初中英语近义词辨析专项练习（必考点）.docx

初中英语近义词辨析 专项练习（必考点）1. tell  talk  say  speakspeak讲语言 speak to sb about sth tell告诉 tell sb sth/tell sth to sb say说 say sth to sb talk交谈,聊天 talk to sb/talk sb about sth say ,speak talk 和tell辨析. say一般作及物动词用,着重说话的内容,它的宾语可以是名词,代 词或宾语从句.eg:He can say his name.他会说他的名字.Please say it in English.请用英语用.Shes saying ,Dont draw on the wall.她在说“别在墙上画”. speak强调说的动作,不强调所说的内容 .作及物动词时,常以某种 语言作宾语.作不及物动词时,常见的搭配形式有：speak of something/somebody谈到某事（某人）speak to sb 跟某 人讲话,此外speak还可用于在较为正式的场合了表演讲或演说.Can you speak Japanese?你会说日语吗?She is speaking to her teacher.她正在跟她的老师说话.He spoke at the meeting yesterday.他昨天在会上讲了话. talk 一般为不及物动词,意思是“交谈,谈话,着重强调两具之间的 相互说话.eg:She is talking with Lucy in English.她正在和露茜用英语交谈.What are you talking about?你们在谈论什么?The teacher is talking to him.老师正在和他谈话. tell常作及物动词,意为“讲述,告诉,动词常跟双宾语.tell sb sthtell sth to sb告诉某人某事.eg:He is telling the children a story.他正在给孩子们讲一个故事.Did you tell her the news?Did you tell the news to her?你把这个消息告诉她了吗?1 Can you _ me the truth?2 What language do you _?3 This is what they _ yesterday.4 Dont _in class，please be quiet.2. .look  look at  see  watchlook为不及物动词，后面不能带宾语，常单独使用，以引起对方注意。例如： Look! That's an English car. 看！那是一辆英国的小汽车。 look at是由动词look 与介词at组成的词组，相当于及物动词，后面可以带宾语，侧重"看"的动作。例如： Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。 see为及物动词，意思是"看见"，侧重"看"的结果。例如： Can I see your new pen? 我可以看看你的新钢笔吗？ watch 是及物动词，意思是"观看、注视"， 用来指注视移动着的物体，如看电视、看球赛、看戏等。 例如：They are watching TV.他们正在看电视1 The coat _ nice, I want to buy one for my daughter.2 Please _ the blackboard, can you _  anything?3 She doesnt like _ TV,but she likes _ football game.3. .sound  listen to  hearsound可作名词和动词.作名词时表"声响,声音",作动词时是一个"半系动词",后面一般加形容词或从句,表"听起来怎么样".hear是"听",它强调"听"的结果.你可翻译为"听到"listen是不及物动词,后面不能直接加宾语,也是"听",但它强调"听"的动作,你可以翻译为"收听".listen是不及物动词,但如果想要加"听"的对象,怎么办?这时就用listten to 了.1 _ the radio, it says the flood is coming soon.2 I cant _ you , because theres something wrong with my ears.3 What you said _ interesting.4. .hear from    hear oflisten to 是动作“听”hear 也是听,但是更强调听到的结果例如：I listened carefully to the radio,but didn't hear anything.我仔细听收音机,但是什么也没听见.(这个句子很烂)hear of 是听说到I have never heard of the anecdote before.我从来也没有听到过这件事.hear from 有从.听说到,收到.消息等意思I am delighted to hear from you.收到你的来信很高兴.1 After _ her sister, she read and soon wrote back.2 Have you _ the place called Shenglong?.5.receive      acceptreceive 是 接到，收到（客观上）的意思,但并不意味着同意接受比如说 你很讨厌一个人 他写信给你 你不想收 可是你并不能阻挡这封信的到来accept 是 接到，并同意的意思'比如说 有人约你星期六出去玩 你知道了 也接受了这个邀请He _ a present yesterday, but he didnt _ it, because it was too much expensive and he sent it back.6. .look up   look for  find   find outlook up可以为查阅,比如查字典I look up a few words.我查了几个字look for为寻找,I'm looking for my car.我在找我的车look up还有其他的解释：向上看, 尊敬, 仰望, 查寻, 拜访, 好转I look up Peter yearningly. 我渴望见到彼得.Look up a few words. 查几个字.Look up an old friend. 拜访一个老朋友I look up several old friends. 我拜访了几位老友.Look! It's a clearing up. 瞧,天晴了.Don't look up the dictionary. 不要查字典.I think I'd better look that up. 我想我得查一下.Look how our plants have shot up. 瞧我们的庄稼长得多快.Look, the orchestra pit is filling upfind就是单纯的找到,I find my car.我找到的车了find out也是发现,但是通常用于发现比较抽象的理论或者发现某一件事I find out the secret.attempt to find out. 