2017年12月英语六级阅读真题及答案解析汇总.doc

英语六级阅读解析 第二套 Section AThe pacific island nation of palau has become home to the sixth largest marine world. the new marine reserve, now the largest in the pacific, will-26- no fishing or mining. Palau also established the world, first shark sanctuary in 2009.The tiny island nation has set aside 500,000 square kilometres-80 percent -of its maritime -27-,Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)for full protection, that's the highest percentage of an-28 -economic zone devoted to remaining 20 percent of the palau seas will be reserved for local fishing by individuals and small-scale- 29- fishing businesses with limited exports."island -30-have been among the hardest hit by the threats facing the ocean, "said president.Tommy remengesau jr in a statement. "creating this sanctuary is a bold move that the people of palau recognise as 31 to our survival. we want to lead the way in restoring the health of the occan for future generationPalau has only been an_ 32 nation for twenty years and has a strong history of environmental protection. it is home to one of the world's finest marine ecosystems, with more than 1,300 species of fish and 700 species of coral.Senator hokkons baules lead 33 of the palau national marine sanctuary act, said the sanctuary will help build a- 34 future for the palauan people by honoring the conservation traditions of our past". these include the centuries-old custom of"", where leaders would call a temporary stop to fishing for key species in order to give fish 35 an opportunity to replenish(补充).解析：英语六级考试阅读第一项是15选10，15选10的题目做题的第一步是将题目中的15个单词进行词性分类，我们按照5类来分，名词，动词，形容词，副词，和分词，因为分词做的成分有很多种，所以我们必须将其单独分成一类，而且分类的内容里面会出现交叉分类，什么意思呢，就是我们俗称叫做一词多性和一词多意，因为有的单词可能有多种词性和词义，我们也最好分门别类的标记一下。以下是我对15个单词词性和词义的划分和添加。A)allocate 动词：分配B) celebrities 名词复数：名人，名声C)commercial 形容词：商业的D)communities 名词复数：社区，社会，团体E)essential 形容词：必需的，基本的；名词：必需品F)exclusive 形容词：独家的，专有的，唯一的G)independent 形容词：独立的H) indulge 动词：纵容，满足I)permit 动词：使有可能，准许；名词：许可证J)secure 动词：保护，获得；形容词：安全的，牢固的K) solitary 形容词：独立的，孤立的，唯一的L)spectacle 名词：奇观，壮观的场面M)sponsor 动词：资助；名词：捐助人N)stocks 名词：股票O)territory 名词：领土，地方名词：celebrities, communities, spectacle, sponsor, stocks, territory, permit动词：allocate, indulge, permit, secure, sponsor形容词：commercial, essential, exclusive, independent, solitary, secureThe pacific island nation of palau has become home to the sixth largest marine world. the new marine reserve, now the largest in the pacific, will26(permit) no fishing or mining. Palau also established the world, first shark sanctuary in 2009.解析：根据上下文，will后面填动词原形，所以在动词里面选择，根据语义，新海洋保护区将不准许钓鱼和采矿，更为合理。The tiny island nation has set aside 500,000 square kilometres-80 percent -of its maritime 27(territory), for full protection, that's the highest percentage of an28(exclusive)economic zone devoted to remaining 20 percent of the palau seas will be reserved for local fishing by individuals and small-scale- 29(commercial) fishing businesses with limited exports.解析：maritime是形容词，后面必须是名词，所以在名词里面选择，由于前面有square kilometres，所以后面语义27最好是填写土地territory28这个空前方是an，后面是经济特区，所以中间必须填写元音字母开头的形容词，devoted表示专用于，所以根据语义就是exclusive29前面是形容词，后面是名词，中间应该是形容词，business是商业所以选择commerical"island 30(communities)have been among the hardest hit by the threats facing the ocean, "said president.Tommy remengesau jr in a statement.解析：30后面是动词，前方虽然有一个名词，但是其他词性不能填此空，island后面只能是名词，而且是have been，所以在名词中选择名词复数communities"creating this sanctuary is a bold move that the people of palau recognise as 31(essential) to our survival. we want to lead the way in restoring the health of the occan for future generation解析：as后面可以填写名词或形容词，这里面名词含义和这里都不匹配，所以形容词只剩下essential是可以Palau has only been an_ 32(independent) nation for twenty years and has a strong history of environmental protection. it is home to one of the world's finest marine ecosystems, with more than 1,300 species of fish and 700 species of coral.解析：32前面是an，后面是名词，然后中间是形容词，而且必须是元音开头，还剩两个，一个独立的，一个孤立的，后面是名词国家，前面填“独立的”更好。所以选independentSenator hokkons baules lead 33(sponsor) of the palau national marine sanctuary act, said the sanctuary will help build a- 34(secure) future for the palauan people by honoring the conservation traditions of our past”.解析：lead是形容词，后面of，前面应该填一个名词，所以这里面填写的是名词，而且是前面人名的同位语，所以是一个人物名词sponsor34前方是a，后面是名词，所以填写形容词更好，形容词只剩下一个secure，稳定的，安全的these include the centuries-old custom of"", where leaders would call a temporary stop to fishing for key species in order to give fish 35(stocks) an opportunity to replenish(补充).