Traditional Chinese Culture.doc

1. 中国杂技以其丰富的节目、悠久的历史、独特绚丽的艺术特色，屹立于世界杂技艺术瑰宝之林。Chinese acrobatics ranks among the best in the world thanks to its rich repertory, long history, as well as its distinctive and colorful artistic characteristics.2. 苏州因城内水道遍布而享有“东方威尼斯”之美誉。With numerous waterways covering the town, Suzhou is crowned as the “Oriental Venice”.3. 上海博物馆陈列有600余件上自新石器时代，下至清末的历代陶瓷器精品。Shanghai Museum displays over 600 pieces of finest ceramics from the New Stone Age to the end of the Qing Dynasty. 4. 京剧是一种集歌剧表演、歌唱、音乐、舞蹈和武术于一体的表演艺术。Beijing Opera is a performing art that integrates opera, singing, music, dancing and martial arts. 5. 中国是一个历史悠久、文化灿烂的多民族国家。China is a multi-ethnic nation with a long history and a splendid culture.6. 端午节吃粽子、赛龙舟是我们的传统习俗。It has been a traditional custom of Chinese people to eat zongzi, rice wrapped in reed leaves and hold dragon boat races during the Dragon Boat Festival. 7. 今天，中医以其独特的疗效和科学本质赢得了全世界的广泛赞誉。Today, Traditional Chinese Medicine has won worldwide acclaims with its unique effectiveness and scientific nature. 8. 中国有一句老话至今还广为流传，叫做“民以食为天”。There is an ancient Chinese saying still going like this, “Food is the paramount necessity of people.” 9. 中国享有“烹饪王国”之美誉，精致的烹调艺术盛行全球，中餐烹饪已名列世界顶尖菜系之林。China enjoys the reputation as the “Kingdom of cuisine”. Its exquisite culinary art prevails in the whole world. And Chinese cuisine ranks one of the best in the world.10. 中医学是建立在中国古代哲学基础之上的一门临床医学，以其数千年的临床经验积累和深厚的古代文化影响，而成为世界上独特的传统医学。Traditional Chinese Medicine is a clinical medicine based on ancient philosophical thoughts. It has become one of the unique traditional medical sciences in the world thanks to its abundant accumulation of clinical experience over thousands of years and the profound influence by ancient Chinese culture.11. 中华民族在自己的发展长河中，形成了自己优良的文化传统。这是一笔巨大的精神财富，是赖以维系中华民族生生不息、绵延不断的精神纽带，是国家统一、人民团结的文化基础。During the long process of development, the Chinese nation has formed its own fine/distinguished cultural traditions. This is a tremendous spiritual legacy and bond maintaining the evolution of the Chinese nation from generation to generation. It also has laid the cultural foundation for the unity of the motherland and the solidarity of the people. 12. 中国充分尊重不同民族和不同文明的多样性与差异性，提倡各种文明互相之间共处而不冲突、对话而不对抗、交流而不封闭、兼容而不排斥，互相学习，携手合作，共同发展。China fully respects the diversity and differences of various nations and civilizations. It advocates coexistence instead of conflicts, dialogue instead of confrontations, exchanges instead of blockade, tolerance instead of exclusion. It calls for all civilizations to learn from each other and work together to seek universal development. 13. 明清时期，苏州成为中国最繁华的地区，私家园林遍布古城内外。1618世界全盛时期，苏州有园林200余处，现在保存尚好的有数十处，令苏州素有“人间天堂”之美誉。In the Ming and the Qing Dynasties, Suzhou was one of the most prosperous areas in China, with private gardens scattered all over the city and its suburbs. Especially from the 16th to the 18th centurythe golden period of garden buildingSuzhou boasted over 200 gardens, of which dozens have been preserved in good conditions. Therefore, Suzhou has always been crowned as “the paradise on earth”. 14. 保护和利用好文化遗产，是世界人民的共同责任，对增进各国间的相互了解，加强不同文化和文明之间的交流，起着重要的促进作用。The adequate protection and utilization of our cultural heritage is a shared responsibility of people around the world. This plays a significant role in enhancing mutual understanding among nations and strengthening exchanges among different cultures and civilizations. 15. 春节，是农历正月初一，又叫阴历年，是我国民间最隆重的一个传统节日。春节的历史很悠久，它起源于殷商时期年头岁尾的祭神祭祖活动。The Spring Festival, also known as the Chinese New Year, falls on the 1st day of the 1st lunar month, and it is the most important festival for the Chinese people. The age-old Spring Festival originated from the Shang Dynasty when people held sacrifice rituals to gods and ancestors at the turn of a year. 16. 