Cloud Computing云计算.docx

Cloud Computing Abstract-Cloud computing is a new computing model；it is developed based on grid computingWe introduced the development history of cloud computing and its application situation and gave a new definition；took googles cloud computingtechniques as an example，summed up key techniques，such as data storage technology(Google File System)，data management technology(BigTable)，as well as programming model and task scheduling model(MapReduce)，used in cloud computing；and analyzed the differences among cloud computing,grid computing and traditional super-computing，and fingered out the further development prospects of cloud computingKey words:cloud computing；data storage；data management；programming model. DefinitionCloud computing is the development of distributed computing, parallel processing, and grid computing, which represents an emerging business computing model. Cloud Computing SummaryCloud computing is a kind of network service and is a trend for future computing Scalability matters in cloud computing technology Users focus on application development Services are not known geographically. The specific characteristics1) Data in the cloud: not afraid to lose, do not have to back up, you can restore at any point;2) Software in the cloud: You do not have to download and update yourself ；3) Ubiquitous computing: at any time, any place, any device, log in to enjoy computing services;4) Powerful computing: unlimited space, unlimited speed. The main forms of service1) Software as a Service(SaaS)2) SaaS service providers deploy application software on the server, users on demand ordered from the manufacturer via the Internet, service providers charge based on customer's needs, and to provide customers with the software through a browser.3) Platform as a Service(PaaS)4) Manufacturers provide a development environment, server platforms, hardware resources services to customers, custom develop their own application and pass through its servers and the Internet to other customers5) Infrastructure services(IaaS)6) "Cloud" infrastructure consisting of multiple servers, provide measurement services to customers. Characteristics1) In general, cloud computing customers do not own the physical infrastructure, instead avoiding capital expenditure by renting usage from a third-party provider. They consume resources as a service and pay only for resources that they use. Many cloud-computing offerings employ the utility computing model, which is analogous to how traditional utility services (such as electricity) are consumed, whereas others bill on a subscription basis. Sharing "perishable and intangible" computing power among multiple tenants can improve utilization rates, as servers are not unnecessarily left idle (which can reduce costs significantly while increasing the speed of application development). A side-effect of this approach is that overall computer usage rises dramatically, as customers do not have to engineer for peak load limits. In addition, "increased high-speed bandwidth" makes it possible to receive the same response times from centralized infrastructure at other sites.2) The cloud is becoming increasingly associated with small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as in many cases they cannot justify or afford the large capital expenditure of traditional IT. SMEs also typically have less existing infrastructure, less bureaucracy, more flexibility, and smaller capital budgets for purchasing in-house technology. Similarly, SMEs in emerging markets are typically unburdened by established legacy infrastructures, thus reducing the complexity of deploying cloud solutions. Origins of cloud computingIn 2006,Google engineer Christophe suggest Google CEO Eric Schmidt the idea of "cloud computing“ at the first time, under the support of Schmidt, Google rollout "Google 101 plan "and formally proposed the concept of “cloud ". Google's concept of “cloud computing” is a picturesque phrase, to describe Google's business model and computing technology architecture in a romantic way.therefore, cloud computing consists two levels of meaning, in commercial level, just the "cloud“; in the technical level is "computing",combined the cloud and computing to illustrate that Google is different with traditional software and hardware companies in business models and computing architecture. This is just a very beautiful and very romantic metaphor. Brief IntroductionApache Hadoop is a framework for running applications on large cluster built of commodity hardware. The Hadoop framework transparently provides applications both reliability and data motion. Hadoop implements a computational paradigm named Map/Reduce, where the application is divided into many small fragments of work, each of which may be executed or re-executed on any node in the cluster. In addition, it provides a distributed file system (HDFS) that stores data on the compute nodes, providing very high aggregate bandwidth across the cluster. Both MapReduce and the Hadoop Distributed File System are designed so that node failures are automatically handled by the framework. Two Important Technical1) HDFS: Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) is designed to reliably store very large files across machines in a large cluster. It is inspired by the GoogleFileSystem.2) MapReduce: MapReduce is a programming model for processing large data sets with a parallel, distributed algorithm on a cluster. 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