解析：give N1 N2，所以35必须是名词，fish stocks鱼类的固定搭配，所以选项stocks英语六级阅读解析 第二套 Section BData sharing: an open mind on open date A It is a movement building steady momentum: a call to make research data, software code and experimental methods publicly available and transparent. a spirit of openness is gaining acceptance in the science community, and is the only way, say advocates, to address a'crisis' incience whereby too few findings are successfully reproduced. furthermore, they say, it is the best way for researchers to gather the range of observations that are necessary to speed up discoveries or to identify large-scale trends.B the open-data shift poses a confusing problem for junior researchers. on the one hand,the drive to share is gathering official steam. since 2013, global scientific bodies have begun to back politics that support increased public access to research.on the other hand,scientists disagree about how much and when they should share date,and they debate whether sharing it is more likely to accelerate science and make it more robust, or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems.as more journals and make it more robust,or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems.as more journal and founders adopt data-sharing requirements, and as a growingnumber of enthusiasts call for more openness, junior researchers must find their place between adopters and those who continue to hold out, even as they strive to launch their own careers.C one key challenge facing young scientists is how to be open without becoming scientifically vulnerable. they must determine the risk of jeopardizing a job offer or a collaboration prosal from those who are wary of-or unfamiliar with -open science. and they must learn How to capitalize on the movement's benefits such as opportunities for more citations and a way to build a reputation without the need for conventional metrics, such as publication in high-impact journals.D some fields have embraced open data more than others. researchers in psychology, a field rocked by findings of irreproducibility in the past few years, have been especially vocal sup-porters of the drive for more-open science.A few psychology journals have created incentives to increase interest in repair open science. a few psychology journals have created incentives porters of the drive for me lucible science -for example, by affixing an",badge to articles that clearly state where data are available. according to social psychologist brian nose executive director of the center for open science, the average data-sharing rate for the journal Psychological science, which uses the badges, increased tenfold to 38% from 2013 to 2015.E founders, too, are increasingly adopting an open-data policy .several strongly ergement,and some require,a date-management plan that makes data available .The us national science foundation is among these, some philanthropic (慈善的) founders, including the bill Gates foundation in Seattle, Washington, and the well come trust in London, alopen data from their grant recipients.F but many young researchers, especially those who have not been mentored in open science .are uncertain about whether to share or to stay private.Graduate students and postdoes,who often are working on their lab head's grant may have no choice if their supervisor or another senior opposes sharing.G some fear that the potential impact of sharing is too high, especially at the early stages of a career." Everybody has a scary story about someone getting scooped(被抢先),” says new York university astronomer David Hogg. those fears may be a factor in a lingering hesitation to share data even when publishing in journals that mandate it.H researchers at small labs or at institutions focused on teaching arguably have the most to lose when sharing hard-won data. ""with my institution and teaching load, i don't have post docs and grad students", says terry mcglynn, a tropical biologist at California state university,Dominguez hills. "the stakes are higher to share data because it's a bigger fraction of hats happening in my lab.I researchers also point to the time sink that is involved in preparing data for others to view.Once the data and associated materials appear in a repository(存储库 ), answering questions and handling complaints can take many hours.J the time investment can present other problems. in some cases, says data scientist karthik Ram, it may be difficult for junior researchers to embrace openness when senior colleagues many of whom head selection and promotion teesht ridicule what they may view as misplaced energies. "i've heard this recently -that embracing the idea of open datad code makes traditional academics uncomfortable, "says ram. "the concern seems to be that open advocates don't spend their time being as productive as possible."Kan open-science stance can also add complexity to a collaboration. kate ratliff, who studies social attitudes at the university of Florida, gaine sville, says that it can seem as if there are two camps in a field-those who care about open science and those who don't . " there a new area to navigate-'are you cool with the fact that i'll want to make the data open?'