高考英语语法定语从句复习.docx

江苏省石庄高级中学2007届高考英语语法定语从句复习目 录第一部分 基本知识第二部分 高考考点分析第三部分 定语从句与其他从句或句型的区分第四部分 定语从句与易混句型练与析第五部分 真题演练第六部分 巩固练习第一部分 基本知识定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。表一：总体概念分类指代引导词关系代词人who, whom, that, as事物which, that, as人或物（表所属关系）whose关系副词地点where时间when原因why 表二：关系代词的基本用法 关系代词指代例句解释who人The man who helped you is Mr White.在定从中作主语whomThat is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.在定从中作宾语，可省略whoseHe is the father whose son studies very well in our class.在定从中作定语thatI´m not the fool that you thought me to be.在定从中作表语asHe is such a lazy man as nobody wants to work with.在定从中作宾语that事物The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.在定从中作宾语whichA dictionary is a useful book which tells us the meaning of words在定从中作主语whoseHe lives in a room whose window faces south在定从中作定语asIt is such a big stone as nobody can lift.在定从中作宾语整句内容As is known to all, he is the best student.在定从中作主语表三：关系副词的基本用法 关系代词指代例句解释when时间Would you suggest a time when we can have a talk?在定从中作状语where地点The house where they live is not very large.在定从中作状语why原因This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.在定从中作状语第二部分 高考考点分析考点一考查以that与which引导的定语从句通常只能用that的情况(1)当先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, anything, nothing ,everything , none等时。例如：His brother did _ she could to help him .A. all which B. all what C. all D. which 解析句中did是及物动词，后缺少宾语，而could后又省略了动词do，所以用all作did的宾语，all后面省略了关系代词that，故答案选C。(2)先行词被序数词，形容词的最高级以及被 all ; any ;every ;each ;few ;little; no ;some ;the only ;the very，the same ;the last 等修饰时。例如：He is the only student that (who) is punished for breaking the school rules .(3)如果两个先行词一个指人，一个指物，应用关系代词that 。The famous writer and his works that the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among theviewers.(4)先行词是who时：Who that have seen him does not like him?通常只用which的情况(1)关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句，只能用which。例如：Her sister has become a lawyer, _ she wanted to be. (05湖北卷)A. who B. that C. what D. which解析先行词lawyer尽管是人，但这儿表示职业，这是一个非限定定语从句，关系代词在句中作宾语，只能用which ，不能用that，所以答案选D。(2)关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面整个句子内容时，只能用which。例如：Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. （05浙江卷）A. which B. that C. this D. it 解析这是个非限制性定语从句，用which指代前面句子内容，故答案选A。(3)如果句中有两个定语从句，其中一个用了that，另一个最好用which。Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.（4）句中出现了that，或先行词是that时：I have found that which I was looking for.（5）介词放在关系代词之前时：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope)考点二考查以who、whom与whose引导的定语从句(1)如果先行词是指人的不定代词anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody ,nobody, one , ones ,those ,all (指人)等作先行词，作主语用who，作宾语用whom 、who而不用which 。Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished(2)在非限制性定语从句中，指人作主语用who，作宾语用whom或者who。作介词宾语时只能用whom例如：The famous basketball star, _ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.(02安徽春季) A. where B. when C. which D. who Key : DAlec asked the policeman _ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.(2002上海)A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom解析 the policeman是先行词，而work是不及物动词，后接宾语必须跟上相应的介词，所以答案选C。(3)在定语从句中，作定语的关系代词只能用whose ,表示某物时，它相当于the +noun +of +which或of which+the +noun ；表示某人时，它相当于the +noun +of +whom或of whom +the +noun 。例如：Look out! Dont get too close to the house _roof is under repair. (06福建卷)A. whose B. which C. of which D. what解析句中先行词the house与roof之间构成所属关系，所以要用whose ，故答案选A。