公路工程路基路面压实施工技术措施分析中英文.doc
公路工程路基路面压实施工技术措施分析中英文About English road subgrade compaction construction technology analysis【论文摘 要】公路工程路基路面施工中好的压实效果，可以提高路面强度，减少塑性形变、渗透系数、饱水量及可能产生的形变并增加稳定性。本文介绍了公路工程路基路面压实施工的关键因素，研究了公路工程路基路面压实施工技术措施，并强调了公路工程路基路面压实施工中压实度控制的有效措施。 Abstract the compaction effect of highway engineering roadbed construction of good, can improve the strength of pavement, reduce the deformation and plastic deformation, permeability coefficient, full of water and possible and increase stability. This paper introduces the key factors of construction of highway subgrade compaction, the compaction of highway engineering roadbed construction technology measures, and stressed the importance of effective measures in the construction of highway engineering roadbed compaction degree of compaction control.公路压实是公路工程施工中重要一环，对公路的整体质量有非常重要的意义。达到好的压实效果，可以提高路面强度，减少塑性形变、渗透系数、饱水量及可能产生的形变并增加稳定性，对进一步改善公路建设质量有着非常重要的意义。 Road compaction is an important part of the highway engineering construction, have very important implications for the overall quality of the highway. Reach the compaction effect is good, can improve the strength of pavement, reduce the deformation and plastic deformation, permeability coefficient, full of water and possible and increase stability, have very important significance to further improve the quality of road construction.1 公路工程路基路面压实施工的关键因素 1 key factors for highway engineering roadbed construction1.含水量 1 moisture content在压实过程中，路基土或路面结构层材料的含水量，对所能达到的密实度起着决定性的作用。土的内摩阻力和粘结力是随密实度而增加的。土的含水量较小时，土颗粒间的内摩阻力大，压实到一定密度后，某一压实功不能再克服土的抗力，压实所得的干容重小。当土的含水量逐渐增加时，水在颗粒间起润滑作用，使土的内摩阻力减小，因此同样的压实功可以得到较大的干容重。在这个过程中，单位的土体中空气的体积逐渐减小，而固体体积和水的体积逐渐增加。当土的含水量继续增加到超过某一限度后，虽然土的内摩阻力还在减小，但单位土体中的空气体积已减到最小限度，而水的体积却在不断增加。由于水是不可压缩的，因此，在同样的压实功下，土的干容重反而逐渐减小，土的干容重和含水量的这种紧密关系，在全标纸上就形成了驼峰形式水实曲线。因此，细颗粒土、天然砂砾、级配碎石、级配砾石、石灰和水泥稳定土等多种材料，都只有在一定的含水量下才能压实到最大干容重。此时的含水量为最佳含水量。但是，某一种土或路面结构层材料的最大含水量和最大干容重不是固定不变的，它随压实的功能而变化。在室内进行击实实验时，它随所用的击实功而变。在工作碾压时，它随所用压路机的重量或功能而变。 In the process of compaction, water content of subgrade soil or pavement layer materials, on the achievable density plays a decisive role. Inner frictional resistance and adhesive force of soil is increased with the degree of compaction. Water is small with soil, internal frictional resistance between soil particles, compacted to a certain density, a compaction can not overcome the resistance of soil compaction, the dry bulk density of small. When the soil moisture content increased gradually, water lubrication between the particles, so that the inner frictional resistance of soil compaction power decreases, so the same can get larger dry density. In this process, the air unit soil volume decreased gradually, while the solid volume and water gradually increased in size. When the soil moisture content continues to increase to more than a certain limit, although the internal frictional resistance in soil decreased, but the volume of air units in soil has been reduced to a minimum, and the volume of water is increasing. Because the water can not be compressed, therefore, the compaction under the same soil dry bulk density, but gradually decreased, soil dry density and the moisture content of the close relationship between the formation of the hump form of water, solid curve in full mark paper. Therefore, fine particles of soil, natural sand, gravel, gravel, lime and cement stabilized soil and other materials, are only in a certain moisture content can be compacted to maximum dry density. This is the best water content. However, the maximum water content of a soil or pavement structure layer material and the maximum dry density is not fixed, it with the function of compaction and change. Based on the compaction test in the room, it is with the compaction work and become. At work when rolling, with the weight of the roller or function and variable.2.