高级英语-第二册-修辞-最全整理.doc

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date高级英语-第二册-修辞-最全整理Lesson1高级英语 第二册 修辞Lesson 11 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.metaphor2 They are like the musketeers of Dumas who,although they lived side by side with each other,did not delve into,each others lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.simile3 It was on such an occasion te other evening,as the conversation moved desultorily here and there,from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter,without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place,and all at once there was a focus.metaphor4 The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.simile5 Even with the most educated and the most literate,the Kings English slips and slides in conversation.metaphor ,alliteration6 When E.M.Forster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,”we sit up at the vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image.metaphor7. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. Metaphor, personification8. Perhaps above all, one would not have been engaged by interest in the musketeer who raised the subject, wondering more about her. Metaphor9. and no one has any idea where the conversation will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. Metaphor10 The conversation is on the wings. Metaphor11. They did not delve into each others lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings. Metaphor12. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. MetaphorLesson21 The little crowd of mourners all men and boys,no womenthreaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels,wailing a short chant over and over again.elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sits-cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe,turning chair-legs at lightning speed.,transferred epithet3 Still,a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southwarda long,dusty column,infantry,screw-gun batteries,antitheft more infantry,four or five thousand men in all,winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile,not contemptuous,not sullen,not even inquisitive.elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile or two miles of armed men,flowing peacefully up the road,while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction,glittering like scraps of paper.simile7 there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette. Transferred epithet8. four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels. Onomatopoeia9. Are they really the same flesh as your self? Do they even have names? Or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects? Rhetorical question10. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls, work their way slowly across the fields. Simile11. Sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies.simileLesson 31 Let the word go forth from this time and place,to friend and foe alike,that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans,born in this century,tempered by war,disciplined by a hard and bitter peace,proud of our ancient heritage,and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed,and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.alliteration2 Let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that we shall pay any price,bear any burden,meet any hardship,support any friend,oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.parataxis consonance3 United,there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided,there is little we can do,for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.antithesis4 in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.metaphor5 Let us never negotiate out of fear,but let us never fear to negotiate.regression6 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.historical allusion,climax7 And so,my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.contrast, winding8. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce. Parallelism9. We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. Parallelism (or parallel structure) and Alliteration10. And if a beachhead of co-operation my push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor. Metaphor11 We observe today not a victory of part but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as a change. Parallelism (or parallel structure)12. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that Alliteration 13. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. metaphor14. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. antithesis15. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed. repetitionLesson 41 Charles Lamb,as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays,unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dreams Children.metaphor2 Read,then,the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic,far from being a dry,pedantic discipline,is a living,breathing thing,full of beauty,passion,and trauma.metaphor,hyperbole3 Back and forth his head swiveled,desire waxing,resolution waning.antithesis4 Whats Polly to me,or me to Polly?parody5 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions,and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey.=understatement6 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind,a few embers still smoldered.Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.metaphor,extended metaphor7. I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. Transferred epithet8. There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lambs frontier. metaphor9. After all, surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation, lawyers have briefs to guide them during a grail, metonymy10. In fact, she veered in the opposite direction. understatement11. but I was not one to let my heart rule my head. Metonymy12. You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker for the rain. Metonymy13. Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter. Metonymy14. It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful. Antithesis15. Look at me - a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Petey - a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy wholl never know where his next meal is coming from. Antithesis16. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. Synecdoche17. Could Carlyle do more? Could Ruskin? Rhetorical question18. I cited instances, pointed out flaws, kept hammering away without let-up. It was like digging a tunnel. Simile19. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemists scales, as penetrating as a scalpel. Simile and Hyperbole20. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. metaphor21. It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. HyperboleLesson 51 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:”.transferred epithet2 Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by somesubconsciously if not openlythat our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.metaphor3 War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.metaphor4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,metaphor5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.metonymy6 After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.metonymy 7 Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry,and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.metaphor8 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”personification,metonymy ,synecdoche9. The important book rather grandiosely entitled Civilization in the United States, was the rallying point of sensitive persons disgusted with America. metaphor10. Their very homes were often uncomfortable to them; they had outgrown town and Families. metaphor11. Since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for Metonymy and Personification12. Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit which denounced it. Metonymy13. until the crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decade called the party to a halt and metaphorLesson 61 The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the citys crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.transferred epithet2 So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world.synecdoche, metaphor3 Sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood alliteration; metaphor4 Tin Pan Alley . metonymy5 New York was never Mecca to me. . metonymy; metaphor6 Nature constantly yields to man in New York . personification7 So does an attitude which sees the public only in terms of large, malleable numbers . as impersonally as does the clattering subway turnstile beneath the office towers. . simile; onomatopoeia8 Those paintings dont sell do illustrations; those who cant get acting jobs do commercials; those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves on the magazines parallelism9 “So what else is new?” . rhetorical question10 The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of town . euphemism11 All have their little sovereignties, all are sizable enough to be. . metaphor12 Characteristically, the city swallows up the United Nations and refuses to take it seriously . personificationLesson 101. The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of the town. 2. His choice of a vocation does not cause him any uneasy wonderas to whether or not it will cost him all his friends. Transferred epithetSimile and as persistentas rain, snow, taxes or businessmen It is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel and found himself beneath the open sky. Metaphorhis props have all been knocked out from under himarmed with two Bessie Smith records accept my role in the extraordinary drama which is Americawhen he has made his first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish in unpredictable battle.It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing his musclesan American writer fights his way to one of the lowest rungsto step out of that lukewarm bathEven the most incorrigible maverick has to be born somewhere.An American writer fights his way to one of the lowest rungs on the American social ladder. Simile明喻 Metaphor暗喻Alliteration头韵法Antithesis 对照，对比，对偶Transferred Epithet 移就Metonymy 借喻，转喻 Synecdoche 提喻Synaesthesia通感Personification 拟人 Hyperbole 夸张Parallelism 排比 Euphemism 委婉语Repetition重复 Irony 讽刺，反语Pun 双关Rhetorical question 修辞疑问Oxymoron 矛盾修饰法Climax 渐进法，层进法Anticlimax 渐降法Onomatopoeia 拟声Allusion 隐喻Antonomasia 换称-