-set break-broke-broken take-took-taken understand-underst ood-understood strong-stronglyfeel-feelingown-ownerable-disabled-unable difficult-difficult y different-difference kind-kindness train-training-trainer .词组1. clean up 清扫，打扫2. cheer up （使）振作起来，高兴起来3. put up张贴4. call sb. up (= make a telephone call to sb.) 给某人打电话 5. give out = hand out分发， 发放6. give away捐赠；赠送7. give up 放弃8. tell sb. about/of sth告诉某人关于某事9. in an after-school study program在课外辅导活动中10. make a plan = plan 制定计划11. from now (on)从现在起12. make some notices 发通知，发布通告13. come up with 提出，想出14. in an old peoples home在敬老院15. help out with 帮忙解决某事 16. read the newspaper to the old people 给老年人读报17. tell me the stories about the past 给我讲关于过去的故事18. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事；曾经19. care for = take care of = look after 照顾， 关爱20. one day （过去或将来的）某一天21. some day （将来）总有一天22. get his future dream job得到他理想中的工作23. hard work 艰苦的工作24. work hard 努力工作25. such a strong feeling of satisfaction如此强烈的满足感26. get better康复27. the look of joy on their owners faces主人脸上快乐的表情28. at the age of 在岁时29. try out for 参加选拔 30. a dream come true 梦想成真31. at the same time 同时32. put off 推迟，延期33. be busy with sth. 忙于某事34. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 35. worry about = be worried about担心 36. make money = earn money 赚钱37. raise money for为捐钱38. in the free time在闲暇之余39. run out of 用完40. take after = be similar to = look/be like 像41. fix up 修理，修缮42. not any more = no more 不再43. write to sb. 给某人写信44. feel/be lonely 感到孤独45. a lonely village 一个偏僻的小乡村46. travel alone (= by oneself = on one s own) 独自旅行47. set up建立，创立48. make it adj. for sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事 49. disabled people残疾人50. make a big difference to 对有很大影响51. make no difference to 对没有影响52. answer the telephone 接电话53. a friend of mine = one of my friends我的一个朋友（双重所有格）54. be excite d about 对感到兴奋55. at once = right away= 立刻，马上56. send sb. sth = send sth. to sb. 寄（送）给某人某物57. best wishes 衷心的祝福58. be strong in = do well in = be good at擅长做某事59. work out fine 产生好的结果；成功60. in need 有需要地61. decide to do 决定做某事62. volunteer to do 义务做某事重要语言点1. not only but (also) 不但 而且 用来连接两个并列的成分(1)引导以 not only but (also)开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。因此 Not only do I feel good but (also).是倒装句。也是说得要把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如：Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不仅能做到而且做得最好。Not onlybut (also)接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化也就是就近原则如：Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。常见的就近原则的结构有：Neither nor 即不也不 (两者都不 )Neither you nor I like him. Either or 不是就是 (两者中的一个 )Either Lily or you are a student. Not only but (also)There/Here be . or. 2. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织 ) 如：join the Party 入党 take part in 参加 (指参加活动 ) 如：take part in sports meeting 参加运动会3. run out 与 run out of run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本身就含有被动意义。 His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。 My patience has completely run out. 我没有一点耐心了。 Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。run out of 主语为人，表示主动含义。 He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。两者在一定条件下可以互换如：The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了= We are running out of petrol. 我们快把汽油用完了。 Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。= We are running out of time. . 语法.