2018年高考英语考试大纲语法词汇附录.docx

英 语考试形式与试卷结构同往年考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生了解和掌握普通高中英语课程标准（实验）附录中所列出的各项内容，包括语音项目、语法项目、功能意念项目、话题项目和词汇（见附录 1 至附录 5）。二、语言运用（一）听力听力是使用外语与人直接交流时必不可少的一种语言能力。该部分要求考生听懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短对话和独白。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取事实性的具体信息；（3）对所听内容作出简单推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。（二）阅读理解阅读是我国考生学习和使用外语的最主要途径，因此，阅读理解在试卷中占权重较大。该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：1. 理解主旨要义；2. 理解文中具体信息；3. 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；4. 根据所读内容做出判断和推理；5. 理解文章的基本结构；6. 理解作者的意图、观点和态度。（三）写作写作是语言运用能力的重要表现形式。该部分要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。考生应能：1. 准确使用语法和词汇；2. 使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。附录 1语音项目表1. 基本读音(1) 26 个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录 2语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing 形式(3) 动词的-ed 形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气附录 3功能意念项目表1. 社会交往 (Social Communications)(1) 问候 (Greetings)(2) 介绍 (Introduction)(3) 告别 (Farewells )(4) 感谢 (Thanks )(5) 道歉 (Apologies)(6) 邀请 (Invitation)(7) 请求允许 (Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助 (Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会 (Making appointments)(12) 打电话 (Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐 (Having meals)(14) 就医 (Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物 (Shopping)(16) 问路 (Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气 (Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意 (Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告 (Advice)(22) 建议 (Suggestions)2. 态度 (Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)(24) 喜欢和不喜欢 (Likes and dislikes)(25) 肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)(26) 可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)(27) 能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)(28) 偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)(29) 意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望 (Hopes and wishes)(31) 表扬和鼓励 (Praise and encouragement)(32) 责备和抱怨 (Blame and complaint)(33) 冷淡 (Indifference)(34) 判断与评价 (Judgement and evaluation) 3. 情感 (Emotions)(35) 高兴 (Happiness)(36) 惊奇 (Surprise)(37) 忧虑 (Worries)(38) 安慰 (Reassurance)(39) 满意 (Satisfaction)(40) 遗憾 (Regret)(41) 同情 (Sympathy)(42) 恐惧 (Fear)(43) 愤怒 (Anger)4. 时间 (Time)(44) 时刻 (Point of time)(45) 时段 (Duration)(46) 频度 (Frequency)(47) 时序 (Sequence) 5. 空间 (Space)(48) 位置 (Position)(49) 方向 (Direction)(50) 距离 (Distance) 6. 存在 (Existence)(51) 存在与不存在 (Existence and Non-existence) 7. 特征 (Features)(52) 形状 (Shape)(53) 颜色 (Colour)(54) 材料 (Material)(55) 价格 (Price)(56) 规格 (Size)(57) 年龄 (Age)8. 计量 (Measurement)(58) 长度 (Length)(59) 宽度 (Width)(60) 高度 (Height)(61) 数量 (Number) 9. 比较 (Comparison)(62) 同级比较 (Equal comparison)(63) 差别比较 (Comparative and superlative)(64) 相似和差别 (Similarity and difference) 10. 逻辑关系 (Logical relations)(65) 原因和结果 (Cause and effect)(66) 目的 (Purpose)11. 职业 (Occupations)(67) 工作 (Jobs)(68) 单位 (Employer)附录 4话题项目表1. 个人情况 (Personal information)2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人 (Family, friends and people around)3. 周围的环境 (Personal environments)4. 日常活动 (Daily routines)5. 学校生活 (School life)6. 兴趣与爱好 (Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情 (Emotions)8. 人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships)9. 计划与愿望 (Plans and intentions)10. 节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11. 购物 (Shopping)12. 饮食 (Food and drink)13. 健康 (Health)14. 天气 (Weather)15. 文娱与体育 (Entertainment and sports)16. 旅游和交通 (Travel and transport)17. 语言学习 (Language learning)18. 自然 (Nature)19. 世界与环境 (The world and the environment)20. 科普知识与现代技术 (Popular science and modern technology)21. 热点话题 (Topical issues)22. 历史与地理 (History and geography)23. 社会 (Society)24. 