新视野大学英语第三版第三册课文A翻译.docx
新视野大学英语第三版第三册课文A翻译 Unit 1 The Way to Success 课文A Never, ever give up! 永不言弃! 英国的伟大首相温斯顿·丘吉尔爵士,小时候在哈罗公学上学。当时他可不是个好学生,要不是出身名门,他可能早就因为违反纪律被开除了。谢天谢地,他总算从哈罗毕业了,在那里犯下的错误并没影响到他上大学。后来,他凭着军旅生涯中的杰出表现当选为英国首相。他的才思、智慧、公民责任感以及在二战痛苦而黑暗的时期拒绝投降的无畏勇气,为他赢得了美名。他非凡的决心,不仅激励了整个民族,还鼓舞了全世界。 在他首相任期即将结束时,他应邀前往母校哈罗公学,为满怀报国之志的同学们作演讲。校长说:“年轻的先生们,当代最伟大的演说家过几天就会来为你们演讲,他提出的任何中肯的建议,你们都要听从。”那个激动人心的日子终于到了。温斯顿爵士站了起来他只有 5 英尺 5 英寸高,体重却有 107 公斤。他作了言简意赅的讲话:“年轻人,要永不放弃。永不放弃!永不放弃!永不,永不,永不,永不!”个人经历、教育机会、个人困境,这些都不能阻挡一个全力以赴追求成功的、有着坚强意志的人。任务再苦,准备再长,难度再大,都不能让他放弃自己的追求。就以本时代最有学问的两位科学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和托马斯·爱迪生为例,他们都曾面临巨大的障碍和极端的批评,都曾被说成“不开窍”,被老师当成笨蛋而放弃。托马斯·爱迪生还曾逃学,因为老师嫌他问的问题太多而经常鞭打他。爱因斯坦一直到将近 9 岁才能流利地说话,学习成绩太差,有些人认为他都已经学不好了。然而,这两个男孩的父母都相信他们。他们坚持不懈地每天和儿子一起努力,孩子们也了解到,要想成功,就绝不要怕付出长期而艰辛的努力。最终,爱因斯坦和爱迪生都摆脱了童年的困扰,进而作出了造福当今全世界的伟大发现。再如亚伯拉罕·林肯这个英雄的典范,他一生面临了无数艰辛、失败和接二连三的不幸。他的出身和经历真是一点也算不上光鲜。他在一个非常贫困的家庭长大,只受过一年正规教育。经商两度失败,初恋爱人的突然离世也使他精神崩溃,还在八次政治选举中落马。此后,他的四个孩子有三个不幸去世,令他悲痛欲绝。然而,坚强的意志鞭策着他,推动他前进,使他更加乐观、投入、坚毅。这让他得以全力以赴,一次次战胜生命中的巨大困难和挫折。一百年之后,世界各地的人们都赞颂亚伯拉罕·林肯,认为他是有史以来最伟大的美国总统。与丘吉尔和林肯一样,只有那些“执著地追求成功”的人,那些保持始终如一的精神意志的人,才会通过自身的努力,获得成功。许多艺术家、政治家、作家和发明家都有同样的经历。他们之所以能取得这样的成就,是因为他们拥有强烈的意愿,不懈地准备、奋斗,并保持对成功的激情。他们取得了成功,并不是因为成功很容易,而是因为他们拥有克服重重障碍的意志,为了追求目标而勤奋努力。桑德拉·戴·奥康纳成长于既没自来水也没电的养牛场,她努力学习以使自己接受到最好的教育。她的学习成绩在班上始终名列前茅,一路奋斗终于进入了斯坦福大学法学院,并以优异的成绩从法学院毕业。尽管奥康纳勤奋刻苦,但在 20 世纪 50 年代,她仍然受到女人身份的制约。即使斯坦福大学的学位有良好的声誉,她仍被整个法律界拒之门外,因为事务所宁愿聘请才干稍逊的男性,也不愿冒险破例雇佣一位女律师。然而,桑德拉·戴·奥康纳并未放弃梦想。她执著地坚持下去,终于得到提名并被任命为美国第一位女性最高法院大法官。她任职期间,对很多问题,例如堕胎和妇女权利,都起到了极为关键的作用。很多人只是嘴上说他们想要什么东西,但并不真正地付出大量努力去实现。很多人因为害怕失败而不敢全心尝试。而成功的秘诀在于内心燃烧的欲望一种坚定不移的意志和专注力从而激发行动的决心,即使疲惫,即使失败,也会继续准备,继续前进。正如一句箴言所说:“你摔倒了多少次并不要紧;你能多少次重新站起来对成功才至关重要!”专注于汲取更多的知识,争取持之以恒地渐进,保持永不言退的坚强意志即使在你疲惫想要松懈的时候,或者困难重重之时。“执著地追求成功!”“有志者,事竟成!”只要刻苦努力,意志坚决,专心投入,准备充分,你就能跨越一切障碍,完成所有壮举,取得成功!Unit 2 Beat your Fear 课文A Swimming through fear 游越恐惧 当时我和朋友正在法国旅行,我们把汽车停在海滩,眼前就是地中海。巨浪翻滚击打着构筑起防波堤的偌大岩石。人们说这里的海滩以其可怕的裂流而著称。恐惧让我不寒而栗。没有什么比水让我更害怕了。只是看到了海就已经让我觉得反胃。我曾经一直都是喜欢水的,并且直到去年夏天我都还是一名游泳好手。那时,我决定爬上游泳池边上最高的跳板来跳水。我从那么高的地方跳下,重重地撞击到水面上。我肺里的空气一下子全被挤出去了,马上不省人事。醒来时发现哥哥正把我虚弱的身体从游泳池里拖出来。从那时起,我对水的恐惧就没有消退过,我怕极了水。Jason, are you coming?" my friend, Matt, called. “贾森,你要过来吗?”我的朋友马特朝我喊道。 我说:“好,就是欣赏一下景色”,又在心里默默加了一句在岸上欣赏。担心如果他们知道我害怕水而可怜我。 突然,我听到有人用法语喊叫。接着看见一群人没脱衣服,就冲到海里。我心想,这真是太奇怪了。我瞥见防波堤尽头的海浪中有个东西在上下浮动。我惊恐地意识到大事不妙,倒吸了一口凉气,那居然是个小男孩!前去救落水男童的人们搏击着海浪,但情况却不乐观。由于水的拉拽,他们根本不可能及时游到小男孩身边。我扭头看看那小男孩。他的头刚露出水面,然后一个浪头打过来,好一阵不见踪影我不得不做点什么了。我估计了当下的情形后注意到了对,那防波堤!小男孩靠近那个地方,也许我可以从那儿帮忙。