动词不定式： To do sth is . /It be adj.for/of sb. to do sth. (真正的主语 ) v.+ to do (作宾语 )/make/think/find it adj. to do （真正的宾语） v.+ sb.+ to do(作宾补 ) to do （作状语，表目的、结果、原因等） 作定语，放在所修饰的词的后面 what/how to do.(复合不定式 ) .动词短语： v.+ adv.(后跟名词、代词、动名词。代词宾格放中间) v.+ prep. v.+ adv. + prep. v.+ n. + prep.IV. 提供帮助的交际用语1. What are you going to do when you see the hungry people?当看到饥饿的人，你将做什么？2.What kind of volunteer work do you think you could do?你认为你能做哪种义务工作？3. What would you like to do to help the homeless people? 你想做什么帮助无家可归的人？4. If you see these things or problems, what will you do? 如果看到这些事情或问题，你将会做什么？5. Im going to set up a food bank/a charity to help the hungry people.我打算建立一个食品救济站 /一个慈善机构来帮助饥饿的人。6. I will work outside. 我将出去工作。7. You could help clean up the city parks. 你可以帮助打扫城市公园。8. You could help kids with their schoolwork.你可以帮助孩子们学习功课。9. You could start a Chinese History Club. 你可以开办一个中国历史俱乐部。.话题本单元围绕 “volunteering and charity”，向别人提供帮助。写作中可用的重点句式： I d like to volunteer to （想从事的志愿工作 ) I m strong in/Im good at （自己的兴趣和爱好） In my free time, I like to ., so I think I can do this job well. （自己的优点怎么有助于做好该工作） I want to help out as a volunteer in your old peopl es home/museum/ becauseI （做这件事的理由） I m free to help in/on/at（什么时间）Unit Three 知识汇总.词形sweep-sw ept-sweptthrow-threw-thrownlend-lent-lentdrop-dropped- -dropped depend- independ ent-independ ence develop-developed-developed-developing fair-fair ness-un fair II. 短语1. make polite requests =make requests politely 礼貌地发出请求2. ask for permission 请求允许（许可）3. clean your room 打扫你的房间4. do chores 做杂活do chores at home 在家里做杂活5. discuss with sb (about sth)=have a discussion with sb (about sth)和.讨论（某事）6. do the dishes 洗餐具6. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾7.fold the (ones) clothes叠衣服8. sweep the floor扫地9. make the (ones)bed 整理床铺，铺床10. clean the living room 打扫起居室11. come over （to）过来，顺便来访 . 12. All right 好吧！13. Let s see.咱们想想14. Let me see. 让我想想15. no problem 没问题16. go out for dinner 出去吃饭17stay out late 在外面待到很晚18. go to the movies 去看电影19. get a ride 搭车20. give sb a ride (to.) 让某人搭车（去 .) 21. work on 从事22. finish doing sth. 完成做某事23. clean your room打扫你的房间24. help sb out with sth帮助某人做 . 25. at least 至少at most至多26. come home from school/ work放学/下班回家27. be back from shopping 购物回来28. any time 随时 29. see this mess 看到这样乱30. read the story (for sb) 为.读故事31. be angry with sb about sth （因某事）和某人生气32. solve the problem解决问题33. welcome sb. （to .) 欢迎某人 (到.来） 34. throw down sth 扔掉/下. 35. sit down in front of TV 在电视机前坐下36. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步37. go out for a walk出去散步38. all the time 一直;总是 39. all day/evening 整曰/夜40. do housework 做家务41. shout back 大声回应42. walk away 走开了43. the next day第二天 44.find the house clean and tidy 发现房子干净整洁的45. share the housework 分担家务46. a comfortable home 一个舒适的家47. in surprise 惊讶地 ,吃惊地 48. get something to drink 拿点喝的东西49. watch one show 观看一个节目50. hang out with sb和.闲逛51. pass sb. sth=pass sth to sb 把某物传给某人52. borrow sth from sb(sp)从.借出. 53. lend sb. sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人54. get sth. wet 使某物弄湿55. hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事56. hate (doing) sth讨厌（做）某事57. help sb. (to ) d o /with sth帮助某人干某事58. bring a tent带顶帐篷来59. buy some drinks and snacks 买些饮料和小吃60. go to the store去商店61. invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会62. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事63. buy sth for sb=buy sb sth为.买. 64. be careful with sth小心使用某物65. have enough stress from 有来足够的来自 .