文学与艺术 (Literature and art)63附录 5词汇表A a(an) art abandon vability n able a abnormal a aboard prep abolish v abortion n about ad & prep above prep,a & ad abroad ad abrupt a absence n absent a absolute a absorb v abstract a & n absurd a abundant a abuse v academic a & n academy n accelerate vaccent n accept v access n & v accessible aaccident n accommodation naccompany vaccomplish vaccount n accountant naccumulate vaccuracy n accurate a accuse v accustomed aache v & n achieve v achievement nacid a acknowledge vacquaintance nacquire v acquisition nacre n across prepact n & v action n active a activity n actor n actress n actual a acute a AD abbr ad=advertisement n adapt v adaptation n add v addicted a addition n address n adequate a adjust v adjustment n administration n admirable a admire v admission n admit v adolescence n adolescent a & n adopt v adore v adult n advance v & n advantage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice n advise v advocate v affair n affect v affection n afford v afraid a Africa n African a & nafter ad,prep & conjafternoon nafterward(s) adagain ad against prepage n agency n agenda n agent n aggressive aago ad agree v agreement nagricultural aagriculture nahead ad aid n & v AIDS n aim n & v air n aircraft n airline n airmail n airplane n airport n airspace n alarm n & valbum n alcohol n alcoholic a & n algebra n alike ad alive a all ad,a & pron allergic a alley n allocate v allow v allowance n almost ad alone a along ad & prep alongside ad aloud ad alphabet n already ad also ad alternative a although conj altitude n altogether ad aluminium (Am aluminum) n always ad am v(be) a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur a amaze v amazing a ambassador nambassadress nambiguous aambition n ambulance nAmerica n among prepamount n & vample a amuse v amusement nanalyse v analysis n ancestor n anchor v & nancient a and conj anecdote n anger n angle n angry a animal n ankle n anniversary nannounce v annoy v annual a another a & pronanswer n & vant n Antarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious a any pron & a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v & n appear v appearance n appendix n appetite n applaud v & n apple n applicant n application n apply v appoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n & v appropriate aapproval n approve v approximately adapron n arbitrary a arch n architect n architecture nArctic a are v(be) area n argue v argument narise(arose,arisen) varithmetic narm n & v armchair n army n around ad & preparrange v arrangement narrest v arrival n arrive v arrow n art n article n artificial a artist n as ad,conj & prepash n ashamed a Asia n Asian a & n aside ad ask v asleep a aspect n assess v assessment n assist v assistance n assistant n associate v association n assume v assumption n astonish v astronaut n astronomer n astronomy n at prep athlete n athletic a Atlantic a atmosphere n atom n attach v attack v & n attain v attempt v & n attend v attention n attitude n attract v attraction n attractive a audience n aunt n authentic a author n authority n automatic a autonomous aautumn n available a avenue n average a & navoid v awake(awoke,awoken) v & aaward n aware a away ad awesome a awful a awkward a B baby n bachelor n back ad,a & nbackground nbackward(s) ad bacon n bacterium(pl bacteria) n bad(worse,worst) a badminton n bag n baggage n bakery n balance n balcony n ball n ballet n balloon n bamboo n ban n & v banana n band n bandage n bank n bar n barbecue n barber n barbershop n bare a bargain n & v bark v & n barrier n base n baseball n basement n basic a basin n basis n basket n basketball n bat n bath n bathe v bathroom n bathtub n battery n battle n bay n BC abbr be(am,is,are,was, were,being,been) vbeach n bean n bean curd n bear1 n bear2 v beard n beast n beat(beat,beaten) v & nbeautiful a beauty n because conj become(became,become) vbed n beddings n bedroom n bee n beef n beer n before prep,ad&conj beg v begin(began,begun) v behalf n behave v behaviour(Am behavior) n behind prep & ad being n belief n believe v bell n belly n belong v