The Factors Influencing English Learning英语毕业论文.docx

The Factors Influencing English LearningChapter 1 IntroductionThere are two main factors influencing learn English, one is internal factor, the other is external factor. In this paper, I just want to talk about the internal factors. It includes motivation, pressure，interest and，age and so on.Chapter 2 Factors Influencing English Learning2.1. Influence of Motivation on English learning2.1.1 The Motivation of English LearningEnglish learning motivation may be simply viewed as the lesson of learning EnglishFrom the angle of educational psychology，the reason of learning English is two：One is the material stimulation of surface layer, for instance，a diploma，a goodjob，a higher salary, the other is the material stimulation of deep layer, for instance，interest，increasing knowledgeThe former is called “surface motivation”, and the latter is called “deep motivation”Researches show that different motivations will lead to different learning methodLogically speaking, surface motivation does not endure longer than deep motivation，For instance，when a diploma is taken or a good job is found，original stimulation becomes uselessHowever，non-material stimulation usually has no limitFor instance，the increase of knowledge is endlessThose people who have deep motivation do not consider passing examinations as their last goalWhether they Call grasp and use English is their real goalReally show great enthusiasm to learn EnglishAnd they try their best to hear more，say more，read more and write more EnglishObviously，these peoples English leaning will make more progress than people who rely on surface motivationSome surveys show that the English often does not come from reason why students learn one motivationIt is more universal that people have two motivations simultaneously(surface motive and deep motive)But if we analyze their motivations in detailsWe will find that there must be at least one reason which takes a leading positionResearches suggest that strong motivation can lead to final Success. So, I can present some methods for Activating English Learning Motivation.2.1.2 Methods for Activating English Learning Motivation.2.1.2.1 Goal and FeedbackIn English learning process, students must have a goal of learning，especially a specific goal in some special stagesEnglish learning goals can be designated by teacher or set up by students themselves For instance, some students want to achieve the level of the GET-6, and their strong English learning motive is arousedTeachers should feedback in timeAnd let students know their learning resultswhich will stimulate students English learning motive and arouse their learning initiative effectively2.1.2.2 Praise and CriticismIn English learning activities，teachers should not only make top students to know their success but also praise and reward them in order to arouse their happy mood and encourage them to study with great efforts；Teachers should not only make students of low achievement to know their failure but also criticize and punish them in order to arouse their depressed mood and urge them to study again with great effortsBy and large，both praise and criticism are helpful for activating students learning motivation.When utilizing praise and criticism，teachers should consider three aspectsFirst of all, praise and criticism cannot be abusedSecond，teachers should use more praise and less criticism especially for those students of low achievement; teachers should use praise and criticism according to the characteristic of studentsIn a wordThe utilization of criticism and praise is a kind of artTeachers must be quickwitted and flexible to use them.2.1.2.3 Contest and CooperationContest is the comparison between oneself and othersIt also includes the competition between ones present and pastCooperation is the contest between groupsIt also includes the contest between a groups present and past. Researches show that both contest and cooperation can strengthen students English learning motive and activate learners to surmount difficulties constantly，finish learning tasks and get achievements excellent There are several points teachers should pay attention to when they use contest and cooperationFirst，although contest and cooperation are helpful to promote students learning initiative，teachers should use them properlySecond, although the effect of group contests is not as good as individual contests，teachers should still properly advocate group contests in order to train students cooperative spirit，Third, teachers should offer opportunities for success as much as possible so that more students can succeed，which can foster students self-respect and self-confidence2.1.2.4 Expectation and AppraisementExpectation includes teachers expectation for students and students expectation for themselvesBoth of them play a useful role in strengthening students English learning motive and promoting students English learning initiative，Teachers should be good at using the expectation of students，and tell students whether their expectation is feasible or not in English learning so that students call have appropriate expectationTeachers expectation for student may reflect on teachers appraisement for students learning behaviors and learning resultsThe form of appraisement is varied such as the praise and the criticism.2.1.2.5 Achievement MotivationIt is an essential method to stimulate students achievement motive in EnglishteachingSo teachers should often talk about ideal with students and enumerate some sample students to them so that students can feel a fulfillment to learn EnglishBesides encouraging students，teachers should also create various situations to help students to realize their ideal so that they can transform it into a correct achievement motive2.2 Influence of Pressure on English LearningPressure is relate to our studies. Only by understanding these clearly, and working out some strategies of coping with pressure in language learning, can we get out of confusion and find a proper way of coping with learning. Although pressure is not the real object that we can see, we cannot ignore its influence. Too much pressure will produce a negative influence, as a low degree of motivation does, in learning. A proper amount of pressure might be as positive as a high degree of motivation. Too little pressure will also produce a bad influence, having the possibility to cause students to give up learning. So how to deal with pressure is very important for learners. Next, we will discuss three important factors that can cause pressure and have a big influence on students in language learning.2.2.1 The Teacher is the Important Role in the ClassIn the classroom, it is mainly the teacher that manages, according to the present situation, most of the things like class management, input and output, different modes of interactions and different tasks. The teacher controls the whole class, the atmosphere and the procedures. So students motivation is mainly determined by the teachers behavior1. Under this kind of control, different types of pressure follow.One thing is that different teachers have different influences on the students. Students are maybe in different levels. Teachers vary from one to another in many aspects like motivation, teaching approaches, etc. When they teach the students the same text, it is quite certain that the students will have different understandings