2019通用考博英语写作课程讲义.docx

词汇考博通用考博写作英语写作简介六字方针：少出错，多出彩cameravideoan increasing number ofdigital products have gained increasing popularityinput 语言材料的输入随着现代科技的发展，我们生活中出现了越来越多的数码产品。With the development of the modern society, more and more digital tools have appeared in our life.写作类型一、阐述观点型（一）对立观点型 1Should College Students Be Allowed to Get Married?（二）单一观点型 1Imported Products二、陈述利弊型 1What Kind of Role Should Examination Play in Education?三、解决问题型 1Say No to Fake Medicine四、谚语警句型 1Haste Makes Waste五、图表图画型（一）图表题 2Changes in the Ownership of Houses in China (a)（二）图画题 1On Supporting the Old六、书信型七、读后感型 1The Goal of Life八、文章摘要型九、其他写作基础单词balcony 包厢背单词的四个方面1、知道读音 phenomenon 现象2、知道词形： 不同词性，名词、动词、形容词 farther further3、知道词义 game observe4、知道词的用法 attach 系 隶属于 attach importance to 重视练习 at least 10考博写作整体介绍出题1、教育科研2、社会生活3、人生哲理形式：九类一、阐述观点型（一）对立观点型（二）单一观点型二、陈述利弊型三、解决问题型四、谚语警句型五、图表图画型六、书信型七、读后感型八、文章摘要型九、其他时间和字数时间：30-40分钟字数：200-300词改卷高分策略1、字迹清楚，段落明朗2、内容完整，紧扣提纲3、首保正确，再求闪光4、先总后分，连词用上（段落） firstly first of all above all in the first place二、关联词1) 表示列举或次序：first, firstly, first of all, above all, to begin with，in the first place, for one thing; second, secondly, in the second place, for another; finally, last but not least2）表示递进：besides,plus,moreover,furthermore,in addition,additionally,more important,most important写作评分写作评分实例Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:1当今社会上存在着很多不诚实的现象。2诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。In our modern social life, there are many examples around us show many people are cheated. Advertisements cheat people, salesmen cheat people, even one's closest friends cheat him or her. So many heartbreaks are heard everyday that we cannot help asking: where is our honest exist?Everybody is taught honest in the primary school or even in the kindergarten. Honesty does good not only to ourselves, but to others as well. If we are honest to others. We will be happier and be in a better mood. Otherwise, we'll feel guilt at last. To a company and its advertisement, honesty will bring it more consumer and more profit. If we cheat others, friends will never believe you and they will leave you alone. To a company, no consumer will buy your product again. So, as the above is said, it pays to be honest. Let's create a morally outstanding social.Although honesty is believed to be a virtue, there are still dishonest people in our society. For example, some businessmen sell fake products to their consumers; some students cheat in the exams.With the development of modern economic and industry, competitive is becoming more and more obvious. At the same time, the performance of dishonest is becoming more and more clearly. Nowadays, there are many dishonest performance in our society. For example, some people found that he saled goods had past the preservation date. Not throw them away, they revised the perservation date, and saled them again after several days. Another case in the point, a pair of shoes was made from goat. However, in order to sale at a high price, the salers would say they were made from cow which has good quality.第二部分 写作常见错误分析（二）动词形式错误1时态错误 Many people thought that the Internet will be more useful in the future.3单复数错误 1）Wise man catch opportunities rather than wait for them. 2）Someone are afraid that computer may control men in the future. 3）His brothers or he were to blame. 4）More than one question were asked. 5）Many a fine man have died in that battle. 单数可数名词通常不可单独存在，要么加限定词，要么变复数电脑很有用。 The computer is very useful.（三）代词错误1）As long as one works hard, you can learn English well. 2）Many people take a holiday to relax yourself. 3）A college student should be able to do their washing by themselves. 4）We can use computers do everything you like. 5）My this letter is about the position you advertised in the newspaper. （四）冠词错误1）Horse is an useful animal. 2）Every morning, many people do exercises in park and open ground. 3）The exam will be held in the December, 2004. 4）The ship is sailing on Pacific Ocean.（五）词性错误1）They are very patient to service us. 2）Before reading my letter, please accept my best wishes for your healthy. 3）If a person wants to success, he must learn to endure sufferings and setbacks. 