初中英语现在完成时课件ppt.ppt

GrammarTravelling is fun for me.I have been to I have visitedTiananmen SquareI have stayed in Beijing for 2 weeks. I I have been to have been to the Great wall and the Forbidden City.the Great wall and the Forbidden City. I I have visited have visited the Summer Palace and the Temple of the Summer Palace and the Temple of Heaven.Heaven. I I have stayedhave stayed in Beijing for 2 weeks. in Beijing for 2 weeks.To CompareShe did homework yesterday.(she doesnt need to do her homework now.)She has already done her homework. do/ does - did- doneShe had her breakfast just now.她刚才吃了早饭。她刚才吃了早饭。(She is not hungry now.她现在不饿。她现在不饿。)She has just had her breakfast.她刚吃过早饭她刚吃过早饭。 To Compare have/ has - had- hadTo CompareThe elephant helped me a lot a moment ago. ( I can drive my car now.) The elephant has just helped me a lot. help- helpedI didnt sing an English song in the singing competition last week.（I still remember the thing now.）I havent sung an English song in the singing competition yet.To Compare sing- sang- sungWe began to study here last year. (We still study here now.) We have studied here for more than one year. study- studiedHe began to be interested in playing computer games when he was born. (He is still interested in it now.) He has been interested in playing computer games since he was born.be- was/were- been1.现在完成时的概念1）表示）表示过去发生过去发生或或已完成已完成的动作的动作对现在对现在造成的影造成的影响或结果；响或结果；2） 表示过去已经开始并表示过去已经开始并一直持续一直持续到现在的动作或到现在的动作或状态。状态。 E.g. He has learned English since 2001.pastnowfuture现在完成时现在完成时一般过去式一般过去式现在进行时现在进行时一般将来时一般将来时 learn - learnt/learned- learnt/ learned be - was/were- been introduce - introduced have / has - had- had make - made- made eat- ate - eaten see- saw- seencome- came - come build - built - builtbreak-broke-broken lose - lost - lost read read - readtake - took-takenlive - lived plant - plantedknow - knew- known sing- sang- sung study - studiedhelp - helped do/ does - did- doneplan - planned Ready? 规则动词过去式、过去分词变化规则：规则动词过去式、过去分词变化规则： workworked,worked1）一般在动词词尾加）一般在动词词尾加ed。 change - changed, changed2）如果动词以字母）如果动词以字母e结尾，直接在词尾加结尾，直接在词尾加d。 plan- planned, planned3）如果动词是一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节）如果动词是一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节 单词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加单词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加ed。carry-carried, carried 4）如果动词是以辅音字母加）如果动词是以辅音字母加y结尾，要变结尾，要变y为为i 再再加加ed。 不规则动词：不规则动词：一、一、 原形、过去式和过去分词相同的动词原形、过去式和过去分词相同的动词（A、A、A型）型） cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt let let let put put put read read read2.（A、B、B型）型）bring-brought -brought buy boughtbought meet metmet build - built built catch - caught-caught feel felt felt find found found keep kept kept leave left left make made - made3.（A、B、A型）型）becomebecamebecome comecamecome runranrun4.（A、A、B型）型）beatbeatbeaten 5）（）（A、B、C型）型） beginbeganbegun blowblewblown breakbrokebroken do/ does did done drink drank drunk eat ate- eaten fall - fell fallen give - gave given go went gone know knew known write- wrote - wirrten学案学案Write down past tense and past participle of the following verbs. （写出下例动词的过去时和过去分词）（写出下例动词的过去时和过去分词） work rain love change stop plan drop study carry read teach see feel build leave think write do worked worked rained rained loved loved changed changed stopped stopped planned planned dropped dropped studied studied carried carried read read taught taught saw seen felt felt built built thought thought wrote written did done left leftI have eaten lunch.She has eaten lunch.He has eaten breakfast.肯定句肯定句:主语主语+have/ has done +宾语宾语+其他。其他。They have eaten supper .我已经吃了午饭。我已经吃了午饭。( eat-ate-eaten)她已经吃了午饭。她已经吃了午饭。( eat-ate-eaten)他已经吃了早饭。他已经吃了早饭。( eat-ate-eaten)他们已经吃了晚饭。他们已经吃了晚饭。( eat-ate-eaten)I have not (=havent) seen the film. She has not (=hasnt) seen the film.I havent eaten supper. He hasnt changed his idea. My mother hasnt come back home.