I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. (06浙江卷)A. of that B. of which C. that D. which 考点三考查关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句它们相当于“介词+which”，其中where = in/at+which;when= at/in/during+which;why=for+which 。(1)关系副词 Where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示地点的名词。例如：Were just trying to teach a point_both sides will sit down together and talk.(06山东卷)A. where B. that C. when D. which解析先行词a point是表示地点的名词，并在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where来引导，故答案选A。(2)关系副词 when引导定语从句时, 只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。例如：There was _time _I hated to go to school. （04湖北卷）A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the ; when Key:B (3)关系副词why引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作原因状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示原因的名词。例如：Do you know the reason why she was put into prison ? 你知道她坐牢的原因吗？考点四 对“as”引导定语从句的考查(1)先行词与as;so;such;the same 连用时，常用关系代词或副词as 。例如：Children should read such books _ will make them better and wiser . A. which B. that C. what D.as Key: D(2)在引导非限定性定语从句中，指代前面句子的内容时用which或as，指代后面句子的内容时只能用as 。例如：Jim passed the driving test , _ , surprised everybody in the office. ( 05浙江) A.which B. that C. this D. it解析 此句是一个非限制性的定语从句，关系代词在从句中作主语，并指代前面句子的整个内容。所以此题选 Aas引导定语从句主要用于非限制性定语从句和the sameas，suchas，asas的结构中。as与which都可以引导一个非限制性定语从句，并代表前面整个句子或主句中的表语。 He married the girl，as(which)was natural. He seemed a freigner,as(which)in fact he was. 不同的是：as引导的定语从句可以前置，而which不行。 As was natural, he married the girl. 在the sameas,suchas,asas结构中，same,such,as之后应是名词或形容词名词。 We are facing the same problems as we did years ago. Some people have no doubt that their cat understands as many words as a dog does. We hope to get such a tool as he is using. 这三种结构也可以用which改写。但要换结构，不能直接用which代替as。以上三句分别可以改写成：We are facing the problems which we faced years ago.Some people have no doubt that their cat understands the words which a dog understands.We hope to get the tool which he is using.the sameas与the samethat引导的定语从句在意义上的区别是：前者修饰的是与原物同样的；而后者修饰的就是先行词同样的东西。比较：This is the same watch as I lost.这和我丢失的那一只表一样。（不是同一只）This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢失的那一只表。（同一只）(3)表示“正如.”时,只能用关系代词as。 如：as is known to all; as we all know; as (it) often happens; as has been said before; as was expected; as is said above; as is mentioned above; as is reported等。例如：_ is reported in the newspapers ,talks between the two countries are making progress(04北京卷) A. It B. As C. That D. What 解析这是一个非限制性的定语从句，关系代词指代后面句子的整个内容，所以关系代词只能用as，故此题选 B 考点五对“介词+关系代词”的考查当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物，用“介词+which/whose”,指人则用“介词+whom/whose”, 且两个关系代词均不能省略，介词的选择要遵循两个原则：(a)根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。(b)根据先行词特殊用法而定。例如：I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction_she had come. (06重庆卷)A.of which B.by which C.in which D.from which解析此题考查由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，根据句意用from which表示“所来的那个方向”，故答案选D。There are two buildings , _ stands nearly a hundred feet high.（04湖北卷） A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which解析 the larger of which指代the larger of the two buildings ，which 在定语从句中指代 building，作介词of的宾语，故答案为D。考点六 the way作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用in which ,that 或者省略。例如：What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.（04湖北卷）A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which 解析 此句中not but 连接两个并列成分，即the way与what从句作并列表语,way 后的定语从句的引导词作状语用in which ,that 或者省略。所以选 A 。 