初中英语试讲-定语从句-陈佳曼ppt课件.pptx

汇报人：小曼老师初中英语语法知识点：定语从句定语从句的定义及构成关系代词的用法及特殊用法关系副词的用法及特殊用法限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句区分什么是定语从句？-修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子，被修饰的名词，词组或者代词即为先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。结构：先行词+ +关系词+ +句子ep: ep: The man The man whowho lives next to us lives next to us is a policeman.is a policeman.温故而知新定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。主要有形容词，此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。汉语中常用“.的”来翻译。关系词：关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句中的一个成分，当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。关系代词的选定：主要看关系词在从句中充当的句子成分。指物：that，which（主/宾格）指人：who（主/宾格） that （主/宾格） ，whom（宾格），whose（定语）关系副词：when（指时间），where（指地点），why（指原由） 关系词：关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose，as关系副词：when，where，why关系代词who/that/whom/which/whose/aswho/that/whom/which/whose/as关系代词that，which引导的定语从句：如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系词用that，which（做主语或宾语）Which/that 作主语。（不能省） This is a dreama dream The dream The dream will never come ture This is a dream dream which/thatwhich/that will never come ture. The dog The dog has been found The dog The dog was lost. The dogdog whichwhich was lost has been found.Ptactise:1.This is the house which is for sale2.The book which is lving on the floor is mine.关系代词that，which引导的定语从句：如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系词用that，which（做主语或宾语）Which/that 作宾语。（可省略） This is the cardthe card. I have just received the cardthe card. This is the card the card which/thatwhich/that I have just received. I lost the watchthe watch. My father bought me the watchthe watch. I lost the watch the watch which/thatwhich/that my father bought me. Ptactise:1.This is the the mistake that I always make.2.I still keep the letters which she wrote to me.关系代词who，that，whom引导的定语从句：如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系词用who，that（做主语或宾语），whom（作宾语）Who/that 作主语。（不能省） This is the film starthe film star. . The film star The film star is very popular in China. This is the film starthe film star who/that is very popular in ChinaPtactise:1.The boy who broke the window is called Roy.2.Do you know the man who s p o k e a t t h e m e e t i n g yesterday? 关系代词who，that，whom引导的定语从句：如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系词用who，that（做主语或宾语），whom（作宾语）Who/that/whom 作宾语。（可省略） The man The man is a famous writer. . He described the man the man just now. T h e m a n T h e m a n (who/whom/that) he described just now is a famous writer.Ptactise:1.The boy who/whom I am looking for is my friend.2.The thief whom the police caught last night has been sent to prison. 关系代词as、which引导的非限制性定语从句的差别：由as , which 引导的非限制性定语从句，as和which 可代整个主句，相当于and this 或and that。As 一般放在句首，which在句中。As we know ,somking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.1.As1.As可引导非限制性定语从句，带有正如的意思。可引导非限制性定语从句，带有正如的意思。2.As2.As的用法的用法the same as ;suchas the same as ;suchas 中的中的asas是一种固定结构，和是一种固定结构，和.一样一样3.3.非限制性定语从句中出现非限制性定语从句中出现expect expect ，thinkthink，supposesuppose等表猜测、想象、预料等时，只用等表猜测、想象、预料等时，只用asasI should like to use the same tool as is used here.I should like to use the same tool as is used here.We should have such a dictionary as he is using.We should have such a dictionary as he is using.She succeeded in her doing the research work ,as we expected.She succeeded in her doing the research work ,as we expected.小结1.That 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。2.Which 指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。3.Who - 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略，（常用whom）4.课件中讲到的作主语或宾语，是指在定语从句中。5.当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词形式先行词确定；有时只能用thatthat，不用whichwhich，常见的情况有六种：1.当先行词词是any，all，few，little，none，anything，everything，nothing，everybody，nobody，everything，nothing，everybody，nobody，everybody，no one或被它们修饰时。That is allall that I know.Is there that I can do for you?He answered fewfew questions that the teacher asked.2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时That is the most the most interesting book that I have.The first The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.3.当先行词有the very，the only，the same等修饰词时。That is the only the only thing that I can do now.These are the very the very words that he used.4.当主句以who 或which开头时，定语从句的关系词用that，不用which或who Who is the girl that spoke to you just now？有时只能用whowho，不用thatthat，常见的情况有六种：1.在引导非限制性定语从句时，（错）The tree，that is four hundred years old,is very famous here.2.介词后不能用，（正）We depend on the land from which we get our food.3.多用who的情况a.关系代词在从句中作主语：A friend who helps you in time of need is real friend.b.先行词为those,people时:Those who were either fools or unfit for there offices could not see the cloth.c.先行词为all,anyone,ones one指人时:One who does not work hard will never succeed in his work.d.There be句型中:There is a stranger who wants to see you.e.在被分隔的定语从句中: A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.f.在两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that，但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。Exercise 1:Exercise 1:用关系代词填空1.The boy （ who ） is playing basketball is my classmate.2.The e-mail ( which）I received yesterday was from my sister.3.I hate people ( who/that )talk much but do little.4.I have never heard of the people and things ( which/that) you talked about just now.5.The car ( that ) my father bought last month is very beautiful.6.The man ( whose ) hair is white is his grandfather.7.Is there a student ( whose ) father is a business man.8.This is the house in ( which ) we have lived for 10 years关系副词when/where/whywhen/where/whyWhen作时间状语：when=介词+which注意：1.非限制定语从句中，“介词+which”结构不能替代关系副词。 She will never forget the daythe day. She was married on that dayon that day. She will never forget the the day day when(=on which) she was married.Ptactise:That was a forgotten moment when I met her in the garden.Where作地点状语：when=介词+which注意：1.非限制定语从句中，“介词+which”结构不能替代关系副词。 I want to know the place. I was born there. I want to know the place where(=in which) I was born.Ptactise:The table where she is sitting is a new one.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区分区分要点1.形式不同 定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。 2.功能不同 限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。如：People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整) 。区分要点3 翻译不同 在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如：He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 Ive invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。 4 含义不同比较下面的两个句子：I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐) 5 关系词不同关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略(参见本章有关内容)，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。区分要点6 先行词不同限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。如：Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。 (which指drive too fast) He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句) Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰) Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)Exercise:Exercise:1.Theplace_interestedmemostwastheChildrensPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed4.Doyouknowtheyear_theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich5.Thatistheday_Illneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when6.Theletterisfrommysister,_isworkinginBeijing.A.which B.that C.whom D.who7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_weareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there