压实功能 2 compaction function如果我们保持压路机重量不变，而增加碾压变数，或增加压路机重量，不改变碾压通数，都可以得出与室内击实试验相同的含水量密度关系。因此，随着压路机重量的增加，土或路面材料的最佳含水量要降低，而最大干容重都要增大。但是，这种现象是有一定限度的，假如超过这个限度，即使继续增加压路机重量或增加碾压遍数也不会明显降低最佳含水量和增加最大干容重。保持土或路面结构层材料的含水量接近最佳值，以保证所要求的压实度。此外，压实机械的选择应用、碾压层的厚度和碾压遍数应与使用的碾压机械相适应。 If we keep the compactor weight unchanged, and increase the rolling variables, or increase the compactor weight, without changing the rolling pass number, all can draw water density relation containing the same and indoor compaction test. Therefore, with the increase of roller weight, optimum water content in soil or pavement materials to reduce, and the maximum dry density will increase. However, this phenomenon has a limit, if you exceed this limit, even continue to increase road roller weight or increase the number of roller passes does not significantly reduce the optimum water content and maximum dry density. Keep the soil or surface structure of the moisture content is close to the optimum value, to ensure the required degree of compaction. In addition, selection and application of roller compacted layer, mechanical compaction thickness and rolling times should be matched with the rolling machines.2 公路工程路基路面压实施工技术措施 2 road subgrade compaction construction technical measures1.做好公路工程路基路面压实施工中的压实作业 1 good compaction compaction of subgrade and pavement of highway engineering construction第一、进行压实作业时要保证摊铺速度与压路机碾压段长度之间的协调，并保持二者的大体稳定。其中在气温比较高，而且风速比较小的时候，碾压段的长度不宜过短，而在气温低，风速比较大时，碾压段的长度可以短一些。 First, compaction to ensure coordination between the paving speed and the roller length, and keep the two roughly stable. Which are high in temperature, and wind speed is relatively small when, rolling length should not be too short, but in the low temperature, the wind speed is large, rolling length can be short.第二、进行压实作业的过程中，如果在碾压过程中出现沥青混合料牯轮现象，可以通过向碾压轮上洒少量水。 Second, compaction of asphalt mixture, if the bull wheel phenomenon in the rolling process, can sprinkle a small amount of water to the rolling wheel.第三、在尚未冷却的路面沥青混合料面层上，不允许放置任何重型的机械设备等其他较重的物体，并且不能向其上方撤落矿料以及油料等杂物。 Third, in the pavement of asphalt surface is not cool, not allowed to place any heavy machinery and equipment and other objects heavier, and not to remove above the caving and oil etc.第四、对于压路机无法压实的公路路基路面部分应采用振动夯板来完成压实作业。 Fourth, for the highway subgrade pavement section roller compaction by vibrating plate should be unable to complete compaction.第五、碾压段的长度要依据路面沥青的出场温度、混合料的性质以及当天的温度和风速等因素进行科学的设定。Fifth, rolling length to scientifically set based on the nature of the appearance of asphalt pavement temperature, mixture and the temperature and wind speed and other factors.2.做好公路工程路基路面压实施工后的压实质量的检测 2 to improve the detection of the compaction quality of subgrade compaction after construction of the highway（1）核子密度仪法，该方法主要适用于沥青混合料路基路面压实质量的测定，该测量方法要求测定层的厚度在20cm的范围内，其中沥青表面层的压实密度利用散射法测定，而土基层材料的压实质量的测量采用直接透射的方法。该试验方法的操作步骤如下： ( 1 ) nuclear density meter method, this method is mainly applicable to the determination of subgrade and pavement of asphalt mixture material compaction quality, the measurement method requires determination of layer thickness in the range of 20cm, the density of compacted asphalt surface layer using scattering method for the determination method of measurement, and the compaction quality of soil base material by direct transmission. Steps of the test methods are as follows:第一、位置的确定和仪器的预热。