人教版新课标英语七年级上册重点知识归纳.docx
人教版新课标英语七年级上册重点知识归纳Starter Units 1-3 1. Good morning! 早上好, Good afternoon! Good evening! 答语相同。Good night! 晚安2. A: How are you? 你(身体)好吗? B: (Im) fine/Very well/Im OK, Thank you./thanks. How are you? / And you? 我很好,谢谢。3. Thanks =Thank you 谢谢4. Whats this/that in English? 这/那用英语怎么说? Its a/an + 单数物品 (错误回答This/That is)Whats this in English? 这用英语怎么说?Its a jacket. 夹克衫Whats that in English? 那用英语怎么说?Its an orange. 橘子。in + 语言:用某种语言 in Chinese/English/Japanese用汉/英/日语 5. a 和an是不定冠词,只用在可数名词单数前面,表示“一”。a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前;an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。这里的元音音素和辅音音素是指读音,而不是指字母。如:a pen /pen/ 一支钢笔 (/p/为辅音音素), a useful book (/'ju:sfl/ /j/为辅音音素) an orange /' rind / 一个桔子 (/ /为元音音素) an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card /an e-mail / an hour/an old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an art lesson/ an hour6. The是定冠词,表示“这(个),那(个),这些,那些” ,在辅音音素前读/ð/,在元音音素前读/ ði: /, 定冠词the的用法:(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk. (2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys arent at school.(4)在序数词前: Johns birthday is February the second.(5)用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening 7. 动词be的一般现在时态: 我(I)用 am ,你(you)用 are, is连着他(he)她(she)它(it)。 单数名词用 is,复数名词全部都用are。 变否定,很简单,在be后把not加。 变一般疑问句,把be提句首,句末问号莫丢弃。 变特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句。针对练习 1) I 14, how old you? 2) He/She is a student. 3)What color it?4)The key yellow. 5)He and I students. 8. Spell it, please. = Please spell it. 请拼读它。 K E - Y. 注:please置于句末时,前面要加逗号。 9. 问颜色:What color white, black, red, blue, yellow, green, brown, purple, orange, 1) What color is + 单数名词? 2) What color are + 复数名词? Its /It is + 颜色. Theyre/They are + 颜色. 如:1) What color is the key?(这把)钥匙是什么颜色的? Its (It is)yellow. (它是)黄色的。 2) What color are the keys? 这些钥匙是什么颜色的? Theyre (They are) red. (它们)是红色的。3)Its black and white. 它是黑白色的。10.字母教学资料1)英语中共有26个字母。其中的Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu 5个字母被称为元音字母。这五个元音字母是构成英语成千上万单词的核心,除了一些缩略词之外,其它任何一个英语单词,通常都应包含一个或多个元音字母。26个字母中的其它21个字母被称为辅音字母。大写字母的用法 1)英语句子开头的第一个字母必须大写。 2)I(我),OK在句中任何位置都大写。 3)人名、地名、国名、某国人或某种语言等专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。4)表示称呼的名词的第一个字母通常要大写。Uncle Wang王叔叔 5)表示月份、星期、重要节日的名词的第一个字母必须大写。 6)某些缩略词的第一个字母都必须大写。7)电影名、书名、报刊、文章的标题等中的每个实词(如:名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词)的第一个字母一般大写。English Weekly英语周报Titanic泰坦尼克号11.英语句子的书写 句子开头的第一个单词的第一个字母要大写,单词与单词之间要有适当的距离,一般为放入一个字母的空隙,句末要有标点符号,英语的句号是个实心圆点,而不是汉语中的小圆圈。12.语音:复习教材75页84页 要求能认读44个基本音素,能分清元音辅音(20个元音,24个辅音),能拼读单词,能按读音记忆单词拼写。掌握5个元音字母在重读开闭音节中的发音,掌握常见元音字母组合,辅音字母组合的发音,音节,单音节,双音节,多音节;了解重读、连读等。