英语语言学流派简介ppt课件.ppt

Theories and Schools of LinguisticsAn IntroductionIntroduction: Language and LinguisticsLanguage:Language is an open system of highly polysemous articulated signs to express meanings. -SaussureLanguage is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions, and desires by means of a system of voluntarily produced symbols. -SapirIntroduction: Language and LinguisticsFrom now on I will consider a language to be a set (finite or infinite) of sentences, each finite in length and constructed out of a finite set of elements. -Chomskylanguage is human vocal noise (or the graphic representation of this noise in writing) used systematically and conventionally by a community for purposes of communication. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.Design features of languageArbitrarinessduality Creativity DisplacementIntroduction: Language and LinguisticsLinguistics: Linguistics is a scientific study of language. It is a major branch of social science.Linguistics used to be studied under the discipline of anthropology, sociology and psychology.It is Saussure who separate linguistics from other disciplines.Is Linguistic a science?1. Linguists agree that linguistics is empirical rather than speculative or intuitive: it operates with publicly verifiable data obtained by means of observation or experiment2. Linguistics is still in its early stage.3. Every discipline has its own technical terminology4. It has its own principle: systematicity, exhaustiveness, objectivity, consistency, economyBranches of linguistics1.General Vs. Descriptive Linguistics2.Theoretical Vs. Applied linguistics3.Diachronic Vs. Synchronic Linguistics4.Micro- Vs. Macro- linguisticsMain Contents of the Course1.Linguistics before 18th century2.The 19th century linguistics3.The beginning of modern linguistics4.American Descriptive &Structuralist Linguistics5.Chomsky and TG Grammar6.Early Functionalist Linguistics Theories7.Halliday and Systemic-Functional Grammar8.Linguistic Theories in the Latter Half of the 20th Century