How to improve the ability of listening英语专业毕业论文.doc
How to improve the ability of listening?Abstract This paper is about how to improve middle school students' listening ability.There are four abilities in middle school listening,speaking, reading and writing which are connected with each other,however,the listening is the basic of them .It is also considered as one of the most difficulties to conquer for students in middle school. With the development of modern english teaching, more and more educators have pointed out the practice use of listeningcomprehension so that they pay more attention to developing the studentslistening ability in their english teaching.whats more ?listening takes about 30 persent of the total marks in studentsmiddle school entrance examination.as ateacher,we provide our students with lots of listening skills and useful ways to improve their listening.Key words : listening , ability , skills , middle schoolThe importence of listening As we all know ,language is a means of communication with other people .If that is so ,then what is the purpose of teaching and leaning language ? We all learn our mother tongue in order to function is our home community .When we come across people brought up in a different language community ,we might need to communicate with them, too; They might have food that our community lacks ,so we have to engage in commerce and trading ,for this we need a common language. This was the earliest need for learning another language ,a second or foreign language .These days our lives are more implicated than that ,but trade between nations is still one of the most common reasons for learning a foreign language. According to the characters of language learning, information is the first step to communicate with each other. Above all ,listening is the most important way to get useful information.The factors affecting students listening.Though the factors influencing students listening are various ,they can be divided into the following two parts: Main factors of teachers.1.Paying no attention to listening. Because of the poor condition ,especially in the countryside ,some schools in China have few equipments to train students listening ,teachers teach English still with a mouth ,a chalk and a blackboard. On the other hand, some teachers ,they themselves have problem in listening .Some even can hardly speak English fluently .They pay no attention to listening ,which cause the low level of students listening .2 Lack of right training skills. Some teachers have already known the importance of English listening, and they try to do a lot to improve students listening, but no effect. This is just because they are lack of right training skills, which will be discussed later in the paper. 3.Selecting Appropriate MaterialsListening material is a very important element, which affects students listening comprehension. So teachers should pay more attention to selecting materials for students.4.Use modern teaching aids in teaching listening.Now TV, radios, recorders, computers are widely used in teaching, which makes teaching activities direct, lively and vivid. They help enlarge the teaching contents, quicken the teaching rhythm and help the students understand the materials more easily. In my teaching experience, I have found it best to do listening practice on computers. We put the voice of listening materials in the computers, We can let students listen as many times as possible without worrying about putting back or forward the tape. Although it often takes us lots of time to do so before class, it can really save us more time in class .When I give a new lesson, or do listening exercises, I often put materials and voices on the computer. Sometimes I search some listening materials on the Internet.It not only stimulates the students interest but also improve the class efficiency.5.Listening can't be taught separately. It is often connected with speaking. We should encourage every student to speak in class to create chance for them to listen. Make the students listen and speak English as much as possible not only in class but also out of class. They can hold “English Corner” ,”Reading and Lecture Competition”, etc These make the students be interested in English.Main factors of studentslistening1.Pay attention to pronunciation, the phonetic symbol, word stress, sentence stress and sentence structure.A famous educator has ever said “As long as you can pronounce correctly, your audition will get a huge progress in a day.” Pay attention to the oral reading skill, It includes stress, strong form, weak form, intonation incomplete plosive consonant, affricate consonant, syllable and so on. Training and practicing the oral reading is not a day's word. There is no easy way. 2 The emotional factor.When beginning a listening class ,some students will be nervous ,anxious