新外研版八年级下册ppt课件.ppt

4Unit 3 Language in use. To summarise and consolidate the use of the present perfect tense together with since and for To be able to understand learning materials on health To be able to carry out a survey on healthy living with the help of othersTeaching aims I havent done much exercise since I got my computer last year. I have had him for three months now. Since then, it has become part of my life. 现在完成时（三）现在完成时（三）当表示动作已经充成并对现在有一定影响当表示动作已经充成并对现在有一定影响时，我们一般用现在充成时。同时，可分时，我们一般用现在充成时。同时，可分别别 用用just, already或或yet加以强调或说明。加以强调或说明。其结构也是：其结构也是： have / has +动词的过去分词动词的过去分词.常用的时间状语有常用的时间状语有: already, just, 一般置于一般置于have/has 之后，之后，用用于肯定句中于肯定句中；在否定句中在否定句中则要用则要用yet 表示表示“还，未还，未”。Grammarfor 和和 since 在现在完成时中的应用在现在完成时中的应用for与与since都能与现在完成时连用，但区别较都能与现在完成时连用，但区别较大：大：（1）for后须接后须接“时间段时间段” He has studied English for five years. 他学英语他学英语5年了。年了。（2）since后须接后须接“时间点时间点” He has studied English since 1999. 他从他从19991999年开始学英语。年开始学英语。（3）二者可以转换二者可以转换 for + 一段时间一段时间 = since + 一段时间一段时间 + ago He has been here for five weeks.= He has been here since five weeks ago. 他到这儿已经有五个星期了。他到这儿已经有五个星期了。如：如：He has taught here since he came to China.自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。We have been friends since we met in school.我们从在学校见面起就成为了好朋友。我们从在学校见面起就成为了好朋友。(4) since能引导时间状语从句能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时成时，从句用一般过去时)，而，而for则不能。则不能。（5）现在完成时常用句型：现在完成时常用句型：It is (has been) +时间段时间段+ since +时间状语或时间状语或从句从句It is four days since last Friday.从上周五到现在已经四天了。从上周五到现在已经四天了。It has been two years since Jim came to Beijing.吉姆来北京已经两年了。吉姆来北京已经两年了。This is the first (second) time that + 从句从句 句型中的句型中的that从句通常使用现在完成时。从句通常使用现在完成时。如如：This is the first time that Jenny and Danny have been to China.这是珍妮和丹妮第一次来屮国。这是珍妮和丹妮第一次来屮国。This is the third time that I have seen Karen.这是我第三次见到这是我第三次见到Karen。（6）均须与延续性动词连用，也可以与非延均须与延续性动词连用，也可以与非延 续性动词的否定式连用。续性动词的否定式连用。如如:I have bought this computer since four years ago. ()I have had this computer since four years ago. ()I havent bought anything for two months.( )I havent heard from him for 3 weeks. ()实义动词分为实义动词分为: 1) 瞬间动词瞬间动词 2)延续动词延续动词 瞬间动词瞬间动词joinbegin/startborrowfinish/endarrive/comeleavediebuy瞬间动词瞬间动词持续动作状态持续动作状态die be over leaveborrow/buy arrive begin end/finish join marrykept/had be away be in be on(上演）上演） be married be in be dead含有含有forfor、since since 的现在完成时，要是有瞬间动词的现在完成时，要是有瞬间动词，要把它变成要把它变成持续动作状态持续动作状态非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换leave be away borrow keepbuy have begin/start be ondie be dead finish - be overopen sth keep sth open fall ill be ill get upbe up, come here be here,join be on +组织机构组织机构 /be a member of + 组织机构组织机构,go there be there, become be, come backbe back, fall asleep be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach be (in), leave be away from, get to know know, go (get) out tie out， put onwear, catch a cold have a cold, get marriedbe married 等。等。1.1.他的爷爷已经去世他的爷爷已经去世2 2年了。年了。 2.2.Nick Nick 参军参军3 3年了年了. .3.3. 他离开深圳好长时间了。他离开深圳好长时间了。4.4.这本书我已借了这本书我已借了4 4个月了个月了. . His grandpa has died for 2 years. Nick has joined the army for 3 years. He has left Shenzhen for a long time. I have borrowed the book for 4 months. XXXX注意注意: 瞬间动词瞬间动词不能不能和时间段连用和时间段连用. has been dead for 2 years. has been in the army for 3 years. has been away from Shenzhen for a long time.have kept the book for 4 months.1.他的爷爷已经去世他的爷爷已经去世2年了。年了。 2. Nick 参军参军3年了年了.3. 他离开深圳好长时间了。他离开深圳好长时间了。4. 这本书我已借了这本书我已借了4个月了个月了. His grandpa has been dead for 2 years. Nick has been in the army for 3 years. He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time. I have kept the book for 4 months. （7）二者引出的时间状语往往用二者引出的时间状语往往用 how long提问。提问。How long have you had this book? 这本书你买多久了这本书你买多久了?For a week./Since a week ago. 买一周了。买一周了。How long have you had your bike?Ive had it for about two years.1.How long have you studied at this school?2.How long have you studied English?3.How long have you known your best friend?4. How long have you lived in this place5. How long have you used this book?1. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions.2. Complete the questionnaire about healthy living. Use since or for where necessary. Healthy Living Questionnaire1.What kind of exercise do you do? _2. How long have you done this kind of exercise? _ _I walk to school and I play football.I have walked to school since I was six and I have played football for three years.3. Do you play in a school sports team? _4. If yes, how long have you played in the team? _ _5. Do you have a healthy diet? _6. If yes, when did you start having a healthy diet? _ _Yes, I do.I have played in the school football team for a year.Yes, I do.I have had a healthy diet for years since I was little.1 I fell ill two days ago. So youve _ ill for two days? Thats right.2 I saw the doctor three days ago. So you havent _ her in the last three days?3. Complete the sentences.beenseen3 Ill walk to school for the first time tomorrow. So youve never _ to school before?4 I came into hospital two days ago. So youve already _ in hospital for two days?5 How long _ you _ a headache? Oh, it began about two hours ago.walkedbeenhave had For a long time John did not feel (1) _. He often had (2) _ and colds. He went to see a doctor. The doctor told him to take more (3) _ and stop eating (4)_ . 