首先按照随机取样的方法来确定测试位置，然后预热仪器，并将核子仪平稳的放置在测试位置上，准备测试。 Preheating determination and instrument first, the position of the. According to the random sampling method to determine the test position, and then the preheating equipment, and the nuclear instrument smoothly placed in the test position, ready for testing.第二、进行仪器测量和测量数据的读取。打开测量设备，按照测量方案进行测量，测量结束后读取测量结果，关闭测量仪器。 Second, read instrumentation and measurement data. Open the measuring equipment, measurement according to the measurement scheme, after measuring read the measured results, close the measuring instrument.第三、测量结束后要将核子密度仪仪器放置在专用的且符合核辐射安全规定的仪器箱里，确保仪器和人员的安全。 Third, after measuring the nucleon density instrument and placed in a dedicated and in accordance with the provisions of nuclear and radiation safety instrument box, ensure that the equipment and personnel safety.（2）灌砂法，灌砂法是路基路面压实质量检测的标准方法，但是这种方法不适用于那些具有填石路堤的路基路面的压实质量的测量，这一方法的基本原理就是选用相应规格要求的均匀砂，并将其按一定高度以自由落体的形式下落到测试的洞里，结合单位重不变的原理以及集料的含水量等数据来进行路基路面压实质量的检测。( 2 ) the sand filling method, sand filling method is the standard method of pavement and subgrade compaction quality detection, but this method is not suitable for the measurement of compaction quality of subgrade and pavement in those with the stone embankment, the basic principle of this method is to use uniform sand corresponding specifications, and then according to a certain height to free fall form fall into the test hole, according to the theory of unit weight unchanged and aggregate water content data detection of subgrade compaction quality.3 公路工程路基路面压实施工中压实度控制的有效措施 Effective measures to 3 compaction construction of highway subgrade compaction degree control.1.对路基填土或路面结构材料的基本要求用来填筑路基的土，应满足公路路基用土的要求，从土的颗粒组成特征，土的塑性指标（液限、塑限、塑性指数），土中有机质的含量出发，制定土的类别、性质，看是否适合填筑路基，应根据所修建公路的地理位置，选择既经济、性质又好的土来填筑路基。用于路面结构层的材料，碎石、砾石集料除本身要具有一定的强度外，还要有良好的级配，这样才能保证修筑的结构层有足够的密实度，保证其强度和稳定性。 The 1 basic requirements for Subgrade or pavement structure material used to fill subgrade soil, should meet the requirements of highway subgrade soil, composition features from soil particles, soil plasticity index ( liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index ), the content of organic matter in soil of the nature, category, making soil look, whether it is suitable for filling roadbed, road construction should be based on the geographical location, select both economic, properties and good soil subgrade. For pavement layer materials, gravel, gravel aggregate in addition to itself to have a certain strength, but also have a good grade, ensure the way to structure built with density enough, ensure its strength and stability.2.对地基和下基层的要求 2 on the foundation and basic requirements在填筑路堤之前，必须先碾压地基，使其达到足够的强度，如地基本身比较湿软，直接在其上填筑路堤，往往会发生困难，路堤的第一层（每层以压实厚度20cm考虑），甚至第二层上重型压路机也无法进行碾压，重型压路机进行碾压，土层就会发生“弹簧”现象，碾压遍数越多，这种现象越严重。所以，在这种情况下，必须采取一定的技术措施，对湿软地基进行加固处理。通常，可根据具体情况，采取下列方法：一是换填土层法；二是强夯法；三是振冲法；四是挤密桩法。 In the embankment before, must first be filled foundation, so as to achieve sufficient strength, such as the basic body is wet and soft, directly on the embankment, often occur difficult, the first layer of embankment ( each layer to compaction thickness 20cm ), or even the second layer heavy rollers cannot roll, heavy duty roller compaction, the soil will occur in the " spring " phenomenon, rolling several times more, and more serious phenomenon. So, in this case, must adopt certain technical measures, reinforcement of soft foundation. Usually, according to the specific circumstances, take the following methods : one is the change of soil layer method; two is the dynamic compaction method; three is the vibroflotation method; four is the compaction pile method.3.