a.在比较正式的文体中用in whichI was struck by the beauty of the way in which she stood. It was clear that the speaker now trusted Tom from the way in which these words were said.b.一般情况下用that Lincoln asked the people to think of slavery in the way that these men did. Mary,there is one way that you could stop others talking about you and criticizing you.c.in which或that省去。 That's the way I looked at it.The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.考点七 定语从句与先行词被分割开来定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句，在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。 1.在定语从句加中插入语，常见的有：I think ,I suppose ,I guess ,I imagine等。辨别的方法是：去掉插入语后，原句句法结构仍然完整。例如：-Is that the small town you often refer to? - Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years. （05福建卷）A.that B. which C.where D.what解析 work是不及物动词，先行词one在定语从句中只能作地点状语，You know 在句中作插入语，所以答案选C 。He made another wonderful discovery ,_of importance to science . (98上海卷)A.which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is解析这里I think 是插入语，which 引导非限制性定语从句，故选A。2.在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。例如：There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.在太空中有成千上万的象太阳般的星星。乍一看，that引导的定语从句在名词sky的后面，似乎应该是修饰sky的。但仔细一想，” 不对啊， 天空怎么能象太阳呢？“，原来that引导的定语从句被in the sky这个地点 状语分隔开来，修饰中心词stars。3.在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语。例如：Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?你还记得吗，十年前的一天下午，我来到你家，找你借了一条钻石项链？when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace实际上是修饰afternoon而不是修饰 years。ten years ago 实际上是定语后置修饰afternoon。4.先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后例如：A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.第三部分 定语从句与其他从句或句型的区分一、定语从句与并列句 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 Mr Li has three daughters，none of _ is an engineer Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _ is a dancer Mr Li has three daughters； _ are doctors 解析：定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。从结构上看，小题是定语从句，故填whom；小题有并列连词but，是并列句，故填代词 them；小题是两个并列分句，无需连接词，缺少主语，故填none或they。 二、定语从句与状语从句 This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 这是几年前我们居住的地方。（定语从句，先行词为the place） Lets go where we can find a better job. 我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句） Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下课的时间吗？（定语从句） It was already five oclock when the class was over. =When the class was over, it was already five oclock. 当下课时己经是5点了。（时间状语从句） This is the factory in which (where) his father once worked. 这就是他的父亲曾经在那里工作过的那个工厂。（定语从句） Put back the book where it was. 把书放回原处。（状语从句）三、定语从句与同位语从句This is the place that / which we visited yesterday . 这就是昨天我们参观过的地方。（定语从句）We dont know the reason why they didnt attend the meeting. 我们不知道他们（为什么）没有参加会议的原因。（定语从句）The text tells us a fact that smoking does great harm to peoples health . 这篇课文又告诉我们一个事实，吸烟对健康危害很大。(同位语从句)I had no idea when the sports meet will take place. 我不知道运动会何时举行。(同位语从句)The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy. 她考试及格的消息使她父母很高兴。（同位语从句）The news that he told us interested all of us. 他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。（定语从句）Ill never forget the day when I saw the Great Wall我永远不会忘记我见到长城的那一天。（定语从句，关系副词when作从句状语）The fact that（which）we talked about is very important我们所谈论的那个事实很重要。（定语从句，that在从句中作about的宾语）The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody他实验成功这个事实使我们大家很高兴。