初中英语名词-动词-代词-冠词-数词综合复习（附练习答案）.docx

专题一 名词一、 名词的分类： 可数名词和不可数名词1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加 “a或an”；复数形式是在名词后加 “-s或-es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化及其读音可依照下表：当名词为：词尾变化读 音例 词一般情况加s在清辅音后读/s/chips, jeeps, pats , clocks在浊辅音或元音后读/z/boys, sharpeners, sofas, drawers以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词加es/iz/watches, boxes, classes, brushes以字母o结尾的单词加s或es/z/zoos, photos, bamboos, tomatoes, potatoes, heroes,以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去y 变i加es/z/dictionaries, strawberries,以f 或fe结尾的单词去f或fe 变v 加 es/vz/leaves, wives, halves以th结尾的词加s/ðz/; /z/mouths, paths; months, deaths2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母 eg. man-men, womanwomen, toothteeth, footfeet, goosegeese, mouse-mice单复数同形 eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep,由man 和woman构成的合成词, 每个名词都要变复数 eg. a man doctor men doctors, a woman teacher-women teachers 注意: 有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式 eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts,scissors, etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数). eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news 3. 不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。1).不能直接用数字表数量 2).不能直接加a或an 3).没有复数形式 4).可用some、any 、lots of、plenty of 、much 修饰 5).可用“量词短语”表示不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法: (1) 同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。eg. food 食物- foods 各种食物，time 时间 - times 时代，green 绿色 -greens 青菜(2) 有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物eg. hope -hopes 希望 hardship - hardships 艰苦(3) 物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示 eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice, （4）有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。 例： fruit水果fruits表示不同种类的水果；food食物foods各种食品；fish鱼fishes鱼的种类；drink饮料、酒a drink一杯一份饮料、一杯酒； cloth布,a cloth桌布、抹布； sand沙sands沙滩； tea茶a tea一杯茶；chicken鸡肉a chicken小鸡；orange橘汁an orange橘子； glass玻璃a glass玻璃杯,glasses眼镜； paper纸a paper试卷、论文；wood木头a wood小森林；room空间、余地a room房间三、名词的所有格1. s 所有格。 1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加“s.” This is _(Mary and Lily) bedroom .2). 1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时，这时分别在每个名词后加“s.” These are _(Tom and Jack ) school bags .3).以s结尾的名词，变所有格时在s后加“”,不以s 结尾的复数名词，仍加“s” Teachers Day Childrens Day 2.of 所有格 1).of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格。 the map of China the door of the room 2).双重所有格：of + 名词所有格 of + 名词性的物住代词 He is a friend of my _(brother ) . Is she a daughter of _(you)?巩固练习：1.( ) 1 She was very happy. She          in the maths test.A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake( )2 We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe( )3 _are_for cutting things.A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using( )4 What big_ the tiger has!A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree_.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave( ) 6 -Can we have some _?-Yes, please.A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear2.( ) 1 They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( )2 He gave us_ on how to keep fit.A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew_ was bad.A. some news B. a news C. the news D. news( ) 4 What_ lovely weather it is!A. / B. the C. an D. a3.( )1 -Would you like_tea?-No, thanks. I have drunk two_.A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges( )2 He is hungry. Give him _ to eat.A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( )3 It really took him:_ to draw the nice horse.A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time( )4 I would like to have_.A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks( ) 5 Can you give me _?A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea ( ) 6 Please give me _ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of( )7 John bought_for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes参考答案：1. 1-7 C C B B B B C  2. 1-4 C B C A 3. 1-7 B C D A D D A 练习与巩固：（ ）1. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories（ ）2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges（ ）3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home . A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walk C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk（ ）4. An old _ wants to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person （ ）5. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples（ ）6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _. A. rooms number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers（ ）7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _. A. family B. house C. home D. room专题二：动词动词是表示动作（study, find, swim 等）或状态（be, like, feel 等）的词。动词具有人称、数量、时态、语态和语态变化。 动词分类：动词有助动词、情态动词、联系动词和行为动词(实义动词 )四类。一）助动词 1、助动词be的用法如下：1）构成各种进行时态。如：It was raining all day yesterday.昨天整天下雨。2）构成被动语态。如：The meeting was held yesterday afternoon.会议是昨天下午举行的。3）与不定式连用表示按照计划、预先安排或规定要发生的动作。如：They are to see an English film this evening.他们今天晚上看英语电影。2、助动词do的用法如下：1）构成疑问式或否定式。如： Does he think so? I didnt say anything about the result.2)在动词前加上do, does, did表示强调，意为“的确，确实”。如：They do study hard. She does love him. He did want to help the old man.3)可以用作代动词，代替句子中已经出现的实义动词，以避免重复。如： Who jumps highest in your class? Jim does. ( 不说Jim jumps)3、have: 助动词have 的过去式是had。have和had均可与动词过去分词一起构成完成时态。如：1) He has lived here for three years. 2) As soon as the sun had set they returned.4、shall, should: 助动词shall只用于第一人称的将来时态；助动词should 是shall的过去式，构成过去将来时。如：1) I shall send ten letters to my good friend. 2) She wanted to know if I should go to the palace.二）情态动词情态动词本身有一定含义，但不能单独作谓语，要和行为动词一起构成谓语。它们也能表明句子的否定、疑问或时态上的区别。常见的情态动词有：can, may, must, need, should等。一情态动词的用法1. can 用法1）表示能力，与be able to同义，但can只用于现在时和过去时，be able to可用于各种时态。Two eyes can see more than one. 注：Can you ? Yes, I can / No,I cant.2).表示允许、请求用could比can 语气更加委婉客气，常用于could I /you .?句型中，若表示同意时，用can回答而不用could . Could I borrow the book ? No, you cant .3）。表示推测 “可能”常用于否定句或疑问句中。（cant表示一定不是）It cant be true . Can it be true ?2. may 用法1）表允许，请求= can 表示许可或征求对方的许可，常于第一人称连用。注：May I .? Yes ,you may No, you cant / mustnt .在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly.2）表推测，可能、也许。常用于肯定句中。Maybe he knows the news .=He _ _ the news. 3. must1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。We must do everything step by step. 注：Must I .? Yes, you must / No,you neednt(dont have to ).2）mustnt 表禁止、不允许。 You mustnt talk to her like that.3）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中must改为can .He must be ill. He looks so pale. Shes wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 注：must表推测时，其反义疑问句与must后面的动词一致。情态动词 练习与巩固：( ) 1. Mr Wang _ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning. A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt( ) 2. Must I saty at home, Mum? -No, you _. A. neednt B. mustnt C. dont D. may not( ) 3. Can you go swimming with us this afternoon? -Sorry, I cant. I _ take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill. A. can B. may C. would D. have to( ) 4. May I go to the cinema, Mum? -Certainly. But you _ be back by 11 oclock. A. can B. may C. must D. need( ) 5. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river. A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw D. may not throw三）联系动词 联系动词含有一定意义，它们要与其后做表语的形容词、名词或介词（短语）一起构成合成谓语。系动词按意义可分为三类，而且有自己的特定用法。1、按意义联系动词有：be, appear, seem, keep, remain, continue, stay, prove 等，如：Jim appears very old.、表示感觉的联系动词有look, feel, smell, sound, taste等。如：It smells bad.3、表示转变的联系动词有become, fall, get, go, grow, turn等。如： She becomes more beautiful than three years ago.Pizza is ready, and it _ nice. A.smells B.feels C.goesThis kind of apple _ delicious. I want one more. A.smells B.feels C.tastesOh, the milk _ strange, do you think its OK to drink? A.is tasted B.is tasting CtastesThis kind of skirt looks _ and sells _. A.nice, well B.nice, good C.good, good四）行为动词 动词的时态 动词的时态有很多。初中阶段主要掌握：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。1一般现在时 1. 表示现在的状态 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作 3.表示客观事实或普遍真理。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。例题解析：1. - May I help you, sir?- Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it _.A. didnt work B. doesnt work C. wont work D. cant work2_ the bus until it _. A. Get off, stops B. Get off, will stop C. Dont get off, stops D. Dont get off, will stop3The 70-year-old man _ exercises in the morning. A. takes B. are taking C. took D. will take2. 一般过去时 1).概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2).基本结构： be动词；was/were 行为动词 :动词的过去式3).否定形式： was/were+not; didnt +动词原形4)用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：一般情况+ed以e字母结尾的辅音+d以辅音字母y结尾去y变ied重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写词尾字母+ed3. 