的压力66. a waste of ones time浪费某人的时间67. get good grades 取得好成绩68. get into a good university 进入一所好大学69. mind doing sth. 介意做某事70. depend on依赖;依靠71. Theres no need for sb to do sth对.来说，没必要做 . 72. in order to为了,目的是=so that =in order that. 73. provide sth. for sb.=provide sb. with sth. 为.提供. 74. develop childrens independence发展孩子的独立能力75. look after/take care of/care for 照顾76. learn how to do sth. 学习怎样做某事77. do one s part in (doing ) sth.做某人分内的事78. keep it clean and tidy保持干净整洁79. understand the idea of fairness 懂得公平意识80. have no idea =dont know 不知道81. as a result结果82. fall ill /be ill 生病83. It s fair for sb to do sth对某人来说，做 .是公平的III. 重点句型1.表示请求的句型及应答语：Could /will you please do sth？肯定回答： Yes, sure. / Certainly./ Of course. / No problem/OK/All right/With pleasure.否定回答： Sorry, I cant. I have to do sth/Im going to do sth/I am doing sth2.请求许可的句型及应答语：Could I/we do sth? 肯定回答： Certainly./Of course./sure./ No problem 否定回答： No, you can t.&说明理由。3.There is (no )need for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说有 /没有必要做某事4.It is not enough to do sth. 做某事还不够5.发表观点的句式：I think that./ I believe that/ I agree that/ I disagree that/ I think it is fair for sb. to do sth. / I think it is unfair for sb. to do sth. I think children should/ shouldn t .6.try ( not) to do sth. 7. learn (how) to do sth. 8. sb. spend + 时间+ (in) doing sth.= It takes sb.时间 to do sth某人花费时间做某事Sb. spend some money on sth. 某人在某人 /事上花费多少钱Sb pay some money for sth. 某人花多少钱买某物Sth. cost sb. some momey. 某物花费某人多少钱Sth. cost some momey 某物值多少钱9. Neither +系动词 /情态动词 / 助动词 + 主语 ：表示 “ 也不”Neither A nor B + 动词(就近原则 ) : 表示” 既不.也不. ” Neither of + 名词复数 /代词 +动词单三 : 表示” （两者）中任何一个都不 ”IV. 重点语言点 : 1. help out动词短语，表示在某人繁忙或遇到困难时 “ 给予帮助 ” 。help和 out 之间还可以加入具体的 “ 人” 。 e.g. He helped me out with my task.他帮我完成了任务。 They helped (us) out with the clean-up. 他们帮助我们做大扫除。2.any minute now 一种常见的口语表达法，相当于“ 随时；马上；在任何时刻 ” 的意思，表示事情有可能在极短的时间内发生或眼下就要发生。minute 还可以用 second, moment, time 等词替换。e.g. Don t worry, he will come here any minute now. 别担心 , 他会马上来这儿。3.take 有关的短语 : take out 带出去 ,取出Please take out a piece of paper. take .out “把带出去 ” My father is taking me out to go for a drive.(1)take off 脱下；（飞机）起飞-Please take off your coat, Its warm here.-The plane took off at 9:00 am. (2) take to 把.带到. (3) take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步(4) take exercise 运动，锻炼(5) take one s time 不用急，慢慢来(6) take a bus(ship/train) 乘坐公共汽车(7) take turns 轮流，替换(8) It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间4. a few 少数；几个修饰可数名词复数表肯定few 几乎没有的；很少的修饰可数名词复数表否定a little 一点；少许修饰不可数名词，表肯定little 几乎没有的；很少的修饰不可数名词，表否定5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did Nor/neither +be/助动词 /情态动词 +主语某人也不 . neither 用作副词，作 “ 也不” 解释，放在句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或物，句子须采用部分倒装。此时也可用nor 替换 neither 使用。例如： I dont like this dress. 我不喜欢这件连衣裙。 Neither / Nor do I. 我也不喜欢。neither 用作代词，表示 “ 两者都不，双方均不 ” 。例如：He answered neither of the letters. 他两封信都没回。 Which one would you like? 你喜欢哪一个？ Neither.两个都不喜欢。neither.nor. 既不.也不 eg:Neither you nor I am right. So +be/助动词 /情态动词 +主语某人也是如此So +主语+be/助动词 /情态动词 (表示对上句情况的肯定或重复）某人确实如此。如：Betty is a nice girl. So she is . 6.also, too, either, neither 的用法1). also 是比较正式的用语，语气较庄重。它通常放在句中，位于行为动词之前，连系动词之后 ; 如有助动词或情态动词，一般放在助动词或情态动词之后。例如: Peter also has two brothers. 彼得也有两个兄弟。I am also a student. 我也是一名学生。Mrs. Green can also sing the song in Chinese. 格林夫人也能用汉语唱这首歌。2). too 是普