（同位语从句，that只起连接作用）三、定语从句与强调句 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 It is on the morning of May 1st _ I met Liang Wei at the airport It is the factory _ Mr Wang works 解析：定语从句与强调句的主要区别在于：强调句的结构为“It iswas被强调部分that从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。这一句型中，一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替 that。从结构上看，小题是强调句，故填 that。此种情况检测的标准是：先把强调句中的It iswas去掉，再把被强调部分还原，在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下，如句子仍然成立则为强调句，否则为定语从句。将第小题改为：I met Liang Wei on the morning of May 1st at the airport显然，这句话是正确的，故为强调句。小题则是定语从句，用上述方法转换便知the factory前差个介词in，故填 where。 四、定语从句与习惯句型 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 It is the first time _ she has been in Shanghai It was the time _ Chinese people had a hard life 解析：这里小题是一个习惯句型，其结构为：It iswas the firstsecond time that从句。故填that，其意为：这是她第一次在上海。小题the time是先行词，其后是表示时间的定语从句，故填 when。五、定语从句与简单句 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 The mother told the lazy boy to work，_ didn't help The mother told the lazy boy to work_ didn't help 解析：含有定语从句的复合句与两个单句的主要区别在于：前者有主句，有从句，必须有关系词；而后者则是两个单独的句子，不需要任何关联词。小题两个句子用逗号连接且没有并列连词，显然应是主从句关系，因此需用关系词which，前面整个句子作先行词；小题则填It，代替前面的整个句子。解题时，注意标点符号的运用。第四部分 定语从句与易混句型练与析定语从句是历年高考试题中的考查热点之一，虽然其难度并不大，但许多考生对这一语法内容掌握得并不好，失分较多。做这一类题的关键是要能正确地分析出其结构来，即首先认出它是否为定语从句，然后再确定使用哪个连接词。定语从句易与其他句型混淆，需要仔细区分。现在我们来看看下列句型结构，请大家选择恰当的词填空（有的小题正确答案不止一个）。 Awhom Bthem Cthey Dwho 1Mr Smith has three sons，none of _ is a computer expert 2He has three sisters，_ are doctors 3She has three CDs，but none of_ is interesting 4I have many friends，and all of_ are nice and friendly 5Miss Yang has some relatives here；_ like her very much 本组题考查定语从句与并列句的区别。第1和2小题是定语从句，正确答案分别是A和D；第3和4小题有并列连词but和and，为并列句，每句只能有一个连接词，故正确答案均为B；第5小题中的前后两部分用分号连接，是两个并列分句，无需连接词，故C项正确。 Awhere Bwhich Cin which Dthat 1Rice grows well _ there is enough water 2I know the university _ my parents worked ten years ago 3After th ewar，a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre 4The hospital _ Mr Li was operated on in has taken on a new look 本组题考查定语从句与地点状语从句的区别。第1和3小题均无先行词，是表示地点的状语从句，只能用where引导，故答案均为A；第2小题是定语从句，A和C两项均正确；第4小题是定语从句，由于有介词in，故B、D两项均正确。Athat Bwhen Cwhere Dwho 1It is on a summer afternoon _ he met Liang Wei from Shanghai 2Is it on the farm _ Mr Wang lives？ 3It is the farm _ Mr Wang lives 4Is it Lang Weiwei _ is speaking to a foreigner？ 本组题考查定语从句与强调句的区别。强调句的结构为：It iswas被强调部分that从句。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何部分，而且强调人时，还可用who代替that。注意这一句型中不能因为被强调部分是时间或地点，就想当然地用when或where代替that。第1和2小题是强调句，故A项正确。可用此技巧解题：先把强调句中的It iswasthat去掉，再把被强调部分调到句末，在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下，如句子成立则为强调句，否则为定语从句。可将第1和2小题分别改为：He met Liang Wei from Shanghai on a summer afternoonMr Wang lives on the farm显然，两句均正确，故为强调句。第3小题是定语从句，用上述技巧可知缺介词on，故C项正确；第4小题也是强调句，强调人，故A、D两项均正确。Athat Bas Cwho Dwhich 1Nobody in our school has the same camera _ you have 2She is such a good girl _ does well in French 3She is such a good girl _ all of us like to make friends with her 本组题考查结果状语从句与定语从句的区别。第1小题是as引导的定语从句，即the sameas结构，as在从句中作宾语，第2小题也是as引导的定语从句，即suchas结构，as在从句中作主语，故答案均为B。第3小题是suchthat结果状语从句，关键区别在于that在状语从句中不作任何成分，故正确答案为A。Athat Bwhich 1The news _ he told me sounds reasonable 2The news _ China has joined the WTO excites all the Chinese 本组题考查同位语从句与定语从句的区别。that引导同位语从句时在从句中不作任何成分，只是用来解释或说明先行词的内容，而定语从句中的that在从句中作主语或宾语。第1小题是定语从句，因为tell缺直接宾语，故A和B项均正确；第2小题从句中不缺主、宾语，是同位语从句，故A项正确。Athat Bwhen Cwhich 1It is the first time _ I have been here 2It was the time _ we had a hard life 本组题考查固定结构与定语从句的区别。第1小题是“It（This）iswastime that