below prep belt n bench n bend(bent,bent) v beneath prep beneficial a benefit n & v bent a & n beside prep besides prep & ad betray v between prep beyond prep bicycle n bid v & n big a bike=bicycle nbill n bingo n biochemistry nbiography n biology n bird n birth n birthday n birthplace n biscuit n bishop n bit n bite(bit,bitten) vbitter a black a & n blackboard n blame n & v blank n & a blanket n bleed v bless v blind a block n & v blood n blouse n blow(blew,blown) vblue n & a board n & v boat n body n boil v bomb n & v bond n & v bone n bonus n book n & v boom n & v boot n booth n border n bored a boring a born a borrow v boss n botanical a botany n both a & pron bother v bottle n bottom n bounce v bound a boundary n bow v & n bowl n bowling n box n boxing n boy n boycott v brain n brake n & v branch n brand n brave a bravery n bread n break(broke,broken) v & nbreakfast n breakthrough n breast n breath n breathe v breathless a brewery n brick n bride n bridegroom n bridge n brief a bright a brilliant a bring(brought,brought) vbroad a broadcast(broadcast, broadcast 或-ed,-ed) vbrochure n broken a broom n brother n brown n & a brunch n brush v & n Buddhism n budget n buffet n build(built,built) v building n bunch n bungalow n burden n bureaucratic a burglar n burn(burnt,burnt 或-ed,-ed) v & n burst v bury v bus n bush n business n businessman/woman (pl businessmen/ women) n busy a but conj & prep butcher n & v butter n butterfly n button n & v buy(bought,bought) v by prep bye int C cab n cabbage ncafe n cafeteria ncage n cake n calculate vcall n & vcalm a & vcamel n camera ncamp n & vcampaign ncan1(could); cant=cannot modal vcan2 n canal n cancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy n canteen ncap n capital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncar n carbon ncard n care n & v careful a careless a carpenter n carpet n carriage n carrier n carrot n carry v cartoon n carve v case n cash n & v cassette n cast(cast,cast) v castle n casual a cat n catalogue n catastrophe n catch(caught,caught) v category n cater v Catholic a cattle n cause n & v caution n cautious a cave n CD=compact disk n ceiling n celebrate v celebration n cell n cent n centigrade a centimetre (Am centimeter) ncentral a centre(Am center) ncentury n ceremony n certain a certificate n chain n chair n chairman/woman (pl chairmen/women) nchalk n challenge n challenging a champion n chance n change n & v changeable a channel n chant v & n chaos n chapter n character n characteristic a & ncharge v & n chart n chat n & v cheap a cheat n & v check n & v cheek n cheer n & v cheerful a cheers int cheese n chef n chemical a & n chemist n chemistry n cheque(Am check) n chess n chest n chew v chicken n chief a & n child(pl children) n childhood n chocolate n choice n choir n choke n & v choose(chose,chosen) v chopsticks n chorus n Christian n Christmas nchurch n cigar n cigarette n cinema n circle n & v circuit n circulate v circumstance ncircus n citizen n city n civil a civilian n civilization nclap v clarify v class n classic a classify v classmate n classroom nclaw n clay n clean v & a cleaner n clear a clerk n clever a click v climate n climb v clinic n clock n clone v close a & ad cloth n clothes n clothing n cloud n cloudy a club n clumsy a coach n coal n coast n coat n cocoa n coffee n coin n coincidence n coke n cold a & n collar n colleague n collect v collection n college n collision n colour(Am color) n & v comb n & v combine v come(came,come) vcomedy n comfort n comfortable a command n & vcomment n commercial a commit v commitment n committee n common a communicate v communication ncommunism n communist n & acompanion n company n compare v compass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a & v complex a & n component n composition n comprehension ncompromise v compulsory a computer n concentrate v concept n concern v & n concert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequen