新编大学英语(浙大版)第一册第三单元Unit 3 Culture课文翻译.docx

Book IUnit 3 Culture文化Teaching Aims: 教学目标:In this unit students are required to :在本单元，学生须1) get to know some useful information concerning the topic of the reading passages in this unit and to know more about English culture;了解有关本单元阅读内容的一些有用信息，了解更多关于英语文化的知识;2) ssion, group work, etc. to practice their spoken skill and communicative skills;do some preparation activities such as discu练习他们的口语技巧和交际技巧;做一些准备活动，如discu3) grasp some new words and try to use these words which help them to enrich their vocabulary;掌握一些新单词，试着用这些单词来丰富他们的词汇;4) read the in-class reading passage in a limited time and grasp some expressions and grammatical points in the in-class reading passage to improve their reading comprehension;在有限的时间内阅读课堂上的阅读文章，掌握课堂阅读中的一些表达和语法点，提高阅读理解能力;5) do some post-reading exercises and some after-class reading to practice what they have got to know in class to improve their English comprehensive skills.;做一些课后阅读练习和课后阅读练习，以提高他们在课堂上的知识，提高他们的英语综合技能。6) translate some typical sentences into Chinese or English by using some expressions learned in the reading passages to acquire some translating skills and better their translating abilities.运用阅读中的一些句型，将一些典型的句子翻译成汉语或英语，以获得一些翻译技巧，提高翻译的能力。I. Useful Information 有用的信息Culture is a very broad term used to describe the arts, the beliefs, the values, the traditions, the customs, and the institutions that are considered to be characteristic of a community, a people, a region, or a nation. Culture also includes the languages and dialects that people use to express their feelings and to communicate with each other. It is often difficult to separate language and culture since, in most cases, language is the main medium through which culture is transmitted. Most people feel that it is impossible to really know a culture without speaking the language. In some immigrant populations in North America, however, the original language (French, German, Chinese, Polish, etc.) has been lost but customs and traditions are still maintained.文化是一个非常宽泛的术语，用来描述艺术、信仰、价值观、传统、习俗以及被认为是社区、人民、地区或国家的特征的机构。文化还包括人们用来表达感情和相互交流的语言和方言。语言和文化往往很难分开，因为在大多数情况下，语言是传播文化的主要媒介。大多数人都认为，在没有语言的情况下，真正了解一种文化是不可能的。然而，在北美的一些移民群体中，最初的语言(法语、德语、汉语、波兰语等)已经消失，但习俗和传统仍然保持着。Although many cultures in the world have remained isolated for centuries, commerce and trade have often been the source of all sorts of cultural exchanges, ranging from foods to tools. Chinese fine china and other inventions reached Europe thanks to the silk route, for example. However, cultural exchanges have not always been fair or balanced. The native population of North and South America were killed or destroyed (a large part of) by disease and alcohol brought by the Europeans. Throughout history, wars and political decisions have destroyed cultures and forced people to adopt the language and the customs of the dominant civilization.尽管世界上许多文化已经被隔离了几个世纪，但商业和贸易经常是各种文化交流的来源，从食物到工具。例如，中国的优秀瓷器和其他发明都是由于丝绸之路而到达欧洲的。然而，文化交流并不总是公平或平衡的。北美和南美的土著居民被欧洲人带来的疾病和酒精杀死或摧毁(大部分)。纵观历史，战争和政治决定破坏了文化，迫使人们采用了统治文明的语言和习俗。It is often assumed that if a culture is technologically advanced, it must be superior or that if a culture is young it must be inferior. Everyone tends to make value judgments about other cultures. Finding fault with or making fun of other customs and beliefs is often merely a way of bolstering (supporting a theory cause etc.) our complacency (feeling of personal content, satisfaction) our pride. It is certainly much easier to learn about other cultures if one approaches them with an open mind and if one respects differences rather than criticizing them. Often something that appears strange or unusual in other cultures is in fact very logical and part of a deeply rooted tradition. What might seem rude in one culture might seem perfectly normal and acceptable in another culture. Tolerance and curiosity are key factors in all cross-cultural learning experiences.人们常常认为，如果一种文化在技术上是先进的，它必须是优越的，或者如果一种文化是年轻的，它一定是低等的。每个人都倾向于对其他文化做出价值判断。发现错误或取笑其他习俗和信仰往往仅仅是一种支持(支持某一理论原因等)我们的自满(对个人内容的感觉，满足感)我们的骄傲。如果一个人以开放的心态去学习，如果一个人尊重差异而不是批评他们，那就更容易了解其他文化。通常在其他文化中出现奇怪或不寻常的事情，实际上是非常符合逻辑的，也是根深蒂固的传统的一部分。在一种文化中看似粗鲁的东西，在另一种文化中似乎是完全正常和可以接受的。宽容和好奇是所有跨文化学习经历的关键因素。Although modern transportation and communications have reduced the word to a “global village”, there are still many fascinating cultural differences to explore. Discovering how people from other regions or other countries see the world can be an enriching experience. Tasting (taste) new foods, listening to different music, and studying the architecture or the literature of other cultures can open up new perspectives on life.尽管现代交通和通讯已经将这个词简化为“地球村”，但仍有许多令人着迷的文化差异可供探索。了解来自其他地区或其他国家的人们如何看待世界是一种丰富的经验。品尝新食物，听不同的音乐，研究其他文化的建筑或文学，可以打开新的生活视角。