13.词类 参看英语教材七上P85 Unit 1 My names Gina.1. 询问姓名 1)Whats your name? 你叫什么名字? Alan / My names Alan / Im Alan Whats = What is names = name is Im = I am2)Whats his name? 他叫什么名字?His names Eric / Hes Eric . ( Hes = He is )3)Whats her name?她叫什么名字?Her names Mary. / Shes Mary. ( Shes = She is )2. Nice to meet you. 见到你很高兴。(初次见面用语。)回答Nice to meet you, too.3. How do you do? 你好!回答:How do you do? 4. Mr ,Mrs ,Miss 和Ms 用于姓或姓名前Mr 'mist(r) 先生Miss mis 小姐,女士;(年轻未婚女子)Ms. miz 女士Mrs 'misiz 太太;夫人(用于已婚妇女姓名前)5. Is he Jack? 他是杰克吗? Yes, he is. 是的,他是。No, he isnt. His names Mike. 不,他不是。他的名字叫迈克。6. Are you Helen? 你是海伦吗?Yes, I am. / No, Im not. Im Gina. 不,我不是。我是吉娜。7.英美人的姓名与中国人的姓名顺序相反,名在前,姓在后。如Jim Green, 名是Jim,姓是Green。 名字:first name(第一个名字)或 given name 姓氏:last name(最后的名字)或family name(家族的名字) 全名:full name8. 问电话号码: Whats your/his/her telephone number? Its + 号码. Unit 2 This is my sister.1. parent: father or mother 父亲或母亲 parents: father and mother父母(双)亲2. 介绍他人 1) This / That is这那位是)These / Those are这那些是This is my friend Jane.这(位)是我的朋友简 That is my grandfather. 那(位)是我的祖父。These are my brothers. 这些是我的兄弟。 Those are my parents. 那些是我的父母。3. 指示代词this“这,这个”指示代词,用来指代距离较近的单个的人或物。反义是that,用来指代距离比较远的单个的人或物。this的复数是these; that的复数是 those。 This is my friend. 复数 These are my friends. That is my brother. 复数 Those are my brothers.5. Whos she? 她是谁? Shes my sister. 她是我妹妹。Whos he? 他是谁? Hes my brother. 她是我哥哥。Whore they? 他们是谁? Theyre my grandparents. 他们是我的祖父母。Whos = Who is Whore = Who are Shes = She is Hes = He is Theyre =They are6. Have a good day! 愿你们(一天)玩得高兴!(表达祝愿) day还可用morning, afternoon, evening, holiday等词语代替。7. You, too. 你(们)也一样。 Me ,too . = So do I .我也是如此。 8. the photo of my family = my family photo 我的全家照。9. Here are two nice photos of my family.这有两张我家人的漂亮照片。Here are 表示“这是;这(儿)有”,用于介绍或引入话题。也可用Here is +单数。 Here is your book. 这是你的书 10. 名词复数及名词所有格(复习教材Page85-86.)名词的复数形式 A、一般情况下加-s,如book books ; B、以s、x、sh、ch等结尾的词加-es,如watch watches ; C、以辅音字母加y结尾的词,要改y为i,再加-es,如family families ; D、以“f”或“fe”结尾的词,改“f”或“fe”为“v”,再加-es ;knife-knivesE、部分以o结尾的词加-es,如tomato tomatoes;potato potatoes; hero-heroes; F、少数名词的复数形式是不规则的,如man men;woman women; childchildren;名词所有格:一般:Jims books,Jim的书以s结尾的复数:my parents room, 我父母的房间比较:Davids and Jacks bags(分别所有), David and Jacks brother(共同所有) a map of China, 一张中国地图 a photo of my family,一幅我的全家照Unit 3 Is this your pencil?1. 人称代词和物主代词 人称代词 主格I 我来源:Z+xx+k.Comyou 你he他she她来源:Zxxk.Comit它来源:学§科§网we我们来源:Zxxk.Comyou你们they他们来源:Z。xx。k.Com宾格me 我you 你him他her她it它Us我们you你们them他们物主代词形容词性my 我的your你的his他的her她的its它的our我们的your你们的their他们的名词性mine我的yours你的his他的hers她的its它的ours我们的yours你们的theirs他们的 1) 人称代词作主语时用主格;作宾语时用宾格;作表语时用主格或宾格。 