否定句否定句:主语主语+have not (havent) +done+宾语宾语+其他。其他。三单主语三单主语+has not (hasnt) +done+宾语宾语+其他。其他。我没有看过这部电影。我没有看过这部电影。( see-saw-seen)她没有看过这部电影。她没有看过这部电影。( see-saw-seen)我还没有吃晚饭。我还没有吃晚饭。( eat-ate-eaten)他还没有改变他的主意。他还没有改变他的主意。( change-changed)我妈妈还没有回来。我妈妈还没有回来。(come-came - come)1. Ive already had dinner. I _ _ dinner _.2. He has just finished his homework. He _ _ his homework _.3. Mums cooked the dinner. Mum _ _ the dinner.4. Susans learned English at school. Susan _ _ English at school.haventhadyethasnt finishedyethasnt cookedhasnt learned把下列句子改为否定句把下列句子改为否定句Have you had breakfast? No, I havent.Have you known Sandy for a long time?Yes, I have.Has she eaten anything since 9:00 a.m?No, she hasnt. 一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Have/has +主语主语+过去分词过去分词 +宾语宾语+其他？其他？回答：回答： Yes,主语主语+have / has. No, 主语主语+havent / hasnt.你吃早饭了吗？不，没有。你吃早饭了吗？不，没有。(have-had-had)你认识你认识Sandy很长时间了吗？很长时间了吗？是的。是的。( know- knew- known)自早上九点钟以来她吃过东西了吗？自早上九点钟以来她吃过东西了吗？不，她没有。不，她没有。(eat-ate- eaten )1. Ive y had dinner. 2. He has finished his homework. 3. Mums cooked the dinner.4. Susans learned English at school.Have you had dinner yet ?Has he finished his homework yet?Has mum cooked the dinner? Has Susan learned English at school?把下列句子改为一般疑问句把下列句子改为一般疑问句Ive = I haveMums = Mum hasSusans = Susan hasLets read them! I have seen Avatar.Have you ever seen a sign like this ? I have never seen a kangaroo. How long have you studied in Huangguang Middle School Guangzhou Branch?肯定句肯定句否定句否定句一般疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑句特殊疑句现在完成时的代言词：现在完成时的代言词：1. already（已经已经）/just（刚刚刚刚）：用于用于肯定肯定句中句中2. yet（还还）: 用于用于否定句和疑问句否定句和疑问句句尾句尾3. ever（曾经曾经）：用于：用于疑问和否定疑问和否定句中。句中。4. never（从不从不）: 表示表示否定否定以前（before）从来不（never）出现， 最近（recently）曾经（ever）一两遍（once/twice/many times）, 自从（since+时间点）刚刚（just）for一段（for+一段），至今（so far/up to now）已经（already/yet）很明显。 二、用法二、用法 1、表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果、表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 -Would you like some bread? -No, thanks. I have just had my breakfast. (对现在的影响：不饿对现在的影响：不饿) 常与副词常与副词 just（刚刚）（刚刚）, already, before, yet（一般（一般 疑问：已经；否定句：还疑问：已经；否定句：还), never, ever等连用。等连用。 I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just finished my homework. He has not come yet. 常用于现在完成时的时间副词常用于现在完成时的时间副词,介词介词:already (已经): 用于肯定句I have already posted the letter .yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasnt done his homework yet.just(刚刚) They have just left. ever(曾经) Have you ever been to Beijing ?never(从不) I have never seen him .before(以前) Have you seen the film before?since(自从以来) Ive worked in the school since 1999.for(长达) Hes lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.in the past several days / weeks/ years(在过去的)recently(最近) I have not written to my parents recently.so far(到目前为止) So far she has learned 5 English songs.up to now(到目前为止)this morning/month/year(今天早上/这个月/今年) 2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态， 也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态。通常和也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态。通常和 for（一段时间）（一段时间）, since（时间点）（时间点） 引导的时间状语引导的时间状语 连用。此外还可以与连用。此外还可以与 so far, in the last ten years, by now, these days等连用。等连用。 I have been here for about 5 years. He has worked here since 1989. I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago. They have lived here since 1990. Great changes have taken place in the last 10 years._three hours_three oclock_two days_yesterday afternoon_I came here_last Sunday_a week_a long time_1997 _two weeks_three years ago _ last monthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince 用所给动词的适当形式填空。用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.I (teach)Enghish in this school since 1997. 2.Lilei (keep) the library book for five days. 3.Kate (see) her grandmothers photo before.4. So far ,we (build) thousands of Buildings in Fuzhou. 