我冲下海滩,跑上防波堤,但突然我想起了什么水!顿时有了恐惧的症状:我手心冒汗,胃里感觉不适。我一下子停下来。水里的那些人低估了海浪的威力,救援工作没有任何进展。只有我注意到了跑到防波堤上是到达溺水男童的最快的路径。然而在此性命攸关之际,我极度恐慌。我努力去回想十几岁时所接受的救生员训练。我因恐惧而全身瘫软,但我强迫自己向前移动,展开这场突发的救援行动。我不想做这些,在我施救之前肯定会有别人救他吧。我在防波堤的边上迅速转过身来,深信会看见某个游泳健将正向着小男孩劈波斩浪。但是让我沮丧的是,一个人也没有。我回身面向大海,看见 25 码开外恶浪击打着小男孩。我深吸一口气,纵身跃入水中。一跳进水里,我感觉仿佛又回到了当年的那个游泳池,我喘不过气,拼命挣扎,惊恐万分。咸水刺痛了我的双眼。“集中注意力,”我在心里喊道。“他在哪里?”然后我清楚地看到一只细小的手臂在离我几码处微弱地挥动着。我拼尽全力游过去,在他刚要没水之时赶到了。我抓住他的手臂拉他。他冒出水面,眼睛因恐惧瞪得很大,胡乱抓扯着我。我用法语命令他:“别慌!”他这样挣扎会阻碍救援,那我们俩就都死定了。我再次命令他:“别慌!”谢天谢地,这次他听话了,不动了。当我转身朝岸边游去的时候,一个浪劈头盖脸打来。我们离防波堤更远了!是裂流!它强行把我们拽往大海深处。我挣扎着想带他游回岸上,但进展甚微。我知道这种游法根本没法护着他返回岸边。强烈求生欲望之下,我想起了在救生课上所学到的知识:永远不要与裂流相对而游!要顺其方向朝侧边游,慢慢地靠向岸边。这个办法尽管看上去很荒谬,但却管用。朝侧边游,浮起休息。朝侧边游,浮起休息。我们重复着这个方法,慢慢地游到了安全区。“贾森,你能行的!”我听到站在防波堤上的马特对我说。我甚至没有注意到我们离防波堤这么的近,只剩下大约 7 英尺的距离了。后来我们到达安全水域时,我觉得有些不可思议:我不再怕水了。恐惧没了,这一刻我胜利了! 马特跳进水里。我把男孩拋给他。我刚一松手,一个大浪托起他直接把他送到了马特身边。 我全身都快虚脱了,我不再划水,就这样放松自己顺水而漂。我的手碰上了防波堤,仿佛触电一般,我重新恢复了神志。有人抓住了我。我感觉到强壮有力的手臂将我托起。我不仅从海里爬上防波堤的磐石,而且完成了自我拯救,摆脱了困扰已久的恐惧。我扭过头看见小男孩被母亲紧紧拥入怀中。虽已疲惫不堪,但放眼大海,我感觉海水比任何时候看起来都更美。Unit4 令人惊奇的旅行目的 早晨四点一刻,闹钟把我从美梦中惊醒,要不是突然看见早已收拾好的行李箱,我几乎又要睡着。想起来还要去机场,我叹了口气。出租车来晚了,并且在途中迷了路,我越来越担心会赶不上飞机。出租车一到机场我就冲进去,跌跌撞撞通过安检处,终于,我来到了登机口。经历这一早所有的麻烦事,我乘坐的航班却被取消了。在接下来的 218 分钟里,我被困在了机场,唯一觉得安慰的是机场提供的一杯免费咖啡。这就是旅行,让人心烦的跑跑停停。最终,在不知经过多少小时之后,终于到达要去的地方。 我们为什么要旅行?其实,我并不介意飞行本身,在这样一个密实的金属大鸟中飞行,让我感到很奇妙。然而,旅程其余的部分,从一大早 X 光检查到出售大堆纪念品的糟糕的机场商场,感觉就像是关于现代社会弊病的乏味课程。这是全球化的结果,它糟糕透了。 当然,有时候我们旅行是因为我们需要去旅行。因为即使在这个数字化时代,我们仍然有一些很重要的事情要去做,比如在商务午餐中与生意伙伴握手,或是在感恩节这天吃上妈妈特别准备的食物,或是在你和你女朋友的两周年纪念日这天去看她。 但是大多数旅行是可去可不去的,在超过 50 英里的旅行中,只有 30%属于真正必需的商务旅行。我们旅行是因为我们想要去旅行,因为到一个新地方的兴奋和激动可以抵消在机场的各种烦心事;因为工作压力太大,我们的血压太高,我们要去热带地区度假;因为在家实在太无聊;因为航班都在打折;因为巴黎毕竟是巴黎。 多亏了现代航空技术,我们现在可以以非凡的速度在空中穿梭。在人类历史中,这是我们第一次超过太阳在短短一天中从一个半球到达另一个半球。当然,仅仅往飞机上一坐是不够的。我们要想认识到旅行在提高创新力方面的价值,还得再全面考虑其目的。毕竟,大多数人逃到巴黎,是因为这样他们就可以不必考虑家里的那些烦心事。但是,具有讽刺意味的是,当我们坐在豪华的左岸咖啡馆时,我们的脑子极有可能能解决那些最棘手的问题。因此,我们应该考虑那些在家里解决不了的问题,而不是琢磨那些奶油甜点。 The larger lesson, though, is that our thoughts are saturated with the familiar. The brain is a space of near infinite possibility, which means that it spends a lot of time and energy choosing what not to notice. As a result, creativity is traded away for efficiency; we think in finite, literal prose, not symbolic verse. A bit of distance, however, helps loosen the cognitive chains that imprison us, making it easier to mingle the new with the old; the mundane is grasped from a slightly more abstract perspective. According to research, the experience of an exotic culture endows us with a valuable open-mindedness, making it easier to realize that even a trivial thing can have multiple meanings. Consider the act of leaving food on the plate: In China, this is often seen as a compliment, a signal that the host has provided enough to eat. But in America the same act is a subtle insult, an indication that the food wasn't good enough to finish. 