4. Complete the passage with the words and expressions in the box.cold coughs exercise fast food stomach ache weak wellwellcoughs exercisefast food So he started riding a bike to school. At first, he felt tired and (5)_ . Then he got fitter and started enjoying it. Since he started riding a bike, he has not had a(n) (6) _ and he has not had a(n) (7) _ since he stopped eating fast food.weak coldstomach ache Doctor: (1)_ Bill: Well, Ive got a pain in my back.Doctor: (2) _ Bill: For about two weeks.5. Complete the conversation with the sentences in the box.Can I help you? How long have you been like this? Thats it. Whats wrong with me?Can I help you? How long have you been like this? Doctor: Let me have a look. Where do you work? Bill: I work in an office.Doctor: Do you play computer games? Bill: Yes, a lot. I usually play computer games late at night.Doctor: (3) _ Bill: (4) _Thats it. Whats wrong with me?Doctor: Well, you spend too much time in front of the computer. Bill: What can I do?Doctor: Stand up and do some exercise from time to time. Dont play computer games too much.Now work in pairs. Read out the conversation.What can I do? I would like to take more exercise, but I have not found a favourite sport. The coach has not chosen me to play in the football team because I am not fit, and I am not a good player. I went running in the park to get fit, but I felt lonely and sad. What can I do? Alan6. Read the passage and match the problems with the advice. I went to school by bus in the past, and I did not feel fit. So last month I decided to take more exercise and started walking to school. I have walked to school for three weeks now. I am getting a lot fitter and I feel healthier. The problem is, all my friends take the bus to school and I do not have anyone to talk with on the way! What can I do? Barbara I love playing computer games with my friends. I also watch TV and eat fast food. I know it is not healthy and sometimes I get a stomachache. The problem is, I do not know how to stop and become fitter and healthier. I do not want to spend all my life sitting in a chair. What can I do? JohnHave you tried this?a)Walking has helped you get fitter, so why not ask a friend to walk to school with you? b) How about asking a friend to go running with you? Have you practised to improve your football skills?Work in pairs. Do you have similar problems? Talk about your advice.c) Why not turn off the computer and TV and join a sports club? Go with your friends so that you will still spend time together. And how about choosing some healthy food to eat?Alan b; Barbara a ; John cThe man feels (1)_. He is hot and (2)_ . He has been like this for about (3) _. He has got a temperature and a (4)_ but has not got a (5)_ or a cough. The doctor suggests he should(6) _ and take the medicine (7)_ a day. And he should (8) _ until he feels better.7. Listen and complete the passage. awful very tired three days headache stomach ache drink more water three times stay in bed Man: Good morning, Doctor.Doctor: Hello. How can I help you? Man: I feel awful. I feel hot and Im very tired.Doctor: How long have you felt like this? Man: For about three days.Doctor: Ill take your temperature. Oh, your temperature is quite high. Ill just check your heart. all right, that sounds OK. Have you got a headache or a stomach ache?Tapescript Man: Ive got a headache all the time. But I dont have a stomach ache.Doctor: Have you got a cough? Man: No. Whats the matter with me?Doctor: I dont think its serious. Its probably just a cold. You should drink more water, and take this medicine three times a day. Man: OK. Can I go to work today?Doctor: No, I think youd better stay in bed until you feel better. Man: Thank you, doctor.The World Health Organization (WHO) was set up in 1948 to help ordinary people all over the world, especially in developing countries. The World Health OrganizationIt cures, prevents and controls serious diseases such as malaria, and educates people about how to protect their health. The WHO has helped millions of people by training doctors and nurses, and by teaching mothers how to take better care of their children.8. Work in groups. Do a survey to find what exercise your group members do and the effects.Doing a survey to find the most suitable exerciseWhat exercise do you often do?When did you begin doing it?How often do you do it?Is it good for you?How do you feel after you do the exercise?9. Decide what exercise is the most suitable for you.10. Talk about your decision and your reasons with the rest of the class.1.We have worked in this company since we _to this city. A. move B. have moved C. moved D. are moving2. _have you stayed in the garden? A. How often B. How long C. How far D. How manyExerciseCB一、一、单项单项选择题。选择题。3. He has taught at this school _2005. A. since B. in C. forD. on4. The dog _for seven days. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. dies5. Lucy _ after her grandma since two years ago. A. looks B. looked C. will look D. has lookedACD1.I have been here _five months ago.2. He has been a soldier _ about two months.3. Great changes have taken place _ you left.4. His grandpa has been dead _ ten years.5. I have studied English _ I was 12 years old.6. It is two years _ I became a postgraduate student.sinceforsinceforsincesince二、二、选择选择for或或since填空：填空：1.Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago. _2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago._ 三、三、Rewrite the sentences using for or since.Jim has been in Japan for three days.They are very hungry because they havent had their meal for ten hours.3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009. _4. I know Anna. I first met her three years ago. _5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday. _I have had a camera since 2009.I have known Anna for three years .Linda has been ill since Monday .HomeworkTry your best to master what you have learned in this module and preview the next module.