and depressed mentality ,the process of their mental speech activity will be in a restrictive condition ,so low in thought .It is difficult for them to develop the normal listening level. The material which was familiar to them formerly will get strange ,then the more they listen ,the less interested in they are ,so the more they wont listen ,the less will enter the brain.Some students tend to find faults with teachers ,such as out date clothing ,unpleasant voices, strong accents .This lead them to have no interest in listening. There are also some students who sill turn off their ears if they think the subject is dull, not interesting of funny ,such as the notion and conception.Generally speaking ,a good listener should know exactly listening is important and valuable ,after all, nothing can replace it.3 To be absent-minded. Sometimes, students cant control themselves in listening class. They may think of something else while listening. As a result ,they cant keep up with the speed of the speaker ,even they cant help giving up listening.4.help students to establish self-confidence.In teachers spare time, he should pay more attention to the students, especially to the failing students. The teacher should have friendly interaction with his students, he can provide eye contact, body gesture and voice tone to express his respect and positive regard for the students, help them develop pride and self-confidence. Dont show your special favoritism to those successful students, which will hurt the failing students. And try to hearten students to study hard by saying “You can ! You are unique !The major of listening skillsA good teacher should teach students how to study. As the famous saying goes,“Give a man a fish and hell eat for a day, teach a man to fish and hell eat for ever.” We should provide students some listening skills.1.Listening for the Gist Listening for the gist means listening for the main idea, and listener need not catch all the details or grasp every word. It is similar to the concept of skimming a passage in reading, which is to ask the students one or two questions that focus on the main idea of the whole passage. Teachers should encourage students to answer the gist questions without understanding every word or phrase in the passage. It is very important to give students more practice in this way, because in real life, they will not be able to relisten to something as easily as reread a passage. Therefore, it will be impossible for them to catch all the details, so they need to keep calm with some ambiguity in listening and realize that they can still learn even though when they do not understand every single word. Teacher can provide the students with some idea of what they are going to hear and what they are asked to do with. It helps them to succeed in catching the gist of what they are listening to.2. Listening for the Specific InformationIt is important to train our students to listen for getting specific information, because there are many situations in real life where we listen only for some specific details. We need to ignore the rest of the listening message. For example, when we are sitting in a train station, we need not listen to all the announcements. We are only interested in the train, which we will take, and the time when we will leave. Therefore teachers should teach students to listen to a variety of types of listening texts for different purposes so that they will develop different listening skills to use for different situations. In listening process, teachers can let students listen with a specific purpose in mind. And let students ask themselves what they are listening for, are they listening for general understanding of the whole lecture or conversation? 3. Predict and guess the meaningWhen the students listen to a person speaking their own language in many situations, they can be one step ahead of the speaker. They can very often predict what the person is going to say next.,. perhaps not the exact words but at least the main idea. The more they predict, the easier it becomes to understand in a foreign language too. The students should train themselves to predict as much as possible. When the students have listening practice or exam, they should go over the words on the paper quickly before the tape starts, then guess what kind of question or content theyll hear according to the choices on the paper, then try to get the key words and give the proper answer. When meeting new words while listening, guess their meaning from the content.4.Take notes while listening. Students should learn to make some simple notes while listening, for examples, the names of people and places, time, age, distance, occupation, figures and so on to get a better understanding of the content.5. Insist on listening Only through the practice can the students improve their