5. I ( be) to Beijing already. have built have been has kept have taught has seen 注意点一注意点一:since 的用法的用法1. +具体的过去时间具体的过去时间 since 2008 since since last Sunday +ago since two years ago +句子句子(过去时过去时)2. It is /has been +一段时间一段时间 + since 从从句句.(自从某事发生已有一段时间了自从某事发生已有一段时间了. )It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 注意点二：短暂性动词与现在完成时注意点二：短暂性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与表示时间段短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与表示时间段的短语连用。这些动词是：的短语连用。这些动词是： buy , borrow ,become, begin, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry等等。为了表述相同的意思，为了表述相同的意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等来代替短等来代替短暂性动词。如：暂性动词。如：我买这个手机有三年了。我买这个手机有三年了。 I bought the cellphone 3 years ago.I have had the cellphone for 3 years .have methave playedhas cookedhave studiedhave seenhavent visitedhavent done用法小窍门：用法小窍门：描述过去的动作，若句中有描述过去的动作，若句中有yesterday , last week, three days ago, in 1996等等过去时间就过去时间就用一般过去时用一般过去时。若若 没没有有现在完成时现在完成时。所以。所以When问句不能用现在完成时问句不能用现在完成时。 A：Have you finished your homework yet? B: Yes, I have. A: When did you finish it? B: Yesterday evening. 二、用never, ever, already, just, yet, for填空：1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”neveralready/justforeverneveryetjust/alreayalready(已经已经) 肯中肯中yet(已经已经) 问否尾问否尾just(刚刚刚刚)肯中肯中ever(曾经曾经)问中问中 never（从不）（从不）1)We have lived here _ 2001.2) I have been a teacher _ ten months.3) They have known each other _more than five years.4) I have been at this school _ sixyears ago.5) She has sent some information to Tom_ Tom went to school.6) I will stay in the hotel _ a week. since for for since since forFill in the sentences with for or since. for+ 时间时间 ，since+过去时间，过去时间，since+过去句子过去句子Sentence Pattern 句式句式So far we have planted many trees.He has just come back. They have already built many buildings in this city.Someone has just broken the window. I have already lost the key. I havent read that book yet . 现在完成时的现在完成时的用法用法:翻译大比拼翻译大比拼11. 到目前为止到目前为止我们已经植了很多树。我们已经植了很多树。（planted)2. 他他刚刚刚刚回来。回来。(come-came-come)3. 他们他们已经已经在这个城市建了很多楼。在这个城市建了很多楼。(build-built-built)4. 有人有人刚刚刚刚打破了窗户。打破了窗户。(break-broke-broken)5. 我我已经已经丢了钥匙。丢了钥匙。( lose-lost-lost）6. 我我还还没有读那本书。没有读那本书。(read-read-read) She has learned English for 5 years. We havent seen each other for a long time. She has been here since 1989. I have been here since five months ago. Great changes have taken place since you left. He has lived in Beijing since he was born .现在完成时的现在完成时的用法用法:翻译大比拼翻译大比拼21. 他学英语已经学了他学英语已经学了5年了年了。(learn-learnt-learnt)2. 我们我们很长时间很长时间没相互见面了。没相互见面了。(see-saw-seen)3. 自从自从1989年以来年以来她就在这。她就在这。(be-was/were -been)4. 自从自从5个月前个月前我就在这。我就在这。(be-was/were -been)5. 自从你离开以来自从你离开以来就发生了很大的变化。就发生了很大的变化。(take-took-taken)6. 自从他出生以来自从他出生以来他就生活在北京。他就生活在北京。(live-lived)过去分词的构成过去分词的构成have been 与与have gone 的用法比较的用法比较 have been to 意思是意思是“到过，去过到过，去过”，表示，表示曾曾经到过某处经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已经去了已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某处一段时间了呆在某处一段时间了”上一页下一页主菜单比较have been to/in和have gone toHe has gone to Shanghai.他他(已经已经)去上海了。去上海了。He has been to Shanghai.他他(曾经曾经) 去过上海。去过上海。（他可能在去（他可能在去上海上海的路上，或是已到的路上，或是已到上海上海，反正，反正人现在不在说话现场）人现在不在说话现场）（他现在已经不在（他现在已经不在上海上海了）了）He has been in Shanghai for many years.他在上海很多年了。他在上海很多年了。（他现在在（他现在在上海或许将来还在上海或许将来还在）have / has been (to) have / has gone (to)-1. - Where is your father? - He isnt here now. He _ _ to work.2. - Have you travelled abroad? - Yes, I _ _ to America twice. has gonehave been用用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空1.Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.2.Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.3._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.4.Where _ you _ these days?5.Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days.6.Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.7.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一页上一页主菜单Further study 1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 2. Nick 参军3年了.3. 