八年级英语语法专讲--2018寒假培优作业.docx

2018寒假英语培优英语语法专讲 时态详解：一般现在时  0011. 一般现在时的应用 (1) 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。常用频度副sometimes, often, always, usually, seldom，every day / night / week / month / year, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night，once a week, 等做状语。如： He often stays up late. 他常熬夜。 We go home every month. 我们每月都要回家。 I watch TV at night. 我晚上看电视。 (2) 表示客观真理或永恒的状态。如： The earth travels round the sun. 地球绕太阳旋转。 Trees turn green in spring. 春天树木变绿。 Liquid turns into gas when it is hot enough. 足够热时，液体变为气体。 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 (3) 现阶段的状态。常跟时间副词now连用。如： He lives in Beijing now. 他现在住在北京。She is at home. 她在家。 They work in that factory. 他们在那家工厂工作。 (4) 习惯性的爱好或行为。如： I like dancing while she likes singing. 我喜欢跳舞，而她喜欢唱歌。 We get up at six. 我们六点起床。 He studies very hard. 他学习很刻苦。 (5) 表示已经计划、安排好了或时间表上所安排，并且一定要做的事情。用于这种句型的动词主要是瞬间动词：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open等。如： The train arrives at five past eight and leaves at ten past eight. 火车八点过五分到，八点过十分离开。 Our class begins at 7:45. 我们的课七点四十五开始。 The shop opens at eight oclock. 商店八点开门。 (6) 时间、条件、方式及让步状语从句中的谓语动词是将来的动作或状态时，用一般现在时表示。如： If you come, we will wait for you. 如果你来，我们就等你。 When he gets here, the work will be finished. 当他到这儿时，工作将做完了。  Though he disagrees with us, he will do as we decided. 尽管他不赞成我们当观点，他还是会按我们的决定去做。  2. 一般现在时对谓语动词的要求 当主语为第一人称、第二人称或第三人称复数时，动词(除be第一人称单数用 am外) 用原形。当主语为第三人称单数时，动词须用第三人称单数形式。即：(1) 动词be为is；have为has。 (2) 动词后面一般加s。如：playplays, workworks, saysays, loveloves.  (3) 在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词后，改y为i再加es。如：studystudies, satisfy  satisfies, flyflies.  (4) 在以s, x, sh, ch, o结尾的动词后面加es。如：fixfixes, finishfinishes, watch  watches, do  does, go  goes.  3. 一般现在时的否定，疑问，肯定回答，否定回答；/ am/is/are +not; dont/doesnt + 动词原形；/把be动词放于句首； 用助动词do提问，若主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时还原动词I用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. We often_(play) in the playgound.2.  He _(get) up at six oclock.3. _you _(brush) your teeth every morning.4. What         (do) he usually       (do) after school?5.  Danny _ (study) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art an school.6.  Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7.  At eight at night, she _(watch) TV with his parents.8.   _ Mike_(read) English every day?9.   How many lessons _your classmate_(have) on Monday?10. What time _his mother_(do) the housework?13. My aunt often_(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always_ (do) your homework well.16. She _ (go) to school from Monday to Friday.20. What day _ (be) it today? Its Saturday.21. He often _(have) dinner at home.26. What they often (do) on Saturdays?27. Your parents (read) newspapers every day?28. The girl (teach) us English on Sundays.29. She and I (take) a walk together every evening.34.What _ ( do ) he usually _( do ) after school?36. Kitty sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.37.At eight at night, she _( watch ) TV with her parents.38. _ Mike_( read ) English every day?39.How many lessons_ your classmates_( have ) on Monday?翻译：1.人人生来平等。_2.人人都会受伤，如何面对他们，取决于我们自己。3.生活不是一场比赛，而是一场旅行。4.如果你够努力，任何事情都可以搞定。5.我们生活的世界充满了美景和希望。一般过去时 002 1. 一般过去时的应用 ：(1) 表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last year, last month, in 1989, just now, at the age of 16, one day, long long ago, ，the other day, once upon a time如： Liu Ying was in America last year. 刘英去年在美国。 Jim rang you just now. 吉姆刚才给你打了电话。 (2) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如： We often went out for a walk after supper. 我们过去常在晚饭后散步。 We usually played together. 我们通常一起玩。 3. 一般过去时对谓语动词的要求 一般过去时的谓语动词要用动词的过去式。规则变化则遵循以下原则：(1) 一般在动词后加-ed。如：playplayed, offeroffered, weighweighed, destroy destroyed, signsigned.  (2) 在以字母e结尾的动词后，只加-d。如：likeliked, provideprovided, hate  hated, datedated。 (3) 在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词后，则改y为i，再加ed。如：supplysupplied, flyflied, study studied.  (4) 在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾且，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：planplanned, referreferred, regretregretted, banbanned.   