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    人教版小学英语五年级上知识点归纳总结.docx

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    人教版小学英语五年级上知识点归纳总结.docx

    五年级英语考察点一、 some和any的用法和区别:any/some的意思都是一些 后可以+可数名词复数也可加不可数名词,any用法:一般用在疑问句或否定句中,表示“一些”,修饰可数和不可数都可以,例如:He didn't buy any meat.他没有买一些肉. Can you give me any help? 你可以给我一些帮助吗?some用法:表示“一些”,一般用在肯定句中,可以修饰可数和不可数名词。例如:He gave me some books yesterday.他昨天给我一些书. Some water is in the cup.一些水在杯子里.some有时候也可用在一般疑问句中 如果是邀请并希望得到对方肯定回答或者明确知道对方会作出肯定回答是用some 这种用法多出现在would like句型中 如:Would you like some apples?any 也可以用于肯定句中,但是表示“任何”的意思,例如:You can call me any time.你可以再任何时候给我打电话. He can sing any pop songs.他会唱任何一首流行歌曲. 二、 live in ,live at,live on 的区别和用法:1) live in 后面加地方(加大范围的) 一般指的范围比较大,如集镇,某城市,某个国家;2) live at 后加小范围的(多为门牌号等)一般指的范围比较小,如街道,小巷,公寓live in, 是住在.里面(学校里,城镇里,房子里.)是指物体的内部。住在学习(或工作)的地方;(店员)住在店里:例如:We lived in a small house.3)live on 是在.上面居住(生活),靠生活,以·······为食(生)亦作live upon,可用于动物和人,后接食物或生活来源.如:He lives on a lonely island. 他住在一座孤岛上。He lives on teaching.他靠教书为生.He still lived on his parents after graduation. 毕业之后他仍然靠父母生活。graduation英græduen美ræduen n.毕业; 毕业典礼; 刻度,分度; 分等级college英kld美k:ldn.大学; (英国) 学院; 学会; (尤指必须交费的) 中学4)live by 靠为生 live by 靠为生;.live by ones hands 自食其力;5)live with与住在一起;与共同生活:The child lives with his uncle.孩子和舅舅住在一起。三、 with和and的区别:意义上,两个是一样的。with是介词,后边带名词、代词或相当于名词、代词的词作宾语,with sb./ sth.with和后面的词构成“介词+宾语”的结构单数名词作主语带with时,谓语动词仍然是单数, A with B中,A B是不平行的,A是主要成分,with B则是个附属成分,如:LiPing with Tom often goes to the park.它的汉意是:“和一起,跟一起”“和,跟”“在一边,与一致”“拥护”“具有、带有”“在身上”表示使用工具.如:If I can see with my eyes.And:是并列连词,并列同类的词或表示对称关系,并列词与词、词组与词组、句子与句子.A and B中,A B是平行的,AND连接的词属于并列成分。两个单数名词用and连接作主语时,谓语动词用复数.LiPing and Tom are students.并列两个不可数名词(指不是同一种事物时),谓语动词用复数.Air and water are important to us.它的汉意 和、与、及、同、又、并; 强调连续反复 连两比较级意为越来越.talk and talk round and round More and more介 词介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。常见的有 on at in cross 常见搭配有1动词+介词,如:listen to, laugh at, write to, hear from, get to, look at, shout at, shout to, knock at, look for, look at,ask for, wait for, get on, get to, put on, turn on, operate on, take off, turn off, learn from,worry about .2形容词+介词,如:afraid of, full of, angry with, strict with, busy with, good at, good/bad for, late for, sorry for, ready for, famous for, polite to, far from.3名词+介词 / 介词+名词key to, visit to, at home, in surprise, after class, for ever, on time, at last,at first,for example.四、 thank you for 的用法,(等同于thanks for),其中for是介词,后面跟名词、代词、动名词或名词性从句皆可. 如:Thank you for your help. Thank you for that.Thank you for helping me. Thank you for what you have done for me.五、 Talk 词组,及区别talk to/with sb. 和某人谈话 talk of sb./sth. 提到某人/某事/某物talk about sb./sth. 谈论某人/某事talk to,talk with,talk about,talk of用法区别 :talk to sb.“对某人讲话”,侧重于表示一个人对另一个人讲话,但是不表示对方也需要讲话,主要是强调告诉某人什么事,有时指上级对下级,含有“训话”意味,是单向的; talk with sb.“和某人一起谈论”,双方都要发表言论,相互沟通,双方是互动的; 例如:The teacher is talking to his students. 老师正在对他的同学们讲话。 The teacher is talking with his students. 老师正在和他的同学们聊天。 talk about+谈话内容,宾语可是人,也可是物。意为“谈论,讨论”。 例如:What are you talking about ?  Lets not talk about it now. talk of“谈及,谈到”与talk about 同义。只是talk of 仅指“浅谈表面现象(如作者、书名等)。” 例如:We often talk of you.我们经常谈到你。五、 现在进行时态的定义及构成:定义:表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作或存在的状态。 构成:由be(am/is/are)+动词-ing形式构成 标志性词语: 1.现在进行时.通常用“now”。 2.现在进行时.通常用“look”。 3.现在进行时.通常用“listen”。现在进行时的用法 (1)用来表示说话时正在进行或者发生的动作, (2)用来表示现阶段正在进行的动作(但说话时不一定在进行)现在进行时的句型变化 1、 肯定式结构:主语+be+动词-ing形式+其他. 例如:We are running now. 2、否定式结构:主语+be+not+动词-ing形式+其他. 例如:They arent doing their homework. 3、一般疑问句式结构:Be+主语+动词-ing形式+其他? 例如:Is she having English lesson? 回答:肯定Yes, she is. 否定:No, she isnt. ? 