现在进行时 1）现在进行时的构成：主语+am/is/ are+ v-ing是现在进行时的构成形式 v-ing现在分词的构成：一般情况+ing以不发音字母e结尾的单词。去e,加ing+ing以辅音字母y结尾的单词去e+ing以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时.双写词尾字母+ing2)用法： 1. 说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）。例如： She is having a bath now. 2. 正在进行或发生的动作（但动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行）。例如：You are working hard today.1. Look! The police _ （ carry ）the food onto the bank of the river.2. Listen! Someone _ ( sing ) in the room.3. Its six oclock. The Greens _ ( eat ) dinner.4. 过去进行时 1).表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间，除有上，下文暗示以外，一般用时间状语来表示或由when / while引导的时间状语从句。2).过去进行时（主句 ） when 一般过去时 ( 从句 )。3).一般过去时 （ 主句 ） while过去进行时（从句 ）。4).过去进行时（主句 ）while过去进行时（从句 ）。( 强调两个动作同时进行 )1 Did you see him come in? No, I _ ( watch) a football game.2 My sister _ (read) her book when my mother came in.3 This time yesterday I _ (eat) dinner with my friends.4 At nine oclock last Sunday, they _ (have) a party.5 They _ (swim) in the pool from 7:30 to 9:00 last Sunday.5一般将来时 构成1）is / am / are +going to do sth 表示计划，安排要做的事情2 ) will do sth ( will 是助动词，没有人称的变化，适用于各种人称) shall do sth ( shall是助动词，只用于第一人称) He _ ( tell ) you when he _( come ) back tomorrow. Tom _( play ) with you if he _( be ) free next Sunday.2. in +一段时间 在- 后( How soon) （一般将来时） after +一段时间 = 一段时间+ later 在- 后( When ) （一般过去时）after + 时刻数 （一般将来时）He _( get )here in an hour. He _( get )here after an hour.He _( get )here after five oclock.6现在完成时I 1).概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.).基本结构： have/has + done 3).否定形式： have/has + not +done. ( )1.Have you ever _ to an amusement park/ A.gone to a B.gone to an C.been to a D.been to an( )2.Wheres Amy?-She has _ to the UK. A.been B.gone C.went D.goes( )3._ have you been there?-For three years. A.How often B.How long C.How far D.How soon( )4.Has Paul been to the USA？-Yes, _. A.he has B.he does C.she has D.she does( )5.I _ to Canada twice. Its so beautiful. A.wont go B.have gone C.dont go D.have been( )6. Where _ you _, John? Im looking for you everywhere. A. have; been B. have ;been to C. have; gone ( )7. How long _ your father _ Shanghai? A. did; come B. has; been in C. has; been tosince 和 for 的用法(用于现在完成时)表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。1). since : a).since +时间点年代 时刻数 一段时间+ago b).现在完成时：主句(主语+have/has +延续性动词的过去分词)+ since +从句一般过去时 c) Its +时间段+since +短暂性动词的过去式 d).时间段+has passed +since +短暂性动词的过去式2) . for +一段时间 用since和for填空1) _ two years2) _ two years ago3) _ last month 4). He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last. 5). Ive known him _ we were children.3). for: for +一段时间= since +一段时间+ ago4 ) . 与时间段连用时，短暂性动词应改为相应的延续性动词。1) come/go to - be at /in 2)leave -be away from 3)buy -have 4) borrow /lend -keep 5)close-be closed 练习：( )1. Three years _since I _ you last time.A. have passed; metB. has passed; metC. passed; have met( )2. He has been here _ he left his hometown.A. since B. in C. for( )3. He _the English-Chinese dictionary for about twenty years，but it is still newWhat a careful man!A. has bought B. has borrowed C. has had( )4. -When did China _ the WTO?-China _ the WTO for several years.A. join; has been a member of B. join; has joined C. take part in; have been in( )5. How long have you _ the book?A. bought B. borrowed C. kept( )6. How time flies! Several years _ since we started our middle school life. We will keep the pleasant experiences in our minds.A. have passed B. has passed C.will pass7.过去完成时态1）.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为。2）.基本结构：had + done. 3）.否定形式：had + not + done. 练习 ( )1. He _ in Shanghai University for four years before he _ Beijing.A. studied, had gone B. had studied, went C. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone ( )2. Mary said it was at least five years since he _ a good drink.A. enjoyed B. was enjoying C. had enjoyed D. would enjoy( )3. Xiao Pei said she _ Hainan for 3 months.A. has been in B. had been in C. had been to D. had gone to时态综合：选择最佳答案填空(动词时态)：( )1. We _out by that time that he_ a thief for a long time.A. had found, had been B. had found, was C. found, had been D. found, was( )2. It so happened that they_ the novel before. A. had read B. would read C. were reading D. read( )3. She_ for nearly two hours. A. kept talking B. k