listening. As is known to us all, “practice makes perfect. Rome was not built in a day” Keep listening continuously in our daily life, 30 minutes a day better than 3.5 hours a week.Conclusion This paper points out that we should help students to solve the problems in listening teaching and learning, and also pay more attention to the factors affecting the listening. The main part of this paper is about the approaches of improving students listening skills. There are some aspects of approaches as thinking and perception, discrimination, prediction, and selecting appropriate materials etc. As teachers of English, we should do our best to explore new, efficient and flexible ways to improve students English listening abilities and help them use English better. Bibliography1 Richards,J&Rodgers,T.1986.Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching M. London: Cambridge University Press.2 Gu yueguo.1998. English Language Teaching methodology M. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.3 Krashen,s.d.1985.the Input Hypothesis Issues and Implications M. London: Longman 4Wang Qiang王蔷 <<英语教学法教程 >> 5ShangYunxia尚云霞“如何提高学生的听力水平”英语周报第274期 6Chen Huaxiang 陈花香”Speak English in English Teaching” 英语周报总第285期 7ZhangYong 张勇 “听力训练中的四化” 英语周报第27期 8Chen Liming陈黎明“怎样打开初中生听力之门”英语周报第283期 9 Ma Ailian “马爱莲多媒体辅助高中英语听力教学”中小学英语活页文选（23）10 Tang Liang “唐亮中学英语听力训练及应试策略” 英语周报总第224期11 Li Caixia“初中英语听力训练略谈”李彩霞 英语周报总第224期12 Tang Yun 唐云 “谈怎样培养初中生的英语听说能力” 英语周报总第243期13 王蔷、程晓堂，2002，英语教学法教程M。北京：高等教育出版社。14 吴祯福, 1991，英语的听与说M。 北京:外语教学与研究出版社。生命列车The Train Of Life1. 不久以前，我读了一本书。书中把人生比作一次旅行。2. 人生一世，就好比是一次搭车旅行，要经历无数次上车、下车; 时常有事故发生; 有时是意外惊喜，有时却是刻骨铭心的悲伤 3. 降生人世，我们就坐上了生命列车。我们以为我们最先见到的那两个人-我们的父母，会在人生旅途中一直陪伴着我们。 4. 很遗憾，事实并非如此。他们会在某个车站下车，留下我们，孤独无助。他们的爱、他们的情、他们不可替代的陪伴，再也无从寻找。 5. 尽管如此，还会有其他人上车。他们当中的一些人将对我们有着特殊的意义。 6. 他们之中有我们的兄弟姐妹, 有我们的亲朋好友。我们还将会体验千古不朽的爱情故事。7. 坐同一班车的人当中，有的轻松旅行。8. 有的却带着深深的悲哀 还有的,在列车上四处奔忙，随时准备帮助有需要的人 9. 很多人下车后，其他旅客对他们的回忆历久弥新 但是，也有一些人，当他们离开座位时，却没有人察觉。10. 有时候，对你来说情深义重的旅伴却坐到了另一节车厢。你只得远离他，继续你的旅程。11. 当然，在旅途中，你也可以摇摇晃晃地穿过自己的车厢，去别的车厢找他 12. 可惜，你再也无法坐在他身旁，因为这个位置已经让别人给占了 .13. 没关系。旅途充满挑战、梦想、希望、离别 就是不能回头。因此，尽量使旅途愉快吧！14. 善待旅途上遇见的所有旅客，找出人们身上的闪光点。15. 永远记住，在某一段旅程中，有人会犹豫彷徨，因为我们自己也会犹豫彷徨。16. 我们要理解他人，因为我们需要他人的理解。17. 生命之谜就是：我们在什么地方下车？坐在身旁的伴侣在什么地方下车？我们的朋友在什么地方下车？我们无从知晓 18. 我时常这样想：到我该下车的时候，我会留恋吗？我想我还是会的。和我的朋友分离，我会痛苦。让我的孩子孤独地前行，我会悲伤。 我执著地希望在我们大家都要到达的那个终点站，我们还会相聚 19. 我的孩子们上车时没有什么行李，如果我能在他们的行囊中留下美好的回忆，我会感到幸福。20. 我下车后，和我同行的旅客都还能记得我，想念我，我将感到快慰。21. 献给你, 我生命列车上的同行者, 祝您旅途愉快!1. Not long ago, I read a book, in which a mans life was compared to a journey.2. The life of a man is just like a hitchhiking，during which many times we go up and down. Now and then things will happen accidently, some of which are to be unexpected excitement，while some heart-breaking sorrows. 3. When first embraced the world，we are already on the train of life. We take it for granted that the first two persons, our parents, whom we are encountered with, will accompany us all the way.4. Sadly，things do not go on as we thought.Our parents will get off the train at a certain station，leaving us, bereft and helpless.Their love and emotion to us and their irreplaceable company can be found in nowhere.5. However，there will be somebody else who will get on the train. Some of them will have special meaning to us.6. Some of them may be our siblings , relatives and friends, and we will also expereince the imperishable love.7. Some of our travelling companions are quite light-hearted on the way.8. While some may bear immense sorrow.Still some ,back and forth, are ready to hold out their hands for others who need help.9. Some people alight off the train, yet they are still kept in the mind of the other passengers for long;some, to the opposite, leave their seats without being noticed.10. Sometimes, the one,who is dear to your heart, has huddled into another carriage. Nothing but one you can do is just to keep on going, far away from him.11. Of course, during the journey, you may stagger to another carriage to look for him.12. Its a pity that you will never seat yourself beside him because the seat has been engaged by others. 13. Never mind. The journey is full of challenges,dreams, hopes and departures- but only one thing is that you cant turn back. So, have a good journey with heart and soul.14. Show your good-will to all the passengers you are encountered with, and find the merits of theirs.15. Remeber that someone may oscillate just as we do in the journey.16. We should understand others just as we need others understanding.17. The enigma of life is：Where shall we get off the train of life?And how about the companions beside us?And our friends?We dont know.18. Sometimes I think：When my time comes to get off the train，shall I miss it？I think I will.It is a suffering when I part with my friends.I will be sorry for leaving my kids going alone.I firmly hold that when we get to the terminal，we wil