-when talking with somebody about an interesting research idea, "she says.Ldespite complications and concerns, the upsides of sharing can be significant. for example,when information is uploaded to a repository, a digital object identifier(DOI)is assigned. Scientists can use a DOT to publish each step of the research life cycle, not just the final paper. In so doing, they can potentially get three citations- one each for the data and software.in addition to the paper itself. and although some say that citations for software or data have little currency in academia,they can have other benefits.M many advocates think that transparent data procedures with a date and time stamp will protect scientists from being scooped. "this is the sweet spot between sharing and getting credit for it. while discouraging plagiarism(剽窃). " says ivo grigorov, a project coordinator at the national institute of aquatic resort Research secreta - in charlottenlund, denmark. hogg says that scooping is less of a problem than many think. "the two cases i'm familiar with didn't involve open data or code, "he says.N Open science also offers junior researchers the chance to level the palying field by gaining better access to crucial date. ross mounce, a postdoc studying evolutionary biology at the university of Cambrige ,UK, is a vocal champion of open science, partly because his fossil others' data. he says that more openness in science could help to discourage what some perceive as a common practice of shutting out early-career scientists' requests for data.O communication also helps for those who worry about jeopardizing a collaboration, he says,Concerns about open should be discussed at the outset of a study. "whenever you start a project with someone, you have to establish a clear understanding of expectations for who owns the data, at what point they go public and who can do what with them, he says.P in the end, sharing data, software and materials with colleagues can help an early -career researcher to gain recognition-a crucial component of success. "the thing you are searching for reputation" says titus brown,a genomics(基因组学) researcher at the university of Califomia, davis,."to get grants and jobs you have to be relevant and achieve some level of public recognition. anything you do that advances your presence- especially in a larger phere, outsidethe communities you know- is a net win.”36. astronomer david hogg doesn't think scooping is as serious a problem as generally thought.M many advocates think that transparent data procedures with a date and time stamp will protect scientists from being scooped. "this is the sweet spot between sharing and getting credit for it. while discouraging plagiarism(剽窃). " says ivo grigorov, a project coordinator at the national institute of aquatic resort Research secreta - in charlottenlund, denmark. hogg says that scooping is less of a problem than many think. "the two cases i'm familiar with didn't involve open data or code, "he says.解析：信息匹配点astronomer david hogg doesn't think scooping=hogg says that scooping is as serious a problem as generally thought=is less of a problem than many think37. some researchers are hesitant to make their data public for fear that others might publish something similar before themG some fear that the potential impact of sharing is too high, especially at the early stages of a career." Everybody has a scary story about someone getting scooped(被抢先),” says new York university astronomer David Hogg. those fears may be a factor in a lingering hesitation to share data even when publishing in journals that mandate it.解析：信息匹配点some researchers are hesitant to make their data public for fear that=those fears may be a factor in a lingering hesitation to share data even when publishing in journals that mandate itEverybody has a scary story about someone getting scooped(被抢先)=Everybody has a scary story about someone getting scooped(被抢先)38. some psychology joumals have offered incentives to encourage authors to share their data.D some fields have embraced open data more than others. researchers in psychology, a field rocked by findings of irreproducibility in the past few years, have been especially vocal sup-porters of the drive for more-open science.A few psychology journals have created incentives to increase interest in repair open science. a few psychology journals have created incentives porters of the drive for me lucible science -for example, by affixing an",badge to articles that clearly state where data are available. according to social psychologist brian nose executive director of the center for open science, the average data-sharing rate for the journal Psychological science, which uses the badges, increased tenfold to 38% from 2013 to 2015.解析：信息匹配点some psychology joumals=A few psychology journalshave offered incentives to encourage authors to share their data.=have created incentives to increase interest in repair open science.39. there is a growing demand in the science community that research data be open t