4. 特别说明 有些动词的过去时，如：expect, hope, intend, plan, want 等一般过去时，后接不定式的完成时；或它们的过去完成时接不定式的一般式，都可表示过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望。如： I hoped to have been invited to his wedding party. I had hoped to be invited to his wedding ceremony. 我本希望他来邀请我参加他的婚礼。 I intended to have joined their games. I had intended to join their games. 我本打算参加他们的比赛。 5.一般过去时疑问句，否定句：was /were + not; didnt + 动词原形；疑问句：was或were放句首；用did提问6. used to do/ would+ 动词原形一、写出下列动词的过去式1.amis _ 2.do _ 3.go _ 4.have _ 5.isnt _ 6. arent _ 7.spend_ 8.cook_9.read _ 10.clean _ 11.live _ 12.study_二、用适当的词完成下列对话1. How was your weekend? It _ great. What _ you _ last weekend ? I _ some homework.2. What _ she _ last weekend? She _ to the beach.3. What _ they do last weekend? They _ to the movies.三、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1. We _ (enjoy) ourselves at the party last night.2.Jack _ (study) for the English test last Sunday.3._ you _ (go) to the Great Wall last year?4. What day _ (be) it yesterday?5.The old man _(be)ill and went to see a doctor.7.We _ (visit) the museum and went home.8. How _ (be) the students? They were very friendly.9.He often _ (have) supper at home. Today he _ (have) supper at school.四、句型转换1. He came here last month. (改为否定句) He _ _ here last month.2.They played football this morning. (改为一般疑问句并作简略回答) _ they _ football this morning?Yes, they _.No, they _ .3.They went to Beijing last year. (就划线部分提问) _ _ they _ last year.4.Tom watched TV last night. (改为一般疑问句) _ Tom _ TV last night?5.Mary does homework every day. (用 last night 改写句子) Mary _ _ _ _ .七、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Tom and Mary _ (come) to China last month. 2.Mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last night. So I _ (get ) up late. 4.There _ (be) no one here a moment ago.6.I listened but _ (hear) nothing. 12. What time _ you _ (get) to Beijing yesterday? We _ (get) to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening. 13.What _ (make) him cry (哭) just now? 14.Last year the teacher _ (tell) us that the earth moves around the sun. 15.There _ a telephone call for you just now. (be) 16.There _ not enough people to pick apples that day. ( be) 17.There _ any hospitals (医院) in my hometown (家乡) in 1940. ( be not) 18.There _ enough milk at home last week, wasnt there? 22.Jack _ (not clean) the room just now. 25.It _ (be) hot yesterday and most children _ (be) outside. 26. There _ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _ (have) no time to watch it. 27. He ate some bread and _ (drink) some milk. 翻译：仔细体会一般过去时的用法，场合1. 我是2000年搬家到深圳的。2. 从前有个朋友，他患了癌症。3. Tom点点头然后回到了他的座位上。4. 她很惊讶的发现她的狗狗丢了。5. 妈妈很感动地打开了礼物。一般将来时 0031. 一般将来时的结构及应用(1) shall / will + 动词原形。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。标志词：tomorrow，the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in three weeks如： What shall we do if he doesnt come? 如果他不来，我们该怎么办？ Will you be free this evening? 今天晚上有空吗？ I think he will tell us the truth. 我想他会告诉我们真实情况的。 (2) be going to + 动词原形。表示已经计划或安排好了的事情，也可表示有迹象表明肯定要发生的事情。如： We are going to have a meeting to discuss the matter this evening. 今天晚上开会讨论这件事情。 Look at the black clouds over there. I think it is going to rain soon. 看一看那边的乌云，我想天要下雨了。 There is going to be an English evening this week. 本周要举行一个英语晚会。  (3) be about to + 动词原形，一般和when连用，表示就要做或正好要做的事情。往往暗含一种时间上的巧合，因此，句子不能再用时间状语。如：Dont leave. Li Lei is about to come. 不要走了，李蕾就要来了。 Be quiet. The concert is about to start. 安静下来，音乐演唱会就要开始了。I was about to leave when he came in. 当他进来时我准备离开。4：否定句形式 (1).主语+be(am,is,are)  not going to+动词原形+. 例如:(A): I am not going to play basketball tomorrow. 明天我不将踢足球.      (B). She is not/isn't going to visit Shanghai next year. 明年她不将参观上海.     (2).主语+will/shall not+动词原形+.         (A). I shall not go to school the day after tomorrow。    后天我不将上学了 (B). I will not write  my homework  this evening.(will notl=I won't)  今晚我不将写作业  3.一般疑问句: (A).Am/Is,Are+主语+going to+动词原形+. 例如 (A). -Am I going to see my grandfather tomorrow?(2).Will/shall+主语+动词原形+.     例如 (A). -Shall we play volleyball next class?   下一节课我们将打排球吗?          -Yes,you will.  是的,你们将 No, you wont.