豫园在1982年被列为国务院重点保护单位，是中国南方最优秀的园林之一。园内有亭台楼阁，有池塘和假山，景点超过40个。The Yu Yuan Garden, placed under the special protection of the State Council in 1982, is one of the best gardens in South China. It has more than 40 scenic spots including pavilions, terraces, towers, chambers, ponds and rockeries.17. 茶楼下面的九曲桥，供游人在曲折的桥上轻松的欣赏两边的景色，每次转折，都会让他们看到一种不同的景色。The zigzag bridge under the tea-house is for tourists to enjoy the scenery at ease. Views vary at each turn of the bridge.18. 中国传统戏剧在其长期的形成和发展过程中借鉴了音乐、舞蹈、诗词、美术、杂技、武术等艺术形式，最后发展成为以戏剧情节表演为主导的一种兼收并蓄而又独立的艺术形式。During a long process of formation and development, traditional Chinese operas have been drawing elements from music, dance, paintings, acrobatics and martial arts, poetry and ci, a poetic genre popular in Song Dynasty. And finally they developed into an eclectic and independent art form giving priority to drama performance. 19. 今天世界各地学打太极拳、学做气功以及学习按摩的人越来越多。这些健身之法不仅对人体健康有效，而且对心脑健康和减肥都有很好的疗效。There is an increasing number of people worldwide learning taiji boxing, qigong and massage. These methods are good to peoples physical and mental health, including heart and brain as well as weight loss. 20. 在漫长的发展过程中，中国菜逐渐分化为南、北两大口味。一般来说，南方菜讲究鲜嫩，用料精选，做工细致。而北方菜由于天气寒冷而油重一些，菜中常加醋和大蒜。During the long-term development, Chinese dishes evolved into Southern and Northern styles. In general, the southern dishes emphasize freshness and tenderness, and are made with choice materials and fine cooking. Because of cold climate, northern dishes are relatively oily, and the use of vinegar and garlic tends to be quite popular.21. 中秋节的特制食品是一种内含核桃仁、蜜饯、豆沙或蛋黄等食物的圆形的月饼，圆象征着圆满，进而象征着家庭团聚。The mooncake, a special food of Chinas Mid-autumn Festival, is a round pastry filled with walnuts, candied preserved fruit, bean paste, duck egg yolk, etc., symbolizing completeness and perfection, and by extension, family reunion.22. 大饱口福历来是春节的主要内容，除了常见的海鲜、家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制一些传统菜肴。Having bountiful feasts is a typical custom of the Spring Festival. In addition to the popular seafood, poultry and meat, people will also prepare some traditional dishes according to their local custom.23. 本次展览要展出中国陶器、京剧戏服和出土文物的精品。我们还要展出被联合国教科文组织列入世界遗产名录的29处景点及其图片和实物，如莫高窟复制品等。This exhibition will display the best works of Chinese pottery, costumes of Beijing Opera and unearthed cultural relics. We will also exhibit pictures and objects from Chinas 29 sites on the UNESCO world heritage list, for example, the replica of the Mogao Grottos. 24. 坚持文化的民族性并非意味着保守，相反，中国将以更加开放的姿态融入国际社会，进一步扩大对外文化交流，这是中国文化事业坚定不移的方针。To adhere to the national identity of culture does not mean to remain conservative. On the contrary, China will merge into the international community with a more open posture and further expand international cultural exchange. That is a firm principle guiding Chinese cultural undertakings.25. 历史上，中华文明就部分发源于这片美丽富饶的土地。中国13个王朝曾经在陕西建都，历时长达1180年，使得这一地区非常繁华。Historically Chinese civilization originated from this beautiful and fertile land. Lasting over a period of 1180 years, 13 dynasties in China founded their capitals in Shan Xi, adding and ensuring continuing prosperity in the region.26. 中国艺术也许是因为其优雅精致的瓷器以及艳丽的刺绣而闻名。而民间艺术则是中国艺术的一块奇葩。近年来，中国民间艺术之一面人，引起了世人的关注。面人，俗称“江米人”，由米面制成。Perhaps Chinese art is world famous for its elegant porcelain and brilliant embroidery. However, folk art is an outstanding part of Chinese art. In recent years, dough figurines, a kind of Chinese folk art, has attracted great attentions. Dough figurines, also called rice figurines, are made of rice and flour. 27. 要说地道的北京玩意儿，那可太多了；大到号称世界七大奇观的万里长城，小到四合院。你要玩，有天坛、颐和园；要听，有京剧；要吃，有烤鸭；要买纪念品，有景泰蓝、字画儿。