II. Preparation准备1Clearing up a misunderstandingThe reason is that the thumb-and-forefinger-in-a-circle (the okay gesture), a friendly one in America, has an insulting meaning in France and Belgium: “You are worth zero.,” while in Greece and Turkey it is an insulting or vulgar(rude/showing bad banners) sexual invitation.原因在于，在美国，一个友好的拇指和大拇指的圆圈(ok手势)，在法国和比利时有一种侮辱性的含义:“你值零。”“在希腊和土耳其，这是一种侮辱或粗俗(无礼/显示糟糕的横幅)的性邀请。”2Bridging a gapAt first he didnt understand the question “How do you find it here?” It was inappropriate for him to answer the above-mentioned question by saying: “ Well, I dont know,” It was better to say something about his impressions of the country. And it would help to keep the conversation going. “How much do you know?” was a difficult question for Geri to answer. “A lot” or “A little” the tow possible replies, in fact, would not be satisfactory to Liu Zongren. He said his last name when he meant his first name. It was ridiculous for him to say “Thank you” at the end of the conversation because there seemed to be nothing for him to thank them for.起初，他不明白这个问题:“你怎么在这里找到它?”对他来说，回答上述问题是不合适的，他说:“嗯，我不知道，”最好是说说他对这个国家的印象。这将有助于保持谈话的进行。“你知道多少?”对格里来说，这是一个很难回答的问题。“很多”或“一点点”“可能的回答，实际上，对刘祖仁来说是不满意的。”他说他的姓是他的第一个名字。在谈话结束时，他说“谢谢”是很可笑的，因为他似乎没有什么值得感谢的地方。Notes:1) bowing like a Japanese:The Japanese are noted for their courtesy(polite behavior). They bow all the time and repeatedly. Japanese who greet people from the west often try to do two things at once. They try to follow local customs. They also try to shake hands at the same time-following western traditions. But they mix both. As they shake hands, they also move their body up and down as if they are bowing. It looks like they are trying to pump water from an old pump at a well.日本人以礼貌而闻名(礼貌的行为)。他们不停地鞠躬。问候西方国家的日本人常常同时做两件事。他们试图追随当地的风俗。他们也试图同时握手遵循西方的传统。但他们混合。当他们握手时，他们也会像鞠躬一样上下移动身体。看起来他们正试图从一口井里的旧水泵抽水。2) ritual and a great deal of one-upmanship:Here “ritual” refers to the things people unanimously (unanimous: in/showing complete agreement) do or say when parting. “One-upmanship” means one tries to be more polite than the other. If one says one “Goodbye”, the other will say it two or three times.这里的“仪式”指的是人们在分手时一致(一致地:在/表现出完全一致的)做或说的事情。“one - up风度”是指一个人试图比另一个人更有礼貌。如果一个人说“再见”，另一个人会说两到三次。3) That same “slow” is used in another polite expression used by the host at the end of a particular large and delicious meal to assure his guests what a poor and inadequate host he has been.（这里 “slow”被用在“怠慢” 这个词组里）同样的“慢”也被用来作为主人在一顿丰盛美味的晚餐的最后一种礼貌的表达，以确保他的客人是一个贫穷和不称职的主人。III. In-Class Reading ActivitiesBridging Cultural Gaps Gracefully1 .to slip into: pass gradually into a state or situation, in a way that is hardly noticed.v It amazed him how easily one could slip into a routine.v He slipped into the room when no one was looking.v The boy slipped into bed and went right to sleep.to slip ones memory/mind: to be forgottenv These points had entirely slipped my memory. His name slipped my mind 2.without all your foreignness exposed (without +N+P.P)e.g. without all your weakness exposedwithout all the mail deliveredwithout all the products deliveredwithout all the apples picked without all her sensitivity revealed3. to start out: begin e.g. He has started out to study French. He stared out to write his report.We all start out in life as helpless infants.to start out :leave; set outWe stared out from home in the morning.Bill started out for school on his bicycle.4. when it came to seeing: When talking about seeing; When it was a case or question of seeingv When it comes to relationships, everyone makes mistakes.v When it comes to hard work, you can rely on him.v When it comes to mathematics, I am completely at sea.v The school has very good teachers, but when comes to buildings, the school is very poor.5. to see sb off: to go to an airport, station etc. with sb who is leavingv to see his friends off at the bus stop v Are you coming to see us off at the station?v This morning he had not even come to see them off.to see about sth: to deal with v The first thing we must do when we arrive in London is to see about a hotel. to see through sb/ sth : not be deceived by v He cannot fool me; I can see through him every time. v I saw through his trick.to see sth through: continue it until the end v Whatever happens, well see the struggle throughto see to sth : attend to it v There was much to see to. v Who is seeing to the arrangements for the meeting?6.An abrupt goodbye would not do. to do : be acceptable（行，合适，可以，凑合）v Will it do if we let you have an answer by Friday?v It will do if you let me know in an hour or so.v That is not quite what I wanted, but I think it will do.7. to smooth over: to make (difficulties) seem small or unimportant使缓解，使 平息下来v It will be difficult for you to smooth over your differences after so many years.经过这么多年，你想消除你们之间的分歧谈何容易。