高中英语阅读技巧及训练（附练习答案）.docx

阅读技巧+训练1 词汇积累，尤其是大纲核心动词词汇是一点点积累起来的，从现在开始一直到高考，每天按照自己的情况去定量背单词，也可以每天保持一小段时间的泛读，是活跃英文思维、积累词汇的最好方式之一，这个时间可以是早晨、午休、甚至是睡前。2 多做阅读练习，阅读理解是通过大量练习最容易提高分数的部分3 改正错误的阅读习惯错误一：每个单词逐一停顿并逐一翻译地阅读。现阶段，我们一定要加大目光跨度，以意群、句子，甚至几个句子为一个单位移动，必要的时候进行跳读。我们以新概念英语第三册第2课中的第一句为例：Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another.对这句话我们的阅读停顿方式就不能是：Our /vicar/ is/ always/ raising/ money /for /one /cause /or /another.而至少应为：Our vicar/ is always raising money/ for one cause or another.错误二：习惯性的低声朗读或嘴唇蠕动着默读。错误三：用手或笔指着卷面一排排地导读。这些习惯都会严重影响我们的阅读速度，甚至使我们在考场上做不完所有考题，令人追悔莫及，扼腕痛惜。4 练习正确的做题步骤“顺序”原则，即出题的顺序和行文顺序基本一致。阅读理解的题型无外乎三四大题型：细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题，但不论哪种题型出题的顺序一般都遵循“顺序”原则。第一步：通读即“skim” (read quickly to get the main ideas ) 。通读采用的是速读法，同学们大可不必在这一环节花费掉过多的时间，在几秒钟内达到以下目的即可;A.识别文体，掌握结构B.了解文章的主旨大意第二步：读题即浏览短文后面试题。在仔细阅读试题的提干和四个选项以后，了解该题的题型和考查内容，然后带着问题有目的地复读短文，这样就能在阅读过程中加快速度、集中思想，敏锐地捕捉到与题目相关的信息，从而有的放矢地找到答案。第三步：复读即“scan” (read quickly without careful reading, often looking for a particular thing, such as facts, names, time, figures, etc)。复读采用的是跳读法，同学们应按照试题要求，有针对性地从文章中迅速找出所需要的关键信息。需要注意的是，完成一篇高考阅读理解题的主要时间分布都应放在第二、三步上面。因为在高考英语的考场上，我们的目的就是做对题，而不是欣赏文章，所以从头到尾地看文章反而显得不那么必要了。同学们一定要把高考考场阅读方法和我们平时的阅读方法区分开来。第四步：核查对那些在第一遍做题时感觉把握不大或难度较高的题目，尤其是概括归纳题、作者意图题或推理题等，可以在最后根据全文及各题答案反复思考、认真比较，观察所选答案与原文在意思、时态、单复数等是否一致，是否符合逻辑。而对细节题、词汇题、指代题和图形题等，不能仅凭自己的主观臆想，而是要在原文中的相关段落找到根据，才能做到准确无误。这一点，在完成词汇题时尤其要注意。5不同题型，各个击破一、重述题(re-statement)，多数情况下为细节题，选择答案时应注意：1、错误的答案中包含原文中的某些词语的同义词，比较容易识别，但对原文的信息有所遗漏或添加。2、错误的答案往往重复原文词语，但与原文语境相脱离，意义混乱。二、推理题(inference)应避免选择过分概括(over-generalization)的选项，即没有限制成分的结论。三、总结题应避免过分宽泛或非常具体的陈述，排除那些涉及细节的答案，选择那些对文章表面内容有一定深化的表达。四、词汇题(lexical item)的正确答案可能是文章某个词的同义词、反义词、上义词或下义词。但需要注意的是，很多同学自恃词汇量超强，在遇到词汇题时过分轻敌，根本不看原文就直接选答案，结果恰好跌进出题者挖好的陷阱里去。所以我们在做词汇题时，一定要认真阅读文章，把选项一一代入到原文中去，仔细比较，从而选出最佳答案。（1）细节理解题1）直接细节题：此类题是对原文直接信息的考察，只要理解字面意思即可答题。2）间接细节题：此类题往往不能直接找到答案，需要对信息进行加工处理，简单归纳、概括才能答题。3）是非判断题：此类题型有两种形式：三对一错或三错一对。一般情况下此类题中出现all, never, only等完全肯或完全否定的词时，及排除。4）排列顺序题：此类题一般在选项中列举一些具体的事实，然后让考生进行排序，做这类型题根据事情的发生的先后顺序或时间顺序以及句子间的逻辑关系。5）图文匹配题：这类型的题比较简单，因为它增加了试题的直观性，此类题分两种：一是依文选图；二是依图选文。6）数字计算题：此类题会涉及年代、人物年龄、需付钱数等计算。做这类型题，把文中出现的数字全都做上标记，找出相关计算方式计算即可得出答案。（2）推理判断题（要求精读文章）1）细节推断题：通过文章的字面意思领悟作者的言外之意和文章的真正含义。这类题得精读文章，理解文章真正含义。2）态度倾向题：这类题得通过理解文章基础上判断。3）篇章结构题：这类题型要求考生必须对文章结构、作者的写作思路掌握。4）写作方法题：要求必须知道一些写作方法的英文写法。比如举例子、下定义、对比等。（3）主旨大意题 1）段落大意题和文章大意题：概括、归纳文章大意。此类题学生要学会一“找”；二 “概括”找文首、文尾、文首和文尾、文中、段首、短尾、段首和短尾；利用找到的 信息进行归纳概括。 2）写作意图题：在理解文章大意基础上判断作者写作意图。主要还是理解文章主旨大 意。3）标题归纳题：选标题切记不能太大，即与主旨大意里的远，显得空洞。；不能太小， 即标题只含有文章部分内容，不全面。 （4）词义猜测题1）代词猜测：此类题在词义猜测题中是属于简单题型，只要结合上下文理解代词所指 代的对象是谁即可。2）熟词语境义：此类型题词语均是大纲词汇，只是要结合上下文理解在语境中的意思。3）超纲生词：此类题是词义猜测题中较难的，需要考生对文章理解的基础上猜测生词 的意义，要求考生词汇量要丰富。通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果， 常识，上下文等线索确定词义。三、读理解的解题核心定位“定位”即每一道题我们在原文中都能找到它出现的位置。但怎么准确的定位是我们学习的关键。（1）先读问题，了解问了“什么”。（2）读问题，找出问题关键词。（3）文中定位。（4）根据定位句解题，如果定位句不够全面，就结合段落中心句，定位句的上句加下句，组成解题“黄金三角区”进行解题。总结：正确选项一定要“定位”到原文，有“对应”，有“改写”；而错误选项则是“定位”错误、“无中生有”、“拼凑细节”、“偷换概念”、“扩大范围”和“凭借常识”。