4）I wish you can consider my suggests. Everybody is taught honest in the primary school or even in the kindergarten. Honesty does good not only to ourselves, but to others as well. If we are honest to others. We will be happier and be in a better mood. Otherwise, we'll feel guilt at last. To a company and its advertisement, honesty will bring it more consumer and more profit. If we cheat others, friends will never believe you and they will leave you alone. To a company, no consumer will buy your product again.Although honesty is believed to be a virtue, there are still dishonest people in our society. For example, some businessmen sell fake product to their consumers; some students cheat in the exam s. Dishonest people are short-sighted. Those who sell fake products may make money at first, but consumers won't buy their products any more. As a result, they will lose their fortune or even be sent to prison. By contrast, honest people gain a lot. Those who always tell truth or keep to their promise not only let others trust them but gain respect from other people as well. Such persons are sure to have a lot of good friends. Because they are trustable and respectable, everyone is eager to make friends with them. Besides, it is easier for a person with a good record to get a good job. Generally speaking, every employer wants his employees to be honest. So we can say that anyone who is honest will be paid back later.高分策略1、字迹清楚，段落明朗2、内容完整，紧扣提纲3、首保正确，再求闪光（用词造句准确多样）4、先总后分，连词用上从句：主语从句宾语从句表语从句定语从句状语从句同位语从句第六部分 英文句子写作练习一、复合句 1将下面每组中的两个句子合并，将其中一个改为主语从句。1)They need more help in English. That is quite obvious.2)She is still alive. That is good news.3)She will come here. It doesn't seem likely.4)We are badly in need of something. It is raw material.3将下面每组中的两个句子合并，将其中一个改为宾语从句，并且用it作形式宾语。1)I was far more intelligent than he was. I always took that for granted.4用“what”从句将下列句子补充完整。1)Could you show me _ (you, write)?2)This is _ (we, should always, keep in mind).3)(they, see)_ in China made a deep impression on them.4)We must not put off till tomorrow _ (we, can, do, today).The doctor thinks that is advisable.5将下面每组中的两个句子合并，将其中一个改为同位语从句。1)He is growing old. Nothing could hide the fact.2)He works hard. The fact does not necessarily mean that he is a competent leader.3)I have a complacent feeling. I feel that I'm highly intelligent.4)He explained that he didn't see the notice. The explanation is unsatisfactory. 6将下面每组中的两个句子合并，将其中一个改为定语从句。1)I have an arrangement with my bank. By the arrangement they let me use their money and repay them next month.2)He sent her a letter. In the letter he said that he was sorry for what he had done to her.3)Mr. Brown just came from Britain yesterday. He will teach us accounting this term.4)She is going to spend the winter holidays in Hainan. She has some relatives there.7将下面每组中的两个句子合并，将其中一个改为状语从句。(as long as, on condition that如果, lest, so.that, such.that, in case万一, as if仿佛, now that既然, whether.or, however无伦如何, )1)You've bought a new car. What are you going to do with the old one?2)We'd better take the telescope with us. Perhaps it is needed.二、复杂的简单句2起伴随或补充说明作用的从句、简单句或并列谓语往往可以改写为“with+名词+分词形容词介词词组”的结构作状语。 1)They wear layers of clothes even in summer time. Newspapers are stuffed between the layers as further protection against bad weather.2)If more people help them, they probably will be able to accomplish the task ahead of time.3)As all his savings were gone, he started to look for a job.5两个句子的主语一致时，其中一个往往可以改写成分词结构作状语。 1)Every one of us had been convinced that the project was feasible by the time we left the meeting.2)As Peter got home from the three-month-long journey to the Antarctic he looked tired out.3)Teenagers are pressured by school work. They are also encouraged by their peers. Under such circumstances, they resort to smoking.4)College students now are primarily interested in grades and economic success. They cheat on exams more frequently. Primarily interested in grades and economic success, college students cheat on exams more frequently.三、省略句英语经常省略与上文相同的内容或虽无其词已有其意的内容。四、倒装句英语的句子在以下几种情况下可以倒装。五、被动句英语中被动句的使用远远多于汉语。以下几种情况英语都用被动语态：(1)不知道动作的执行者；(2)没有必要指出或不想指出动作的执行者；(3)虽然需要同时指出动作的执行者但更强调动作的承受者。将下列句子改为被动形式。1)All people believe that the Internet will play a more important role in the future. It is universally believed that the Internet will play a more important role in the future. We should take effective measures . Effective measures should be taken .4）I heard the wind roar through the trees.七、强调句一、用词准确化二、用词多样化高分策略用词如何准确、多样高分策略字迹清楚，段落明朗 内容完整，紧扣提纲 首保正确，再求闪光 先总后分，连词用上 语言简练，论据得当写作常见错误时态错误单复数错误改正错误方法1.自己改2.