I am hungry, please give me something to eat.我饿了,请给我一些吃的东西。 (作主语) (作宾语) like , and likes , too.我喜欢她,她也喜欢我。 Who told that news? 谁告诉他那个消息的? Its me. 是我。 2) 形容词性物主代词修饰名词,必须放在名词前面,相当于形容词,在句中作定语。名词性物主代词相当于名词(即指代名词,后面不能再加名词),在句中作主语、表语或宾语。 This is your ruler, it is not mine.这是你的尺子,不是我的。 This is book, and is on the desk.这是他的书,你的在桌子上。 (他) doesnt have an eraser. (我的)is in the bag. Give (他) (你的).2. Is this/that? 这/那是吗?Yes, it is. / No, it isnt. Its = It is 回答时,要用it来代替this和that。错误回答Yes, this/that is. / No, this/that isnt.1)Is this your pencil ? 这是你的铅笔吗 Yes, it is. Its mine./No, it isnt. Its hers. (isnt = is not) 2)Is that your schoolbag? 那是你的书包吗?Yes, it is. Its mine./No, it isnt. Its his. 3. Are these / those ? 这 / 那些是吗? Yes, they are. / No, they arent. 回答时,要用they来代替these和those。不可回答Yes, these / those are / No, these / those arent. 1) Are these your books? 这些是你的书吗? Yes, they are. /No, they arent. They are hers. 2)Are those her keys? 那些是她的钥匙吗? Yes, they are. / No, they arent. They are mine. (arent = are not)一般疑问句注意事项: 1、肯定和否定回答中必须用人称代词主格,即只能用I, we, you, he, she, it, they等,不能出现其它词,特别注意不能用this, that, these, those等指示代词。 2、肯定和否定回答要保持三个单词,因此当am, is, are出现在句尾时,一定不能缩写。如:不能用Yes, Im; Yes, hes; Yes, theyre. 3、am not 不能缩写,如:No, Im not不能用No. I amnt. 4、肯定和否定回答不能出现前后矛盾。如:不能说 Yes, he isnt; No, I do; Yes, she doesnt. 4. Excuse me.请原谅/打扰了(客套语,用于问别人问题、请别人帮忙、打断别人说话等场合。) Sorry/Im sorry. “对不起,抱歉”(用于向别人表示歉意) A: Excuse me. Where is my pen? 打扰了,我的钢笔在那?B: Sorry/Im sorry, I dont know. 对不起,我不知道。5. What / how about ? “怎么样?” “又如何呢?”后接名词,代词或动名词。1)向对方提出建议或请求。例如: How about going out for a walk? 出去散散步好吗? What about another cake? 再吃块蛋糕好吗? 2)征询对方的看法或意见。例如: What about her playing the violin? (你认为)她的小提琴拉的怎么样? What about the TV play? 那个电视剧怎么样? 6. thanks / thank you for因而感谢, for是介词,后接n / pron / v-ing. (名词/代词、动名词) Thanks for the photo of your family. 谢谢你的全家福照片。 Thanks for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。7如何用英语表示感谢 1)表示感谢的常用套语: Its very kind of you. 你太好了,多谢你了。Thank you. Thank you very much. Thanks a lot. Thanks very much. Thanks so much. Many thanks. 多谢。 2)回答感谢的常用答语: Not at all. 别客气; You are welcome. 不用谢。Thats all right. 不用谢。 Thats OK. 没什么;不用谢。 Its It was a pleasure. 不用客气;不用谢。 8. How do you spell? 你怎么拼写/读?Spell it, please.请把它拼写出来。A: How do you spell “red”? B: R-E-D.9. call sb at + 电话号码:“拨打号码找某人” Call Alan at 495-3539.拨打495-3539找艾伦10. E-mail me at maryg2.(请)给我maryg2这个邮箱发邮件。 是at的缩写,读作at,com前的实心点读作dot。11. I must find it. 我必须找到它。Must情态动词+动词原形12. a set of一套副串a set of keys 一串钥匙a set of作句子的主语时,应看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。如:A set of keys is on the desk. 有串钥匙在桌子上。13. Is that your computer game in the lost and found case? 