我们以NMET的一篇阅读为例：EVENTS(赛事)Bicycle tour(旅行)and raceA bike tour and race will be held on August 26 and 27 (Sat. & Sun.). At 5:30 am, the riders will leave Tian anmen Square and ride the first 35 kilometers as a training leg. Then the next 55 kilometers leg, from Yanjiao to Jixian, will be the first competitive (竞争性的) part of the tour. The riders and their bikes will then be taken from Jixian to Changli.The second racing leg of the tour will be from Changli to the seaside of Nandahe, coving a distance of 20 kilometers. Saturday night includes the stay at Nandaihe and supper. Sunday morning is free for play at the seaside. At noon all the people and their bikes will be taken back to Beijing.Cost: 200 yuanTelephone:467502768. The underline word “leg” in “Bicycle tour and race” probably means _a) raceb) practicec) part of the trainingd) part of the tour看完题干，同学们首先想到“leg”的意思是“腿”，而在我们的四个选项中都没有与这一意思相匹配的答案，且根据上下文判断，把“leg”翻译为腿，此时也明显不正确。于是我们把题目的选项一一代入，答案就十分明了。首先，把A选项的race代入原文，文章就成了“Then the next 55 kilometers race, from Yanjiao to Jixian, will be the first competitive part of the tour”，而前一句也就成了“ride the first 35 kilometers as a training race”，而race 本来也是一种competitive的性质，所以这两句中的first就自相矛盾了。B代入后也不对，因为practice 不是competitive;C选项也是同样，如果我们把C选项的part of the training代入到首次出现leg的句子，即文章第二句，就成了At 5:30 am, the riders willride the first 35 kilometers as a training part of the training. 两个training，逻辑上也不通，故也排除。最后答案选D. part of the tour.结语实际阅读能力的提高不是靠短时间的突击就能做到的，需要我们持之以恒、长期坚持采用正确的方法进行操练。(1)Your glasses may someday replace your smartphone, and some New Yorkers are ready for the switch. Some in the city cant wait to try them on and use the maps and GPS that the futuristic eyewear is likely to include.“Id use it if I were hanging out with friends at 3 a.m. and going to the bar and wanted to see what was open,”said Walter Choo, 40, of Fort Greene.The smartphone-like glasses will likely come out this year and cost between $250 and $600, the Times said, possibly including a variation of augmented(增强的)reality, a technology already available on smartphones and tablets(平板电脑)that overlays information onto the screen about ones surroundings. So, for example, if you were walking down a street, indicators would pop up showing you the nearest coffee shop or directions could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in front of you.“As far as a mainstream consumer product, this just isnt something anybody needs,”said Sam Biddle, who writes for G. “Were accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things,”he added,“and the average consumer isnt gonna be able to afford another device(装置)thats hundreds and hundreds of dollars.”9to5Google publisher Seth Weintraub, who has been reporting on the smartphone-like glasses since late last year, said he is confident that this type of wearable device will eventually be as common as smartphones.“Its just like smartphones 10 years ago,” Weintraub said. “A few people started getting emails on their phones, and people thought that was crazy. Same kind of thing. We see people bending their heads to look at their smartphones, and its unnatural,” he said. “Theres gonna be improvements to that, and this a step there.”1.One of the possible functions of the smartphone-like glasses is to.A. program the opening hours of a barB. supply you with a picture of the futureC. provide information about your surroundingsD. update the maps and GPS in your smartphones2.The underlined phrase “pop up”in the third paragraph probably means“”.A. develop rapidlyB. get round quicklyC. appear immediatelyD. go over automatically3.According to Sam Biddle, the smartphone-like glasses are .A. necessary for teenagersB. attractive to New YorkersC. available to people worldwideD. expensive for average consumers4.We can learn from the last two paragraphs that the smartphone-like glasses .A. may have a potential marketB. are as common as smartphonesC. are popular among young adultsD. will be improved by a new technology【文章大意】作者介绍了一种迷你手机型的眼镜的用途,以及不同的人对它的不同看法。