但更应该知道的是我们的思想被熟悉的东西所充满。大脑是一个几乎具有无限可能性的空间,这就意味着它花了大量的时间和精力选择不去注意什么。因此,我们牺牲创造力来换取效率。我们以字义明确的散文方式思考,而非以具有象征意义的诗歌方式思考。然而,一点的距离就可以帮助我们放松禁锢我们认知的链条,使新旧思想的结合更容易,对平淡无奇的事情可从更抽象的角度加以认知。有研究指出,体验异国文化可以赋予我们宝贵的开放性思维,使我们更容易明白即使是微不足道的事物也可以有多种意义。想一想把食物剩在盘子里这个行为:在中国,这通常被看成是一种赞美,说明主人提供了足够的食物。但是在美国,同样的行为却暗含侮辱,表明食物不够好,人们不愿意吃完。 Such multicultural contrasts mean that seasoned travelers are open to ambiguity, willing to realize that there are decidedly different (and equally valid) ways of interpreting the world. This, in turn, allows them to expand the circumference of their “cognitive inputs" as they refuse to settle for their first answers and initial guesses. 这种多元文化对比说明,经验丰富的旅行者会接受对事物的多样性解读,他们欣然认识到对这个世界可以有截然不同(但却同样有效)的方式进行解释。这也从而让他们扩大了“认知输入”的范围,因为他们拒绝仅仅满足于他们的最初答案和先前的猜测。 Of course, this mental flexibility doesn't come from mere distance, a simple change in latitude and longitude. Instead, this renaissance of creativity appears to be a side effect of difference: We need to change cultures, to experience the disorienting diversity of human traditions. The same facets of foreign travel that are so confusing (Do I tip the waiter? Where is this train taking me?) turn out to have a lasting impact, making us more creative because we're less insular. We're reminded of all that we don't know, which is nearly everything; we're surprised by the constant stream of surprises. Even in this globalized age, we can still be amazed at all the earthly things that weren't included in the Lets Go guidebook and that certainly don't exist back home. 当然,这种思维的灵活性不仅仅来自纯粹的距离变化,即简单的经纬度的变化。相反,这种创造力的复兴似乎是差异所带来的副产品:我们需要处于不同的文化中,体验人类传统中纷繁复杂的多样性。在国外旅行中让人迷惑的同一个方面的问题(如我该给服务生小费吗?火车要把我带到哪里?),产生了一种持久的影响,使我们更加具有创造性,因为我们不再那么视野狭隘了。我们了解了我们不知道的东西,而这些东西几乎涵盖了一切;我们对接连不断的惊喜感到惊奇。即使在这个全球化的时代,我们仍然会对所有未包括在旅行指南中的、平常的东西感到惊奇,而这些东西在自己家中也不存在。 So, let's not pretend that travel doesn't have its drawbacks, or that we endure jet lag for pleasure. We don't spend 10 hours lost in the Louvre because we like it, and the view from the top of Machu Picchu probably doesn't make up for the trouble of lost luggage. (More often than not, I need a vacation after my vacation.) We travel because we need to, because distance and difference are the secret cornerstones of creativity. When we get home, home is still the same. But something in our mind has been changed, and that changes everything. 