那个在失物招领箱里的电子游戏机是你的吗? in the lost and found case 在失物招领箱里Unit 4 Wheres my schoolbag?1. 谈论物品的位置 介词on(在上), in(在里), under(在下) Wheres + 单数物品? Where are + 复数物品?Its + 介词短语. Theyre + 介词短语. 1) Wheres the baseball? Its in the schoolbag. 棒球在哪?在书包里。 3) Where are your books? Theyre on the chair. 你的书在哪?在椅子上。注意:名词前已有作定语的this, that, my, your, some, any, each, every物主代词或指示代词等,则不用冠词a/an/the。3. Come on, Jack! 快点儿,杰克!= Hurry (up), Jack!4. Ginas books are everywhere.吉娜的书到处都是。习题训练 1、They are some computers . (否定句) They _ _ computers. 2、Those are some tables . (一般疑问句) _ those _ tables . 3、Her basketball is under the desk. (对划线部分提问)_4、My notebooks are on the table .(对划线部分提问) _ _ _ notebooks ?5、Are these your watches ? (肯定回答) _Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball?1. Do you have? Yes, I do. No, I dont. 你有吗? 是的,我有。 不,我没有。Do they have? Yes, they do. No, they dont.Does he have? Yes, he does. No, he doesnt.Does she have? Yes, she does. No, she doesnt.在一般现在时中,句子的谓语动词若是实义动词,常借助助动词do或does来构成否定句或疑问句。Does用于主语是第三人称单数的句子中,其他情况用do。2. do/does 1)作助动词,帮助构成一般现在时的否定句或疑问句,无意义。 Do you have a soccer ball? 你有足球吗? I dont know. 我不知道。 Does Jim have a sister? 吉姆有妹妹吗? What does he like? 他喜欢什么? He doesnt like English. 他不喜欢英语。 2) 作实义动词,“做,干”。 I do my homework every day. 我每天都做家庭作业。 Bob does his homework every day. 鲍勃每天都做家庭作业。 3) 在一般现在时中,do/does 可用来替代上文出现过的动词,以避免重复。 Do you have a soccer ball? 你有足球吗?Yes, I do. 是的,我有。(do代词)Does she have an eraser? Yes, she does. I dont have a soccer ball, but my brother Alan does.我没有足球,但我的哥哥艾伦有。3. Lets do sth. “(让)我们做某事吧。”表示建议。(lets = let us) 肯定回答一般用That sounds good.(那听起来很好)/OK. / All right. / Great. / Good idea. 否定回答一般用sorry, I4. Were late! 我们迟到了!be late for. 迟到 Dont be late for school.不要上学迟到。5. play + 球类名词:打/踢球(注意:球类运动不用冠词) play ping-pong/basketball/volleyball/tennis/soccer6. We play it at school with our friends.我们和我们的朋友在学校踢。 1)at school 在学校 2)with “和;与;跟在一起”7. Its easy for me.这对我来说挺容易的。Its +形容词+for sb.+to do sth.8. play/do sports做运动 9. watch TV看电视10. on TV/on the radio/on the computer/on the phone 在电视上/在收音机上/在电脑上/在电话上 11. after class 下课后 after school 放学后18.一般现在时 (P89-91)1)动词be: 主语+ be(am, is, are) + 名词/代词/介词短语/副词等。 2) 实义动词do: 主语(一人称、二人称、三人称复数)+ 动词原形 + 主语(三人称单数)+ 动词(三单) + 当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要相应变化,即三单形式,与名词变复数的规则相同本块习题:用所给词的正确形式填空1、I _ ( have ) a soccer ball . 2、She _ ( have ) two _ ( ping pongball ) . 3、He _ ( play ) sports every day . 4、We _ ( speak ) English .5、Tom _ ( call ) Jim every day . 6、My daughter _ ( like ) apples .本块练习题 把下列肯定句变成否定句、一般疑问句,并作简略肯定和否定回答。1、 They like computers . 否:They _ _ computers . 疑:_they_ computers ? _- _2、 He has a sports club . 