4、特殊疑问句式结构:疑问词+be+主语+其他? 例如:What is he doing now? 回答:He is swimming.六、一般过去时的定义及构成: A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。 例如: I went to Beijing last year. B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型,本身表示的就是过去时。 例如:I used to live here. 我过去住在这里 C) 有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。 例:Would you mind my sitting here? 您介意我坐在这里吗? Could you pass me the pen? 您可以把笔递给我么 注意: 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ,ago等,绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用,因为这样的时 间状语都与现在有关系,应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。七、 一般现在时态的定义及构成:定义 :表示经常或习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示频率的副词sometimes(有时), often(经常), usually(通常), always(总是),once a week.以及时间状语in the morning/ afternoon/ evening(在上午/下午/晚上), every day/ week/ month/ year(每天/周/月/年), at noon/night(在中午/夜里), on Monday/Tuesday(在星期一/二)等连用。He gets up at six oclock every day. I like English. He is a good student. 句型结构 谓语是be动词 谓语是实义动词谓语是情态动词主语是第三人称单数主语不是第三人称单数肯定句主语+be动+其它He is a teacher.主语+动变+其它He goes to school every day.主语+动原+其它They go to school every day.主语+情动+ 动原+其它They can sing a song.否定句主语+ be动+not+其它He is not a teacher.主语+ doesnt + 动原+其它He doesnt go to school every day.主语+dont+ 动原+其它They dont go to school every day.主语+情动+not+ 动原+其它They cant sing a song.一般疑问句be动+主语+其它? Is he a teacher?Does +主语+动原+其它? Does he go to school every day?Do+主语+动原+其它? Do they go to school every day?情动+主语+动原+其它? Can they sing a song? 肯回Yes, he is.否回No, he isnt.肯回Yes, he does.否回No, he doesnt.肯回Yes, they do.否回No, they dont.肯回Yes, they can.否回 No, they cant. 特殊疑问句特词+ be动+主语+其它? What is he?特词+ does +主语+动原+其它? What does he do every day?特词+ do+主语+动原+其它? What do they do every day?特词+情动+主语+动原+其它? What can they do?动变规则:1、一般在动词 加s。 如:talk talks, live lives。2、以s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词 加es。如:guess-guesses,mix-mixes,watch watches, wash washes, go goes,dodoes3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,把y变成i再加es。如:study-studies fly flies。4、特殊 have的第三人称单数为has。 be的第三人称单数为 is八、programme英prgræm美proræm, -rm n.(演出或活动的)程序; 计划; 节目; 课程; vt. 计划; 训练; 培养; 预调; vi. 编程序; 制作节目九、特殊疑问句的提问词:特殊疑问句的定义:用“特殊疑问词”引导的疑问句叫做“特殊疑问句”,朗读句子时用降调。回答特殊疑问句时不能用yes或no,而必须问什么就回答什么。例如:Where's the restaurant? 哪里有餐厅? Its near the station. 车站附近。1. 对“地点,位置”提问,用“where”。例如:They are studying Chinese in China. Where are they studying Chinese?2. 就“时间”提问,用“when”。例如:She came to Japan in 1990. When did she come to Japan?3. 对“具体时刻、几点钟”提问,用“what time”。例如:He often goes to bed at ten. What time does he often go to bed?4. 对“谁”提问,用“who”(主格)或“whom”(宾格)。例如:The girl is standing at the station. Who is standing at the station?They often go home with Tom. Whom do they often go home with?5. 对“谁的(人或物)”提问,用“whose”。例如:I will meet my father. Whose father will you meet?6. 对“年龄,多少岁”提问,用“how old”。例如:The man over there is sixty. How old is the man over there?7. 对“哪一个”提问,用“which”。例如:She likes the new skirt. Which skirt does she like?8. 对“颜色”提问,用“what colour”。例如:Her blouse is white. What colour is her blouse?9. 对“职业”提问,用“what”。例如:His mother is a teacher. What is his mother?Her brother works as a policeman. What does her brother work as?My cousin is a doctor. What is your cousins job?10. 对“次数”提问,用“how many times”。(回答时,“一次”是once,“两次”是twice,“三次”是three times,“四次”是four times,如此类推)例如:He has been to England twice. How many times has he been to England?11. 对“数量”提问用“how many”(对可数名词进行提问)或“how much”(对不可数名词进行提问)。例如:There are 50 students in Class 1. How many students are there in Class 1?I have some new shoes. How many new shoes do you have?She spent 10yuan on the book. How much did she spend on the book?There is little water in the bottle. How much water is there in the bottle?12. 