练习题：单选题：  1. There _ （be) a meeting tomorrow afternoon.  2. Charlie _ (not work )here next month.       3. He _ (be) very busy this week, he _ （be) free next week.         5. _ you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be8. Where is the morning paper? I _ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get 9. _ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are10. If they come, we _ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have11. He _ (give) her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. 12. He _ ( write)to us as soon as he _ (get) there. 13. He _ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back14. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating. A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine15. Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? No, _ （不去）. A. they wont. B. they wont. C. they arent. D. they dont.16. Who _ we _ swimming with tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go17. We _ the work this way next time. A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing18. Tomorrow he _ a kite in the open air first, and then _ boating in the park. A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go19. The day after tomorrow they _ a volleyball match. A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D. is going to watch22. _ you _ free next Sunday? A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be23. He _ there at ten tomorrow morning. A. will B. is C. will be D. be24. _ your brother _ a magazine from the library? A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows25. Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon? _ （好的）. A. Yes, please B. Yes, you will. C. No, please. D. No, you wont.26. It _ the year of the horse next year. A. is going to be B. is going to C. will be D. will is27. _ open the window? A. Will you please B. Please will you C. You please D. Do you 28. Lets go out to play football, shall we? OK. I _. A. will coming B. be going to come C. come D. am coming29. It _ us a long time to learn English well. A. takes B. will take C. spends D. will spend30. The train _ at 11. A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to arrive D. is arriving翻译：1.看那些云！快要下雨了。2. 我会更努力努力英语。3.我明天要去上海参加会议。4.我们将在10分钟内出发。5.如果我们每个人过得更环保，我们的世界将会变得越来越好。 现在进行时 004 1. 现在进行时的结构 现在进行时由“am / is / are + 现在分词”构成。如： Im studying at Yu Cai Senior Middle school. 我在育才中学读书。 He is writing on the desk. 他再课桌上写字。 They are talking about their visiting the Great Wall. 他们在谈论游长城的事情。 【说明】动词现在分词的构成方法：(1) 一般在动词后加-ing。如：saysaying, playplaying, thinkthinking, studystudying, teach teaching, blowblowing, buildbuilding.  (2) 动词若以-e结尾, 则去e再加-ing。如：loveloving, makemaking, guideguiding, datedating.  (3) 在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ing。如：beginbeginning, regretregretting, planplanning, ban  banning.  (4) 在以ie结尾的动词后，改ie为y，再加-ing。如：lielying, diedying, tietying.  (5) 在以-ck 结尾的动词后加-king。如：picnicpicnicking, panicpanicking.   2. 现在进行时的应用 (1) 表示目前正在发生或进行的动作。如： They are planting trees on the mountain. 他们在山上植树。 Mother is preparing supper in the kitchen. 母亲在厨房做晚饭。 (2) 有些非持续性动词的进行时可以表示动作即将进行或发生，或表示动作的重复。如： He is joining the army. 他要参军了。 They are buying the house. 他们要买那座房子。 (3) 当现在进行时中有always, forever, constantly, continually修饰时，表示说话人的赞赏或厌烦的感情。如: Why is the baby always crying? 为什么那个老是在哭。 They are always helping us. 他们总是帮助我们。 注意：表示状态、感觉、心理活动的静态动词，一般不使用语进行时态。 4. 现在进行时与一般现在时的区别 (1) 现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作，而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如： Im reading a story now. 我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情)  I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为) (2) 现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作，而一般现在时只表动作的重复，而不表示动作的持续。如： What are you doing these days? 这几天你在干什么？ They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。 They read English every day. 他们每天读英语。 They play volleyball every Sunday. 他们每周星期天都打排球。 (3) 表示短促动作的动词(如 jump, knock, beat, pick, skip等)的进行时，表示动作的重复。如： The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子们在那边跳。 His heart is beating fast. 他的心脏跳得很快。一 写出下列动词的现在分词形式。 help