【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的“.information onto the screen about ones surroundings.”可知,这种迷你手机型的眼镜有地图和GPS装置,可以在屏幕上显示你周围环境的信息,故答案选C。A、D表述错误;B项没有提到。【解析】选C。根据上句可知,这种眼镜的屏幕上会显示你周围环境的信息,因此当你逛街的时候,指示器会立刻为你指明最近的咖啡馆并绘制方向路线。【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据Sam Biddle的话“.be able to afford another device thats hundreds and hundreds of dollars.”可知,他认为这种眼镜对于普通消费者来说是昂贵的,故答案选D。【解析】选A。段落大意题。最后两段是用Weintraub的观点来说明这种手机将会有很大的市场。B、C项还没有实现;D项没有提及。(2)You cant always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesnt think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. Thats why he created Lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain-sensing umbrella. The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞篷)built into a street lamp.”he said. The Lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining. In addition to the rain sensor, theres also a 360°motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed. According to the designer, the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike. Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed(安装)at 2 metres off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter. 1. For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?A. To predict a heavy rain.B. To check the weather forecast.C. To protect people from the rain.D. To remind people to take an umbrella.2. What do we know from Belyaevs words in Paragraph 2?A. His creation was inspired by an experience.B. It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.C. Street lamps are protected by canopies.D. He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.3. Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?A. motorcanopysensorsB. sensorsmotorcanopyC. motorsensorscanopyD. canopymotorsensors4. What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?A. Its moving speed.B. Its appearance. C. Its installation.D. Its safety.5. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The designer will open a company to promote his product.B. The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.C. The designer is confident that his creation is practical.D. The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.【文章大意】本文是一篇科技说明文, 主要介绍了设计师Belyaev的一项创造Lampbrella及它的工作原理、安全性、应用前景等方面的知识。【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第三句.Belyaev doesnt think that forgetting to check the weather forecast.Thats why he created Lampbrella.可知他创造Lampbrella的目的是为了防止人们被雨淋, 所以选C。【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段可知他的这种想法是在看到俄罗斯圣彼得堡一个中心街道上人们被雨淋时产生的。所以选A。【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段, 这种Lampbrella是一个被配备了伞篷(canopy)的路灯杆, 它有一个内置的电动机(electric motor)和几个传感器(sensors), 可以在下雨时给行人提供保护。首先是传感器感知有雨, 然后通过电动机给伞篷提供动力。所以选B。【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据本段中的.the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, .it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike.及Being installed at 2 metres off the ground.可知, 本段主要在强调Lampbrella的安全性, 所以选D。【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“insists his creation could be installed on any street where.”可知, 他认为自己的产品是很实用的。而A、D两项没提, B项错在immediate, 所以选C。