对“方式,方法;感觉如何”提问,用“how”。例如:We come to school on foot. How do you come to school?She is feeling much better now. How is she feeling now?13. 对“原因”提问,用“why”,回答时常用because开头。例如:He didnt come because he was ill yesterday. Why didnt he come yesterday?14. 对“做什么”提问,用“whatdo/doing/done”。例如:He works as a worker. What does he do?(问职业)We are looking at the blackboard. What are you doing?(问正在做什么)They have seen the film. What have they done?(问做过什么)15. 对“一段时间,花了多长时间”提问,用“how long”.(常跟一般现在时连用。回答时,for+时间段,since+时间点.)例如:We have stayed here for six years. How long have you stayed here?He has worked in Beijing since 1980. How long has he worked in Beijing?16. 对“频度、频率”提问,用how often。(回答时,经常会用到“频度副词”:always总是,usually通常,often经常,sometimes有时,seldom很少,never从不)例如: She is late for school once a week. How often is she late for school?We sometimes get up at 10:00. How often do you get up at 10:00?17. 对“将来要做的某事”提问,用“how soon”。(常和“一般将来时”连用)例如:Lucy will be back in four days. How soon will Lucy be back?18. 对“高度”提问用“how tall”(表示人)或“how high”(表示物)。例如:The man is 2 metres tall. How tall is the man?The hill is 300 metres high. How high is the hill?19. 对“重量”提问,用“how heavy”;对“大小”提问,用“how big”。例如:The elephant weighs 3 tons. How heavy does the elephant weigh?The stone is about 11 metres long, 5 metres wide, 7 metres high. How big is the stone?20. 对“物品长度,”提问,用“how long”;对“物品宽度”提问,用“how wide”。例如:The desk is 4 metres long. How long is the desk?The river is 100 metres wide. How wide is the river?21. 对“星期几”提问,用“what day”。(欧美国家习惯把星期天视作每周第1天)例如:Today is Friday. What day is today?22.对日期”提问,用“whatthe date”。(英式的日期表示方式:日/月/年;美式的日期表示方式:月/日/年)例如:Yesterday was 1 July, 1995.(英式)或Yesterday was July 1, 1995.(美式) What was the date yesterday?22. 对“距离”提问,用“how far”。(有时需用“花多长时间乘搭某种交通工具”作为表示“距离”的方式,此时切勿与“how long”搞混)例如:Its 2 miles from my home to school. How far is it from your home to school?23. 对“尺寸,尺码”提问,用“what size”。例如:I want size 42 shoes. What size shoes do you want?24. 对“天气状况”提问,用“Whatthe weather like?”或“Howthe weather”。例如:Today is rainy. What is the weather like today? 或How is the weather today?25. 对“天气的温度”提问,用以下几种方式提问:(1)What temperature is it today? (2)How many degrees is it today? (3)What is the temperature today?如何把陈述句改为特殊疑问句(对句中划线部分提问)分类例句【第一种情况】l 句中有be动词(am,is,are,was,were);l 特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+其他句子成分。【肯定句】He is a driver.【特殊疑问句】Who is a driver?【第二种情况】l 句中有情态动词;l 特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+其他句子成分。【肯定句】She will come tomorrow.【特殊疑问句】What will she do tomorrow?【第三种情况】l 句中没有be动词或情态动词;l 句子是一般现在时;l 特殊疑问词+助动词do+主语+其他句子成分。【肯定句】They like apples.【特殊疑问句】What do they like?【第三种情况】l 句中没有be动词或情态动词;l 句子是一般现在时;l 主语是第三人称单数;l 特殊疑问词+助动词does+主语+其他句子成分;l 动词变回原形。【肯定句】He plays tennis every day.【特殊疑问句】How often does he play tennis?【第三种情况】l 句中没有be动词或情态动词;l 句子是一般过去时;l 特殊疑问词+助动词did+主语+其他句子成分;l 动词变回原形。【肯定句】They came back late yesterday.【特殊疑问句】When did they come back late?【补充说明】l 原句是第一人称I或we作主语的,改为一般疑问句时要变为第二人称you,动词必须随主语的改变而改变。【肯定句】I had an exam this morning.【特殊疑问句】What did you have this morning?十、 英语中“吃”,have和eat的区别:三餐一般是用固定搭配have have breakfast/lunch/dinner/supper/mealeat 流行于美国,既可指“吃”,也可指“喝”,但作“喝”讲时通常用于“喝”汤之类,如: She is eating bread.她正在吃面包. Do you like to eat soup?你喜欢喝汤吗?have为普通用语,有吃喝的意思,在英国常用have代替drink,在美国常用eat代替have,与meal,dinner等表示三餐的词连用时多用have。十一、完成时态:have+过去分词;现在完成时(Present perfect)过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果,过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。基本结构: 主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词(done) 友情提示:在现在完成时的各种结构中,have, has均为助动词,无实际意义,只起构成时态的作用,不可省略。