当然,我们也并不是假装旅行没有缺点,或是说我们忍受飞行时差综合反应只是为了消遣。在卢浮宫我们迷路十个小时,那不是因为我们喜欢迷路。我们站在马丘比丘古城遗址顶端俯瞰的风景可能也并不能弥补我们丢失行李的麻烦。(通常,我在假期结束后还需要一个休假。)我们旅行是因为我们需要旅行,因为距离与差异是创造力的秘密基石。我们回家后,家还是那个家,但是我们的思维已经有所改变,而这就可以改变一切。Unit 5 When Work is a Pleasure 课文A Will you be a worker or a laborer? 你想做工作者还是劳役者? To be truly happy, a person must feel both free and important. People are never happy if they feel compelled by society to do work they do not enjoy, or if what they do enjoy is ignored by society as having no value or importance. In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished, the social indications around work, the value of work and the salary, have degraded many laborers into modern slaves - "wage slaves". 一个人要想真正快乐,必须觉得自己既自由又重要。如果觉得自己是受社会逼迫而做自己不喜欢的工作,或者自己喜欢的工作被认为没价值或不重要而遭社会忽视,那他绝不会快乐。在一个奴隶制度严格说来已经被废除的社会里,工作的社会含义、工作的价值和薪水,已经把许多劳役者降格为现代奴隶“薪奴”。 People are considered laborers if their job has an adverse effect on them, yet they feel compelled to continue working by the necessity of conforming to societal expectations and earning the revenue to support themselves and their families. The polar opposite of labor is play. When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, but it is a purely private pastime; society does not care when or whether we play. 如果人们的工作对自己有负面的影响,但为了遵从社会的期望或者挣钱养家糊口而被迫必须继续工作,那么他们就被认为是劳役者。劳役的对立面是玩乐。当我们玩游戏时,我们很享受正在做的事情,但这仅仅是个人娱乐。社会对我们何时玩乐或者是否玩乐并不关心。 Between labor and play stands work. People are labeled as workers if their personal interests coincide with the jobs society pays them to do; what is necessary labor from the point of view of society is voluntary play from the individual's personal point of view. Whether a job is to be designated as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. The difference does not, for example, correlate with the difference between a manual and mental job or between jobs of low or high esteem; a gardener covered in dirt in a greenhouse may be a worker while a well-dressed city mayor may prove to be an unhappy laborer! 处于劳役和玩乐之间的就是工作。如果人们的个人兴趣跟社会付酬让他们做的工作相吻合,他们就被称为工作者。社会上看来一定是苦工的事情对个人来说却是自在的玩乐活动。一份活到底应定为工作还是劳役并不取决于其本身,而是承担这份活的个人感受。比如,二者的区别与是体力活还是脑力活或尊严的高低没有关联。