对含水量的要求 3 of the water requirement（1）含水量试验。在公路施工中，常用的方法有烘干法和酒精燃烧法。 ( 1 ) water test. In highway construction, commonly used method of drying and alcohol burning method.烘干法。本试验方法适用于粘性土、砂性土和有机质土类。 Drying method. This test method is applicable to clay, sand and organic matter of soil.酒精燃烧法。本试验方法适用快速简易测定土（含有机质土除外）的含水量，工地施工中常采用此法。 Alcohol burning method. This test method for the rapid determination of soil ( organic soil moisture content, except ) method is often used in construction site.（2）标准击实试验，本试验可分轻型和重型两种试验方法，采用哪种方法，应根据有关规范的规定或工程科学试验的实际需要选定。一般情况下，可采用干法，即加水法，土允许重复使用，但容易击碎的试料不宜重复使用。对于高含水量土，试料的干燥处理会影响试验结果，宜采用湿法，即减水法，让采集的至少5个试样分别风干至不同的含水量状态。以干密度为纵坐标，含水量为横坐标，绘制干密度与含水量的关系曲线，由线峰值点的纵横坐标分别为最大干密度和最佳含水量。若曲线不能绘出明显的峰值点，应进行计算或重做（应给出技术指标）。 ( 2 ) the standard compaction test, the test can be divided into light and heavy two kinds of test methods, adopt what kind of method should be selected according to the actual needs, scientific test relevant specifications and engineering. Under normal circumstances, can be used dry, with water, soil to be reused, but easy to split the sample should not be reused. The soil moisture content, drying process of sample will affect the test results, should use the wet, or the reduction of water, at least 5 samples were dried to different moisture content. Dry density as ordinate, moisture as abscissa, draw stem curve relationship between density and water content, vertical and horizontal coordinate by line peak are respectively the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content. If the curve cannot draw the obvious peak points, to be calculated or redo ( should give the technical index ).4.合理选择压实机具和采用正确的压实方法 4 reasonable selection of compaction equipment and compaction method correctly applied（1）采用的压实机具应先轻后重，以便能适应土体强度的增长。 ( 1 ) the compaction machine used should be after the first light weight, in order to adapt to the soil strength growth.（2）碾压速度应先慢后快，以免样土被机械推走。 ( 2 ) the speed of rolling should soon after the first slow, so as to avoid the kind of soil mechanical away.（3）组织压实机具合理的工作路线，直线段一般先两侧后中间，以便保持路拱；在弯道部分没有超高时，由低的一侧开始逐渐向高的一侧碾压。相邻的两次轮迹应重叠轮宽的三分之一，保证压实均匀不得漏压，对于压不到的边角，应辅塑料土工格栅以人工或小型机械夯实。 ( 3 ) the organization of compaction equipment reasonable working line, line segment generally first of two sides of intermediate, in order to keep the crown; high no super bend in part, by the low side began gradually to the high side of rolling. The two wheel track adjacent to the overlap width 1/3, ensure uniform compaction shall not leak pressure, the pressure not to corner, should be supplemented by artificial or small mechanical compaction.（4）应注意检查土的含水量和密实度，并视需要采取相应的调整措施，以达到规定压实度的要求。 ( 4 ) should pay attention to check the soil moisture content and density, and need to take relevant measures, in order to achieve the required degree of compaction requirements.总之，在公路施工中，必须采取充分必要的技术措施，对路基填土和路面结构层材料进行压实，使其达到规定的密实度，这样才能保证路基、路面具有一定的强度和稳定性，保证路面的使用品质。 In a word, in highway construction, must take measures necessary, on the roadbed and pavement material is compacted, the compactness of the provisions, so as to ensure the roadbed, pavement has a certain strength and stability, and ensure the quality of pavement.参考文献 Reference1孙伯文，刘柳，张君纬.路基压实的施工实践与研究J.河北交通科技，2008，（02） 1 Sun Bowen, Liu Liu, Zhang Junwei. The compaction of subgrade construction practice and research J. Hebei traffic science and technology, 2008, ( 02 )2刘安东，陈伟.压实度对路基回弹模量影响分析J.吉林交通科技，2009，（01）2 Liu Andong, Chen Wei. The degree of compaction of subgrade resilient modulus impact analysis J. Jilin traffic science and technology, 2009, ( 01 )
