句子成分讲解及练习ppt课件.ppt

根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。其中，主语和谓语是句子的主要成分，一般情况下，一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。如：He cries . She runs.1. 主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。如：Its getting cold. 天冷起来了。Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。 2. 谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。如： Mother bought me a VCR. 妈给我买了一台录像机。 We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。3. 表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。如：Be careful! 小心!He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。His job is looking after sheep. 他的任务是看羊。4. 宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。如：He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。 5. 宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。如： He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。 Ive never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。 I found it difficult to refuse him. 我感到很难拒绝他。6. 定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明，一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当，位置可在所修饰的词之前，也可在所修饰的词之后(详见形容词一章)。如：Its an interesting story. 那是一个有趣的故事。Do you have time to help us? 你有时间帮助我们吗?Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁? 7. 状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等，一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。如： We like English very much. 我们非常喜欢英语。 Her uncle lives in Canada. 她叔叔住在加拿大。 She was lying in bed reading. 她躺在床上看书。 United we stand, divided we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。 8. 同位语：若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且，句法功能也一样，那么，后一项称为前一项的同位语。如： This is my friend Harry. 这是我的朋友哈利。 We students should study hard. 我们学生应该努力学习。 9. 独立成分：与句子其他成分没有通常的语法关系，如插入语、感叹语、呼语等，一般用逗号将它与句子隔开。如： Hes a nice person, to be sure. 肯定他是一个好人。 Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all. 说也奇怪，考试他竟然通过了。练习一 用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（）、谓语（）、宾语（）： I hope you are very well. Im fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesnt often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.