温室里满身尘土的园丁可能是工作者,而衣冠楚楚的市长则可能是一个不开心的劳役者! People's attitude toward their work determines everything. To workers, leisure means simply the hours they need to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. Workers are therefore more prone to dedicate more time to working, taking too little leisure rather than too much. To laborers, on the other hand, leisure means autonomy from compulsion, so it is natural for them to imagine that the fewer hours they have to spend laboring, and the more hours they have free for play, the better. 人们对自己工作的态度决定了一切。对工作者而言,闲暇只是为了更有效地工作而需要放松休息的时间。因此,工作者更倾向于投入更多的时间工作,而花在休闲上的时间并非很多,而是很少。而对劳役者而言,休闲意味着从被迫状态中得到自主。因此,他们自然会想,花在劳作上的时间越少,自在玩乐的时间越多,则越好。 Besides the mere hours spent in leisure, workers and laborers differ in the amount of personal satisfaction they derive from their jobs. Workers who enjoy their jobs will be happier, less stressed, and generally more satisfied with their lives. They will also work with more diligence and precision because they have fostered a sense of personal pride in their jobs. On the other hand, laborers, whose sole incentive is earning their livelihood, feel that the time they spend on the daily grind is wasted and doesn't contribute to their happiness. Instead of valuing all 24 hours of their day as enjoyable and productive hours, they gauge only the time spent in leisure and play as meaningful. Unfortunately, laborers are all too commonplace, and only a small percentage of the population is in the lucky position of being workers. 除了花在闲暇上的时间不同,工作者和劳役者的区别还在于他们从工作中获得的个人满足感不同。工作者喜欢自己的工作,感觉更快乐,更轻松,通常对自己的生活更满意。他们工作起来也会更勤奋,更精细,因为他们对自己的工作已经产生了一种自豪感。相反,由于劳役者的唯一动力是挣生活费,他们觉得每天花在苦差上的时间是一种浪费,不会让自己快乐。他们不把每天的 24 小时都当作愉快有用的时光,认为只有花在休闲娱乐上的时间才是有意义的。不幸的是,劳役者太常见了,只有一小部分人能有幸成为工作者。 In recent decades, technological innovation and the division of labor have caused major economic changes by eliminating the need for special strength or skill in many fields and have turned many paid occupations with enjoyable work into boring labor. Increasing productivity with automated machines, such as robots, has reduced the number of necessary laboring hours. It is possible to imagine an upcoming society in which the majority of the population will have almost as much leisure time as in earlier times was enjoyed by the medieval aristocracy. The medieval aristocrats had an abundance of leisure time but often wasted it in trivial pursuit of games and fashion. Likewise, modern-day laborers with too much leisure time may find it difficult to refrain from the addictive and trivial pursuits of celebrity gossip, extravagant fashion, and excessive video games and TV - similar bad habits that waste valuable time. 