对译写作用词练习1Choose the more precise of the two words in brackets and fill in the blank with your choice: 1）The President spoke on radio to the _（country强调地理, land文学, state强调政治、政府政权, nation强调人民）2）Is that _ gentleman sitting on the bench your father? （old贬义, elderly中性）3）Your niece impressed me as sweet and _（childlike褒, childish贬）4）People are serious and _ in religious services（respectable, respectful）5）She _ to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn't feeling well （refused, declined）2Complete the following sentences, using words given below in their proper forms come fall get go后接坏的变化 grow run turn 1）Meat soon _goes_ bad in hot weather8）The recorder isn't working properly. Something must have _gone_ wrong10）When she heard of her daughter's sudden death, the poor old woman _went_ mad11）Last night he _fell_ ill and ran a high fever四种搭配1. 形容词+名词 a sharp increase2. 动词+名词 achieve a goal3. 动词+介词 provide sb with sth deprive sb of sth4. 动词+副词 expand dramatically/drastically用词多样化1） There have been big increases in the price of houses in the past three years4）I think it's a good idea to go to Hainan during the Spring Festivalgood: great/perfect/wonderful/terrific/fantastic/fabulous/marvelous5） As a newborn information delivering system, the Internet has made a lot of information available at our finger's tip6） 三小恶心manybig good7） 四大恶心词汇 think :believeholddeem (argueclaimassertassumecontendmaintai用于三人称)Cause:lead toresult inbring aboutcontribute togrive rise tobe responsible forImportant:essentialvitalcriticalcrucialsignificantof great importanceNecessary:essentialimperativeobligatoryurgent句型如何多样例文评分 How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own viewSome people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. What's more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn't read them. Since we can't read all the books and we shouldn't read bad books, we must read selectivelyBut others may not agree. They emphasize that today's society is not what it was If one man has many kinds of knowledge he'll have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless, Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively（14分） Some people think reading shall be choosed. Because some books are good to hummen beings and some books are harmful to peopleSome people think that men shoud read books widely. Because wide reading can help man get much knowledge. And man can use it to change the world. It is my point that reading must be selectively. Because reading is important to man. Some books can help man but some books can lead some people to crime. It can be seen in the newspapers and watched on TV. We can make full use of some good books and gain more useful knowledge. It can make our life more beauiful. We must give up those unhelpful books. They are not good to us. Reading them is wasting time and money. So reading selectively is an important part in reading（8分）I think reading not only selectively but also extensively. Because the two sides are not contradict. Our time is limited. So we can not read every book in the world. However, we will not be interested in every book. We should read those books may be useful to ours, read those books which we like. But those books which we choose must be extensively so it can give ours all kinds of knowledge, news and so on, it also make ours become a wise man. On the one hand reading selectively let ours not waste our time which it is limitted. Moreover it can emphasis among all books that we can read. On the other hand reading extensively can deal with all kinds of need in our life. They are all useful to ours（5分） Most people thought that read books should have been selectived. But others belived reading extentively was correctionSelective books or reading extensively? Sure, you can choice one from previous ideas, on one hand, There are too book to read for us. We should choose those which we intrested, and it would be helpful for uson another hand. Someone's intresting was wide. Each book could bring you specific contain we couldn't reading at only one levelI confirmed all of these ideas were good but weren't wiseAs a reader, the main task is to discover more and more books the second task is to held some which wonderful and helpful for us. Don't treat these books with rackless abandonThe best technology of reading is connect (2分) When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is betterThose people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad booksBut,