v The teacher smoothed over the quarrel between the two boys.v Bill tried to smooth over his argument with Mary making her laugh.8. to pick up: get, gain（非正规地）学会，学到v He picked up French while he was staying in Paris.v Young children soon pick up words they hear their elders use.v Statistics isnt a subject that can be picked up in a month.to pick up: take hold of and liftv He picked up the book and gave it to her.to pick up: gather together ; collect v Pick up your room before mother sees it.to pick up: to give sb a liftv Pick me up at the hotel. At the next corner the bus stopped and picked up 3 people.9. to send sb off: to say good-bye to sb; to see sb offv There was a large crowd to send him off.v All the students want to send the teacher off.to send sth off: to post/mail (a letter, parcel, message)v I would like to send off the parcel by early post.v Why havent you got my letter? I sent it off last week.to send sb off: (esp. in football) to cause a player to leave the field because of a serious breaking of the rulesv The judge sent Li Jingyu off10.to involve : cause to take part inv This problem involves us all. Dont involve you in the quarrel.v Thats no concern of me. Im not involved.to involve: have as a necessary resultv To accept this work involves living in London.v Housework involves cooking, washing dishes, sweeping and cleaning.v The plan involves the co-operation of both young and old.11.to assure(sb that)to cause sb to be sure向谁保证，肯定地说v I assure you that you are wrong.v I assure you that the medicine cannot harm you.v Nothing can assure permanent happiness.to assure sb of向。保证一定，肯定地向说v I can assure you of my full support for your plan.v He assures us of his ability to work.to ensure: to make sure保证，使一定得到to ensure sb sth. to ensure sth to sb to ensure that v The book ensured his success.v This medicine will ensure you a good nights sleep.v These documents ensure to you the authority you needv I cannot ensure that he will be there in time. .to insure: make a contract that promises to pay a sum of money in case of accident, loss, death etc.v The old lady has insured her life.v My house is insured against fire.12.to put sb to trouble:给某人造成麻烦，增添麻烦v I dont like putting you to so much trouble.v I am sorry for putting you to so much trouble.v I dont want to put you to a lot of trouble.to ask/look for trouble: behave so as to cause troublev What made you write such a letter? It was asking for trouble. v Dont you go looking for trouble?to get into trouble: to be in troublev He is always getting into trouble with the police.to get sb into troublev If you do, you might get me into trouble.to have trouble in doing: to have difficulty in doingv Did you have much in finding the house? I have some trouble in reading the letter.v to take trouble over sth; to take trouble to do sth: use much care and effort in doing sthv He should take more trouble over his work. v He has taken endless trouble to make a success of our picnic.v They took a lot of trouble to find the right person for the job.13.to insist on :to order strongly坚持要求，一定要v I insist on an answer.v He insisted on a second message being sent.v She insisted on lending them a car.v He insisted on her staying in London.to insist thatshould do/bev Mary insisted that he be present.v I insisted that he (should) go.to insist : to declare firmly坚持说，强调v I insisted my correctness. He insists on the need to work hard.v I insisted to everyone that he was wrong.v He insisted that I ought to see Brown alone.14.to go against sth: be opposed or contrary to sth违背，违反v His thinking goes against all logic.v They are going against our wishes.to go against: to resist or oppose抵抗或反对v Dont go against your parents. v He went against the advice of his friends and resigned.15. to be likely to do It is likely that (likely: that seems reasonable /probable)v It is likely to rain. I thought I wasnt likely to see you again.v It is likely that he will do very well.(He is likely to do very well.)v Its highly likely that he will succeed.16.to hold true也符合的情况， 能成立v It has always held true that man cannot live without laws.v Bob is a good boy and that holds true of Jim.17. with regard to: in regard to; concerning; about ;on; with respect tov With regard to John, I will write to him at once.v I spoke to him with regard to his low marks.v In regard to your problem, I should like to make a suggestion.v In regard to the test tomorrow, it is postponed.v With respect to those letters, I think the best thing is to burn them.v He wants to talk to you with respect to your journey.18. to take(a)pride in: to be proud of ,to pride oneself on v His letters indicate that he loved his son, and took pride in him.v He takes a pride in his work.v He prided himself on being a man of self-control.19. to take ones word(for It):to believe what one saysv You can take my word that he is innocent.v They took his word for it when he promised to return the money within a week.III. Reading Comprehension Activi