近几十年,技术创新和劳动分工使许多领域不再需要专长或特殊技能,导致了重大经济变革,把许多可以通过开心工作来挣钱的职业变成了枯燥的劳役。随着自动化机器如机器人的使用,日益提高的生产力减少了必要的劳作时间。可以想象,在即将到来的社会中,大多数人会拥有同早期中世纪贵族一样多的闲暇时间。中世纪贵族有大量的闲暇时间,但却往往耗费在玩游戏和对时尚的无聊追求上。同样,有太多闲暇时间的现代劳役者们会觉得很难摆脱那些无聊又易上瘾的追求,像名人八卦、奢华时尚、过度电子游戏和电视等诸如此类浪费宝贵时间的坏习惯。 However, it's not necessary to take such a toxic attitude toward such a positive thing as leisure time. In fact, in many countries, people now use their leisure time to improve their minds and their working conditions to create a happier, more contented life. Lifelong learning can make the difference between being bored, unhappy laborers and workers who find meaning and joy in their employment and life. "Continuing education" or "experiential learning" can offer an array of classes from pleasant diversions such as sports, art classes or music to leadership development, advanced accounting skills, or CAD (computer-aided design), to name only a few. 不过,没必要对休闲这种正面的事情采取如此否定的态度。事实上,目前在很多国家,人们利用闲暇时间去提高认识,改善工作环境,以创造更快乐安逸的生活。终身学习对做一个乏味不开心的劳役者,还是成为一个从职业和生活中发现意义和乐趣的工作者有重要的影响。“继续教育”或“体验学习”能提供一系列课程,略举几例,如从运动、艺术或音乐等休闲娱乐课程到领导力拓展、高级会计或 CAD (计算机辅助设计)等。 Whatever the job, people who enjoy their work find time passes quickly. They hurl their passion into their work, be it physical like the work of a smith, or more mental like that of a scientist or an artist. Even purely mental work can suffice as an outlet, as aptly expressed by the phrase "sinking one's teeth into a problem". 不管是什么工作,喜欢自己工作的人总发现时间过得飞快。不管是铁匠的体力活,还是像科学家或艺术家从事的偏脑力的活,他们在工作中都会投入激情。即便是纯脑力活也足以让他们挥洒激情,恰如短语表达的那样,“全身心投入问题中”。 Eventually, everyone has to find a job and earn a living. Laborers are slaving away at a job they don't enjoy for a small monetary reward, waiting all day until they go home and play. But while laborers are counting down the hours, workers are energized and focused, taking optimum pleasure in the task at hand. By choosing a job that is both useful to society and personally fulfilling, workers maintain a simultaneous sense of purpose and enthusiasm that improves their whole lives. So in the end, whatever job you choose, you must contend with this essential question: Will you be a laborer or a worker? 最终,每个人都得找一份工作谋生。劳役者仅为了一点金钱报酬,像奴隶一样做自己并不喜欢的工作,一天到晚等着回家玩乐。但是当劳役者倒数着时间之时,工作者则干劲十足,全神贯注,从手头的任务中享受到最大的快乐。他们通过选择一份有益社会、成就自我的工作,怀揣着一种使命感和热情,提升了自己的整个生活。因此到头来,不管你选择什么工作,都必须面对这个根本问题:“你想做一名劳役者还是工作者?”Unit 6 War and Peace 课文A Under the bombs:1945 1945:在炮火