否: He _ _ a sports club .疑:_he_ a sports club ? _ _3、 We watch TV sometimes . 否:We _ _ TV sometimes .疑:_ _ _ TV sometimes ? _ _4、Tom often plays computers . 否:Tom _ often_ computer games .疑:_ Tom often _ computer games ? _ _ 4、 She has some basketballs . 否:She _ _ _ basketballs .疑:_ she _ _ basketballs ? _ _ Unit 6 Do you like bananas?1. like 喜欢 同义词 love 1)like sb. / sth. 喜欢某人/某物 Do you like bananas? 2) like doing/to do sth.喜欢/想要做某事 I like playing basketball every day.2. 名词的分类及表达不可数名词:表示的事物,其数量不可以数清或者难以数清。不可数名词用法上两大特点:没有复数形式; 不能用不定冠词a / an、基数词、many 修饰。 可数名词:表示的事物,其数量可以数清。可数名词用法上的特点:有单数复数两种形式; 能用不定冠词a / an、基数词、many 修饰。 3. good / well 1) good adj “好的”,常用来修饰名词。a good student一位好学生 2)well adv. “好”常用来修饰动词,放在动词之后。He learns English well.他英语学得好。也可作为adj “好的”,“健康的”(指身体好)He doesnt feel well.他感觉不舒服。4. think about 思考;考虑 about为介词 +V。ing 5. Sports star 体育明星 sport作修饰语时通常用复数形式。sports meeting, sports shoes6. ask sb about sth .询问某人关于某事 ask sb to do sth . 要求某人做某事。He asked me about the meeting.他问我关于运动会的一些情况。7. What do you like for breakfast? 你早餐喜欢(吃)什么?sb like for + 某餐(某人某餐喜欢吃什么)For breakfast, she likes eggs, bananas, and apples. 8. I dont want to be fat. 我不想变胖。want sth, 想要什么 want to do ,想做 want to be “想要成为;想要变得”,动词be后接形容词或名词。 Do you want to be a teacher? 你想成为一名老师吗? I dont want to be old! 我可不想变老!Unit 7 How much are these socks?1. 询问价格 1) How much is +单数商品? How much are + 复数商品? Its + 钱 Theyre + 钱 2) Whats the price of + 商品? Its + 钱 2. how many/how much 询问数量:how many + 可数名词,how much + 不可数名词 1)你有多少苹果?How many apples do you have? 2)你想要多少水?How much water do you want?3. socks袜子, shoes鞋, pants裤子,trousers裤子等都是成双成对的物品,一般以复数形式出现,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。但它们和a pair of (一双、一副或一对)连用作主语时,谓语动词要与pair在数上一致。 The pants are Toms. 这条裤子是汤姆的。 The pair of pants is Toms. 这条裤子是汤姆的。4. 英美等西方国家的货币单位像dollar(美元)、cent(美分)、pound(英镑)、penny(便士)、shilling(先令)等有单复数变化。我国的货币单位元(yuan)、角(jiao)、分(fen)单复数一样。 表示货币等度量衡单位的词在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 100 dollars is quite a lot of money for him. 100美元对他来说是相当多的钱。5. Can I help you? 我能帮助你吗?同义的常用表达:What can I do for you?/ May I help you?/Is there anything I can do for you?此句是主动提供帮助时的服务用语。它的翻译随着场所的不同而不同。在饭店:你想吃点什么?在商店:你想买点什么? 肯定回答:Yes, please. 否定回答:No, thanks. ()6. Here you are.给你。7. It looks nice.它看起来很漂亮。Look“看起来;看上去”,连系动词,后接形容词作表语。8. Ill take it.我买了。9. Come and buy your clothes at our great sale! 我们在大甩卖,快来买衣服! 1)come and do sth 来做某事 Come and see us. 来拜访 / 看看我们吧。 Please come and have dinner with us. 请来跟我们吃顿饭吧。 2)on sale 出售;廉价出售 for sale待售 11. We sell all our clothes at very good prices.我们卖的所有服装价格都很优惠。 at very good prices 以合理/优惠的价格12