Speaking of the typical things that remind people of Beijing, there are quite a few to name, ranging from the Great Wall, one of the seven wonders in the world, to its traditional courtyards. For your eyes, there are the Temple of Heaven and the Summer Palace; for your ears, there is Beijing opera; for your mouth, there is Beijing roast duck; and for your memory, there are cloisonné and calligraphy and paintings.28. 故宫过去叫紫禁城，是中国最后两个封建王朝明清两代的皇宫。故宫建筑精美，气势雄伟，集中体现了中国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格。The Imperial Palace used to be called the Purple Forbidden City. It was the royal palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the last two feudal dynasties in China. The magnificent Imperial Palace is built delicately and gracefully, well representing the excellent tradition and the unique style of China's ancient architectural art.29. 位于上海市南的豫园是著名的古典园林。花园的原主人姓潘，曾是明代四川省的布政使。花园的建造始于1558年，但由于资金短缺，时建时停，二十年以后才建成。Yu Yuan Garden, located in the southern part of Shanghai, is a famous classical garden. The original owner of the garden, Mr. Pan, was once the governor of Sichuan Province during the Ming Dynasty. The construction of the garden started in 1558, but went on and off for lack of money. It did not come to completion till twenty years later.30. 从某种意义上说，汉语是一种很古老的语言，其最早的汉字已有近四千年的历史了。汉字在其漫长的发展史中演化成许多不同的书写形式，例如篆书、隶书、楷书和行书。中国书法家笔中的汉字往往以字形的夸张取得艺术效果，例如旅游胜地的一些石刻碑文。In a sense, Chinese is a very old language, and its earliest characters date back nearly four thousand years. During their long history of development, Chinese characters have evolved into many different script forms, such as the seal character, official script, regular script and running script. Chinese calligraphers usually render their Chinese characters in ways that exaggerate the form to yield artistic beauty, such as those in stone inscriptions seen in tourist resorts.31. 作为苏州古典园林典型例证的拙政园、留园、网师园和环秀山庄，诞生于苏州私家园林的鼎盛时期，以其意境深远、构筑精致、艺术高雅、文化内涵丰富而成为苏州众多古典的典范。As typical examples of the classical gardens in Suzhou, the Zhuozhen, Liu, Wangshi gardens and Huanxiu Mountain Villa, were all built in the period of the most prosperous development of private gardens. They are noted for their imagination-inspiring atmosphere, exquisite workmanship, artistic elegance and rich cultural meanings. With these characteristics, these four gardens were regarded as model architectures among the numerous classical gardens in Suzhou.32. 文化遗产是人类文明的重要载体，是人类发展的历史见证，不仅反映出人类改造自然、进化自己的艰苦卓绝的经历，又展现出人类创造文明辉煌的智慧和勤奋，是人类祖先留给后代人的无比宝贵的财富。As an important embodiment of civilization and a historical witness of human development, cultural heritage has not only reflected the arduous process of humankind in reforming the nature and improving themselves, but also demonstrated their brilliant wisdom and hard work in creating and developing their civilization. It constitutes invaluable legacy from ancestors. 33. 中国人认为，太极是天地万物之根源。太极分为阴阳二气，阴阳二气产生木、火、土、金、水这五行。五行代表或作用于人体器官，即火对心，木对肝，土对脾胃，金对肺，水对肾。阴阳化合而生万物，太极则代表了阴阳调和。We Chinese believe that taiji is the origin of all lives on Earth. Taiji comprises yin and yang, two types of vital energy. The five elements of wood, fire, earth, metal and water derive from yin and yang. These five elements correspond to, or affect, particular human organs. That is, the element of the fire corresponds to the heart, the wood to the liver, the earth to the spleen and the stomach, the metal to the lung and the water to the kidney. The combination of yin and yang gives birth to all lives on Earth. Taiji represents the balance between yin and yang.34. 中医是我国的传统医学，起源于6000年前的神农氏时代。中医学在长期的发展过程中，逐渐形成了一套医学原则和观点。中医认为“万物人为贵”。中医师是通过了解人与自然、以及人体各部位之间的种种关系来诊断病人的疾病。