of the text. When the teachers language is easy for average student to understand, He or she will feel at ease with study. If the teacher uses very difficult or long sentences in teaching, the students will be probably puzzled and find pressure in themselves. They will lose their confidence to learn more. If things go like that, it will be a serious problem. Based on these above, you will find that pressure is likely to come from the teachers personal ability. It is nothing wrong with the teacher using tough sentences, but the teacher should know the students level before having classes. And according to the level where the students are, it will be easier for the teacher to execute suitable techniques to the students. If a teacher goes like this, teaching will be successful and cheerful for both teachers and students. Otherwise pressure will have a bad influence on the students.It is common that the teacher asks some questions in class. But what is the question，And how long does the teacher give students to answer,They are both connected with pressure. For example, when the teacher asks the students to state the main idea of a new text after reading for 5 minutes, of course the students will feel nervous and over pressured, which is a very difficult task because the time is limited and there are many difficulties in the new text, This kind of pressure is challenging. If the students cannot answer the question smoothly, it does not matter. As a teacher, you had better encourage the students by using some cheerful words, such as “Never mind” and “A good try”. In this way, the students will try their best to do a better job next time. In addition, the teacher should be fair to every student. And he or she should care about each students study and know the situation in which all the students are learning, even the family background of his or her. If the teacher does not notice it, pressure will work with the students. So from this we can see that pressure is working anytime and anywhere. If one controls it reasonable, it will help you with learning and teaching.Teaching methods are also very important and they influence students pressure directly. From many years ago, there were many kinds of methods, the translation method, direct method, natural method, communicative approach and so on2. During the teaching course, the teacher will use these different methods and techniques to teach students, producing different effect on the students, and resulting in different pressures. For example, the translation method needs the students to translate from their native language into the target language, and based on this, compare them and to find the differences. It is a very traditional way of studying and it has given us some big changes in learning. Another kind of approach is more popular now. It is communicative approach. This kind of approach is focusing on the function of the language. As the soul of communication approach, interaction between teachers and students seems influence the role of teachers, the role as the explainer of texts and sender of message, which might lead to rote teaching, against teaching principles3. Comparing these two teaching methods, we will find that both of them have their own value but pressure is working in a different way. From the class observation, we have noticed that students have more pressure in the translation-grammar based classroom than in the communicative approach oriented classroom. As we all know, translation is not an easy thing. The process of translation is the process that of reconstruction of ideas as well as language4. It is a controlled production, and there are many limitations, because the translator will have to follow the original message and make an attempt bridge the gap between the target language and source language in grammar and meaning. In some case it makes students feel nervous and stressed. So to be a teacher, he or she must know this and find a propriety teaching method, and considering pressure in learning. In other words, pressure and how to deal with it are not only important for the teacher but also for the students. Therefore to have understood of how to cope with pressures becomes extremely important. It is worth to make our youths stronger in mind and more strategic in overcoming difficulties in daily life and learning seemed to be something worth doing. For the teacher he or she must observe everything in class, and measure the students' level and to find a suitable way of teaching, because teaching is an interactive job. By do this, will pressures change into challenge and motivate students to learn.  2.2.2 The Competition between Students is a Kind of Challenge.Competition is one of the origins of pressure. Students from different areas receive different schooling. When they first come to the university, they are quite different in language level. It is very easy for those who come from the poor area to feel pressure, and this is the case especially if they have a strong local accent when speaking English. Probably they fail to answer some questions whereas others can because of the differences they have in school education. Pressure will appear from their minds. Maybe some of them will work harder to shorten the imparity, but others probably will give up. There are some few students who are born to be intelligent, which make others find pressure and spend much more energy and time to catch up. Then pressure becomes something motivating. The family is one of the factors that effect students pressure. Born in different families the children have different backgrounds and thus different influences. And the parents have different expectations and requirements for their children. So the degree of the pressure is not the same, either. Health is also a major factor, which affects students ' psychology, even intensity of pressure. If one student is ill, he or she will have more pressure than others. Not every one is lucky to have a better family. Some students have to do part-time jobs to pay tuition fees and to support themselves. Therefore they have less time to study and have to spend more time and energy on other things than the fellow students. Their pressures are also stronger than others.As a language learner he or she should do everything with a calm mind and overcome the difficulties that might affect life and learning, so that the aim of learning can be achieved. 2.2.3. Textbook.Human beings can create pressure, some objective things too. Textbook as one of the most important intensities in the classroom can be a use tool in language teaching and learning improvement, and meantime it is one of the factors that may influence teaching and learning5. In some special condition, the university has not enough books for all the students. Only the teacher has the textbook. To the students it is not a good thing, because they dont know what they will learn and what the text talks about before the teacher teaches them. They cannot do the pre-work. Without the textbook it is difficult for the students to follow the teachers instruction in class. They are deprived more seriously; also the opportunities to revise what they are supposed to have learned in class are taken away. This will make students feel that study is not so easy. More or less, students will be pressured. On the other hand, this kind of pressure may make students listen carefully