【周一至周五每天两篇】高中英语限时阅读理解 10篇1、（1分）5分钟完成 O. Henry was a pen name used by an American writer of short stories. His real name was William Sydney Porter. He was born in North Carolina in 1862. As a young boy he lived an exciting life. He did not go to school for very long, but he managed to teach himself everything he needed to know. When he was about 20 years old, O. Henry went to Texas, where he tried different jobs. He first worked on a newspaper, and then had a job in a bank, when some money went missing from the bank O. Henry was believed to have stolen it. Because of that, he was sent to prison. During the three years in prison, he learned to write short stories. After he got out of prison, he went to New York and continued writing. He wrote mostly about New York and the life of the poor there. People liked his stories, because simple as the tales were, they would finish with a sudden change at the end, to the readers surprise.1. In which order did O. Henry do the following things? a. Lived in New York. b. Worked in a bank. c. Travelled to Texas. d. Was put in prison. e. Had a newspaper Job. f. Learned to write stories. A. e. c. f. b. d. a B. c. e. b. d. f. a C. e. b. d. c. a. f. D. c. b. e. d. a f. 2. People enjoyed reading O. Henrys stories because A. they had surprise endings B. they were easy to understand C. they showed his love for the poorD. they were about New York City 3. O. Henry went to prison because . A. people thought he had stolen money from the newspaper B. he broke the law by not using his own name C. he wanted to write stories about prisoners D. people thought he had taken money that was not his4. What do we know about O. Henry before he began writing? A. He was well-educated.B. He was not serious about his work. C. He was devoted to the poor.D. He was very good at learning.5. Where did O. Henry get most material for his short stories? A. His life inside the prison.B. The newspaper articles he wrote. C. The city and people of New York.D. His exciting early life as a boy.2、（1分）5分钟完成 One day a few years ago a very funny thing happened to a neighbour of mine. He is a teacher at one of Londons big medical schools, He had finished his teaching for the summer term and was at the airport on his way to Russia to give a lecture. He had put a few clothes and his lecture notes in his shoulder bag, but he had put Rupert, the skeleton (人体骨骼) to be used in his lecture, in a large brown suitcase (箱子). At the airport desk, he suddenly thought that he had forgotten to buy a newspaper. He left his suitcase near the desk and went over to the shop. When he got back he discovered that someone had taken his suitcase by mistake. He often wonders what they said when they got home and found Rupert.1. Who wrote the story? A. Ruperts teacher.B. The neighbours teacher. C. A medical school teacher.D. The teachers neighbour.2. Why did the teacher put a skeleton in his suitcase? A. He needed it for the summer term in London. B. He needed it for the lecture he was going to give. C. He wanted to take it to Russia for medical research. D. He wanted to take it home as he had finished his teaching.3. What happened at the airport? A. The skeleton went missing .B. The skeleton was stolen . C. The teacher forgot his suitcase.D. The teacher took the wrong suitcase .4. Which of the following best tells the teachers feeling about the incident? A. He is very angry .B. He thinks it rather funny . C. He feels helpless without Rupert.D. He feels good without Rupert .5. Which of the following might have happened afterwards?