The Chinese medicine, known as “traditional Chinese medicine” (TCM) in China, originated from the times of Shennong，the famous herbal medicine master of ancient China who lived about 6,000 years ago. During its long process of evolution, the TCM science has gradually formed a set of medical principles and concepts. TCM theory holds that “nothing compares to a human life”. TCM doctors diagnose and treat patients diseases by finding out the relationships between humans and nature, and among the various segments of the human body.35. 农历九月九日是中国传统的重阳节。重阳节原是中国农民喜庆丰收的一个节日，这个节日在战国时期就已形成，在汉代逐渐流行，到唐代诏令规定为法定节日。古时候重阳节的活动内容主要有登高、赏菊、饮菊花酒、插茱萸、吃重阳糕等传统习俗。The Double Ninth Day, as one of the Chinese traditional festivals, is observed on the 9th day of the 9th lunar month. It was originally a day for farmers to celebrate bumper harvests of crops. The festival was born in the Warring States period, became popular in the Han Dynasty, and was made an official day-off by an imperial edict in the Tang Dynasty. In ancient times, the festival was marked by climbing heights, appreciating chrysanthemum flowers, drinking chrysanthemum flower wine, wearing in hair small cornel twigs, eating Double Ninth cake and other traditional activities.36. 京剧的角色分成生、旦、净、丑。一般男子称“生”，又分“老生”和“小生”。中年成熟男子称"老生"，青年男子称“小生”。一般妇女称"旦"，又细分为“青衣”，“武旦”，和“花旦”。品貌或性格特异的男子称“净”，也叫“花脸”。诙谐、幽默、机智的男子称“丑”。In Beijing opera, there are four roles: the male role, the female role, the painted-face role and the clown. The male role is divided into lao sheng and xiao sheng: The former is a mature, middle-aged man, while the latter portrays a young man. The female role is divided into qing yi(respectable and decent ladies), wu dan(military or non-military women capable of martial arts), and hua dan(lively and clever young girls). The painted-face role means all kinds of painted-faces and acts as the male role that has a peculiar personality or appearance. The clown always acts as a witty and funny folk chivalrous man.37. 在当今社会，中医学以其天然草药副作用小的特性而备受世人瞩目。“针灸热”经久不衰，“中医热”也方兴未艾；许多医疗理念，如“未病先防”的养生防病思想、“天人相应”的整体观念，均得到日益光大。中医的许多治疗方法，包括中药方剂、针灸、推拿、气功，以及民间的各种简易疗法，不仅为中华民族的繁衍昌盛做出了贡献，也必将为世界人民的健康带来福音。Today, Traditional Chinese Medicine has won worldwide attention for the application of natural herbal medicines with few side effects. Along with the enduring popularity of the acupuncture, a "Traditional Chinese Medicine fever" is now emerging. Many treatment concepts in Traditional Chinese Medicine are carried forward such as the idea of "prevention before disease rises" and the holistic concept of "uniting nature and humans". Many treatments in Traditional Chinese Medicine including herbal formula, acupuncture, massage, qi gong, and some simple folk treatments, have contributed greatly not only to the prosperity of the Chinese nation, but also to the health of people across the world.38. 说起中餐，人们都知道中餐烹饪以其“色，香，味，形”俱全而著称于世。中国悠久的历史，广袤的疆土，好客的习俗，这些都孕育了中餐烹饪的独特艺术。中餐烹饪讲究原料的选配，食物的质地，佐料的调制，切菜的刀工，适时的烹饪，以及装盘艺术。最富盛名的中餐菜系有南方的粤菜，北方的鲁菜，东部的淮扬菜和西部的川菜，素有“南淡北咸，东甜西辣”之特点。Talking about Chinese food, it is popularly recognized that Chinese cuisine is world famous for its perfect combination of color, aroma, taste and appearance. Chinas unique culinary art owes itself to the countrys long history, vast territory and hospitable tradition. Chinese cuisine gives emphasis to the selection of raw materials, the texture of food, the blending of seasonings, slicing techniques, the perfect timing of cooking, and the art of laying out the food on the plate. Among the best known schools of Chinese culinary tradition are the Cantonese cuisine of the south, the Shandong cuisine of the north, the Huaiyang cuisine of the east and the Sichuan cuisine of the west. These four major varieties of Chinese food have been tra