他离开深圳好长时间了。4. 这本书我已借了4个月了. His grandpa has died for 2 years. Nick has joined the army for 3 years. He has left Shenzhen for along time. I have borrowed the book for 4 months. XXXX实义动词分为: 1) 瞬间动词 (die, join, leave, borrow等) 2)延续动词 (wait, know , learn 等)注意注意: 瞬间动词不能和时间段连用瞬间动词不能和时间段连用. 当句子包含的时间状语含有当句子包含的时间状语含有sincesince和和forfor时，动时，动作必须用作必须用延续性动词延续性动词。I have bought the book for a week.I have had the book for a week.buy是短暂性动词have是延续性动词非延续性动词又叫非延续性动词又叫终止性动词终止性动词或或瞬间动词瞬间动词- -不能和一段时间连用不能和一段时间连用延续性动词延续性动词-可以和一段时间连用可以和一段时间连用They have come here for two days.They have been here for two days. be是延续性动词come是短暂性动词 实义动词分为: 1) 瞬间动词 2)延续动词 瞬间动词瞬间动词joinbegin/startborrowfinish/endarrive/comeleavediebuy注意注意: 瞬间动词不能和瞬间动词不能和时间段时间段连用连用. 短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换come/go be (in) leave be away (from)borrow keep buy havedie be dead get to know know begin be on go out be offgo out be off arrive be here/there marry/get married -be married catch a cold - have a coldfall asleep/get to sleep be asleepjoin the Party be in the Party/be a member ofmethod 2: It is + 时间段 since +一般过去时的句子.1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 2. Nick 参军3年了.3. 他离开深圳好长时间了。4. 这本书我已借了4个月了. It is 2 years since his grandpa died. It is 3 years since Nick joined the army. It is a long time since he left Shenzhen. It is 4 months since I borrowed the book . ( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )I have bought a new dictionary for a week. I have had a new dictionary for a week.我买一本新词典已有一星期了。我买一本新词典已有一星期了。They have come here for two days.They have been here for two days.他们来这儿已经两天了。他们来这儿已经两天了。He has joined the League member for two years.He has been a League member for two years.他已入团两年了。他已入团两年了。The man has been dead for several years.The man has died for several years.这个人已经去世好几年了。这个人已经去世好几年了。练一练1.I have borrowed the book for 2 weeks. ( )2.The film has begun for 5 minutes.( )A B CA B CB kept B been on3. 这辆自行车我买了两年了。这辆自行车我买了两年了。 Ive _ the bike _ two years.4. He left Nanjing two years ago. He _ _ _ _ Nanjing for two years.5. The monkey died last month. The monkey _ _ _ for a month.had forhas been away fromhas been dead注意点三：注意点三：现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在，甚至现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在，甚至会继续下去，或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；会继续下去，或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于时属于现在现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。间状语连用。 如：如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等等 。牢记牢记: when 不与现在完成时连用。不与现在完成时连用。Put the following sentences into English.1. A: 火车已经开走了。火车已经开走了。 B: 什么时候开走的什么时候开走的? A: 半个小时之前开走的。半个小时之前开走的。2. A: 你看过这部电影吗你看过这部电影吗? B: 看过。看过。 A: 什么时候看的？什么时候看的？ B: 上周星期天看的。上周星期天看的。 A: The train has left. B: When did it leave？ A: It left half an hour ago.A: Have you seen the film?B: Yes, I have.A: When did you see it?B: I saw it last Sunday.试比较：试比较：Choose the best answer1 What a nice watch ！How long _ you _ it？ Just three weeks A will，buy B did，buy C have ，had2 you _in Greener China for a long time？ Yes，I joined it five years ago A Have，been B Has ，joined C Have ，joined3 Teacher Li Japan，he_ Japan for two years. A has been to，has been to B has gone to ，has been in C has gone to ，has been to 4 The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer for half an hour A has left B has been away C has gone away5 I this book for two days ，I have to return it now A borrowed B have borrowed C have kept （C）（A）（B）（B）（C）6-When you your old friend? -The day before yesterday.A will,visit B did ,visit C have ,visited7 Mrs White _ in this school since she came here. A teaches B taught C has taught8 No children_ football in the street since a car hit a boy last Sunday.A have played B played C playing9 -Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh,not at all,I _ her