高考英语语法填空题解题技巧与方法.doc

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date高考英语语法填空题解题技巧与方法语高考英语语法填空技巧与方法解题策略与技巧1. 通读全文，把握大意。既然是通过语篇在语境中考语法，那么，我们在解题前，应快速浏览短文，把握全文大意，这一步非常重要。2. 结合语境，试填空格。读懂短文之后，要结合短文所提供的特定的语言环境，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，再根据句子的结构和意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。具体来说，可按设题类型分为三类情况：3. 重读全文，解决难题。在解题过程中要先易后难，难题在大部分空格填好后，再经过仔细推敲，难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。一、纯空格试题的解题技巧。首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词。然后，再根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下7个技巧：技巧1：缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。如：例1I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _38_ gets there almost in a second. (2007年茂名一模) 技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词)，很可能填限定词。如：例2It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _33_rice crop grow up quickly. (2008年广东高考) 例3the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _35_ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. (2007年广东高考)技巧3：句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。例1 who should have the honour of receiving me _33_ a guest in their house. (2007年广东高考)技巧4：若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。例1two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso _34_ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars. 例2all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me _36_almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (2008年深圳一模)技巧5：若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词或从属连词。例1 I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days _32_I was to return to Guangzhou. (2008年广州一模) 例2 He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _37_he felt very happy (2008年广东高考)技巧6：若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。例1What is acceptable in one country _31_be considered extremely rude in another. (2007珠三角五校联考) 例2 He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he _ bring home a regular salary.技巧7：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。(1)由it isthat强调结构形式，判断填it还是that。如：例1 and _40_was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精)! (2007年广州一模) (2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，还是填do, does, did等。如：例1 _with hard work can you expect to get pay rise. (3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it。如：例1 as _32_took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists (2008年佛山二模) 例2Dating sites also make _36_easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (2008年惠州二模) (4)so /suchthat句型。如：例1 This made the goat so jealous _34_it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey. (2007年惠州二模) (5)morethan (与其说不如说，比更)句型。如：例1Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares _40_ how much he pays. (2007深圳宝安期末)二、给出了动词的试题的解题技巧首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，然后按以下两点进行思考。技巧1：若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。例1His fear of failure _36_ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. (2008年深圳一模) 例2 That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her Invitation, _40_ (close) my book and walked away. (2008年广州一模) 例3 In Logan, three people _38_ (take)to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (2007梅州二模)技巧2：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动就要确定用ing形式、ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：(1)作主语或宾语，通常用ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。如：例1 but it is not enough only _35_(memorize) rules from a grammar book. (2007年佛山一模) 例2 _ (speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary (2)作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语，一般用不定式。如：例1 _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. 例2 Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _33_ (succeed). (2008年佛山一模) (3)作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。如：例1 He saw the stone, _37_ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” (2008年东莞一模)例2 The headmaster went into the lab, _(follow) by the foreign guests. (4)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用ing形式，是被动关系用ed形式。如：例1 There will be a meeting, _40_ (start) later this year to review the film. (2008年广州二模) 例2 Lessons _39_ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. (广东考试说明) (5)括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换, a作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。如：例1 When Chinas ancient scientific and technological _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions. 例2 These people have made great _39_ (contribute) to China with their work. (2007年茂名二模) 例3 instructors expect students to be familiar with _32_ (inform) in the reading (2008年三校联考) 例4there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist _34_ (attract) (2008年广州一模) 例5 When Chinas ancient scientific and technological _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions. 例6 These people have made great _39_ (contribute) to China with their work. (2007年茂名二模) 例7 instructors expect students to be familiar with _32_ (inform) in the reading (2008年三校联考)b在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。如：例1 With the large numbers of students, the _ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.三、 词类转换题的解题技巧根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：(一)所给词若是名词，作表语、定语或补语，通常把名词变成形容词形式。如：例1 The youngster immediately fell _(silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 例2 In a _ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to 例3 Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject (二)所给词若是形容词，技巧1：在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。如：例1 the remains date from this period because of their _38_ (similar) to those found elsewhere. (2008年广州二模)技巧2：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：例1  As I looked _32_ (close) at this girl, I fount that (2008年深圳一模) 例2 There must be something _40_ (serious) wrong with our society. (2008潮州期末) 例3Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet _33_ (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time (2008年惠州三模)技巧3：若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。如： 例1The other frog went on jumping as hard as he couldHe jumped even _36_ (hard) and finally made himself out. (2008年期末) 例2Storms which produced at least 13 tornadoes swept along New Mexicos border with Texas on Friday, destroying homes and other buildings and injuring at least 16 people, several critically, authorities said.The _33_ (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. (2007梅州二模)（三）括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un, im等，在词根后加less等。如：例1 People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _ (use). 例2 Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary) work in the office.-