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has,其余人称一律用have。肯定句:主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.如:I have read the novel.我看过那本书了.(已看完)否定句:主语+助动词have/has+not+动词的过去分词+宾语. 如: I have not seen the movie yet. 我还没看这部电影。一般疑问句:助动词Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.如:- Have you finished the work?你已经做完这项工作了吗?-Yes, I have. 是的,我已经做完了。(No, I haven't. 不,我还没有做完。)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组 + 一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他)如:How many times have you been to the Great Wall?你去过长城几次?友情提示:肯定句中有some, already时,改为否定句或疑问句时通常要分别改为any, yet。 如: I have already finished my homework. I haven't finished my homework yet. (否定句) Have you finished your homework yet? (一般疑问句) 我已经完成了我的作业。我还没有完成。你完成了吗?定义:(1) 强调动作是过去发生的(2) 强调对现在的影响或结果(3) 在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作,但是结果对现在有影响.如: I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) My brother has done his homework already. 我的弟弟已经做完他的作业了。 1. 现在完成时的“完成用法”:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果。也就是说现在完成时虽与过去有关,但实际上看重的是对现在的影响或结果。如:He has turned off the light 他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况灯现在不亮了。) Who has opened the window? 谁把窗子打开了?(动作发生在过去,但说明的是现在的情况现在窗子开着呢。) I've finished my homework now. 现在我已经做完作业了。(说明可以交作业或做别的了) 2. 现在完成时的“未完成用法”:指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,刚刚结束,或可能还要继续下去。 此时常与“for + 时间段” 或 “since + 表过去的时间点” 或 “since + 从句(+时间点或过去时的句子)或since+时段+ago”连用。 如: He has lived here since 1978自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直延续到现在,可能还要继续下去。) I have lived here for more than 30 years我在这儿已经住了三十多年了。(动作开始于30多年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。) He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿三十年了。(现在还住在这儿) They've known each other since childhood. 他们从小彼此相识。(现在还继续往来) How long have you studied English? 你学英语多久了?(现在仍在学) 友情提示: 在这类句子的肯定句中谓语动词通常用延续性动词。终止性动词由于动作不能持续,故不能与for或since引出的时间状语连用。但终止性动词的否定式可与这类时间状语连用。如: I haven't met him for a long time. 我好长时间没见到他了。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They haven't finished their homework yet. 他们还没有完成作业。 b. 用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如: -Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗 -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 瞬间动词(buy,die,join,lose)不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词: come/arrive/reach/get to-be in go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead Buy-have Fall ill-be ill come back-be back Put on -be on/wear Worry-be worried catch a cold-have a cold A、1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on B)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词1、be+married代marry 2、be+ill代fall (get) ill 3、be+dead代die 4、be+asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be+awake代wake/wake up 6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be+open代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose C)用“be+副词”代终止性动词 1“be+on”代start,begin 2“be+up”代get up 3“be+back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 D)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to I. have been(to)与have gone( to)与have been in的区别: has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别gone:去了没回 been to :去过 been in:呆了很久have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回 来了)”,可用于各人称;have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,前者可与once ,never,several times等连用,后者则不能。现在完成时态不能与when连用 (现在完成时是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响以及过去一直持续到现在的动作,一般翻译成“已经”,而when一般

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