试图发现事情的真相.How did you find out? 你怎么知道的?Truth will find liars out. 真理会戳穿说谎者.His sins will find him out. 他为非作歹,不会有好下场.How soon will I find out? 要等多久才能找到?Let me find out for you. 我来查一查.Love will find out the way. 爱情自会寻出路.Somebody will find that secret out. 有人会发现那个秘密.I'll find out where they live. 我去打听一下他们住在哪儿.I'll find out who is available. 我问一下谁有空跟你接洽1 He often takes a dictionary and _ the new words in it?2 The little girl _ her pen everywhere but didnt _ it at last.3 Look! Rita is crying over there. Lets go and _ why is she crying.7. .keep  borrow  lendborrow 指的是从别人那里借 take可以指参加 拿走的意思 lend 是从自己这里借出什么东西 get 是得到的意思1 My bike is broken, can I _ yours ,Lily?-Oh, sorry, Ive _ it to Sandy.2 How long may I _ this book?-For about two weeks.8. .reach  arrive  get1、arrive是不及物动词，后面要跟in或at，表示到达大城市或国家时要用in，到达小城市、乡村、车站等小地方则用at。如：We arrived in London last week. （我们上周到达伦敦。）The doctor arrived at the village at last. （医生终于到达了那个村子。）2、reach是个独行侠，是及物动词，后面从来不跟介词，直接跟宾语（地点名）就行了。如：When did you reach the station？ （你是什么时间到达车站的?）He reached Nanjing at noon. （他是中午到达南京的。）3、get与arrive一样，是不及物动词，所以常带着to一起出行。不过，当“到达”的地点是副词时，get就不带它了，如：Ann got to the farm at six oclock. （安六点钟到达农场。）I got here early in the morning. （我一大早就到这儿了。）当然，如果不指明到达的地点就不能用get，而要用arrive了。如：When I arrived，they werent there. （当我到达时，他们不在那儿。）1 They will _ in Chengdu next week.2 How do you _ to school every day?3 Use a longer stick, then you can _ the apples.9. .thanks to   thanks for. thanks for = thank you for “为谢”强调谢的原因。如：Thanks for lending me your umbrella.谢谢你借给我雨伞。Thank you for your dictionary. 谢谢你的字典。. thanks to “多亏了”；“由于的帮助”相当于because of 或 with the help of , 在此短语中，to是一个介词，后接名词或代词。如：Thanks to the doctor, I am well again. 多亏这位医生，我身体又康复了。Thanks to our teachers, we all passed the exam.多亏了老师的帮助，我们都及格了。Thanks to your help, I finish the work on time. 多亏了你的帮助，我才能按时完成工作1 _ your help, Ive understand it.2 _ the cats, mice dare not come and eat my food.10. .give in    give upgive up 与give in 都有“放弃，让步”之意，但give up 指行为者碰到某种困难或原因而自己主动放弃；give in指行为者屈于某种压力而被迫按别人的要求去做，侧重于屈服。give up可作vt., 后接名词或动名词作宾语；而give in只作vi. ,后不接宾语。1 We shouldnt _ learning English!2 I would rather die than _ before my enemies.11. .achieve     come trueachieve：实现成绩、目标，主语是人。realize：实现，意识到，多指意识到某种道理、规律什么的，主语是人。come true：实现，多指梦想、蓝图、计划，主语是梦想蓝图计划什么的。1 He works so hard that he is sure to_ his dream.2 His prediction of humans flying to the moon _.12. turn off   close    turn on   open“open”和“turn on”在汉语中都是“开”的意思，但其含义和用法是不同的。“open”是指将原来关上或合上的东西打开，如open the door/window/；“turn on”而则指转动或推上开关等打开，如turn on the TV/light/；“close”和“turn off”在意思和动作上正好与“open”和“turn on”相反，都是“关”的意思，其用法与“open”和“turn on”相同，如close the basket , turn off the Walkman turn down意为“（把收音机的音量、灯等）关小、调低”，其反义词组为turn up。1 _ the windows please, its so cold outside.2 _ the lights before you leave the room.3 The dog _ the box and took the bone out!4 _ the TV, I want to watch the NBA basketball games.13. break off   break out    break into   break downbreak up:vt.开垦(破碎,破坏,解散,结束,衰弱)break down:vt.打破(减轻,坍塌,彻底失败,精神不支,中止,把分解)break in:vt.闯入(打断,使习惯于,使驯服,训练成为)break out:爆发break into:闯入break through:vt.突破break off ：v.中断,折断,突然停止,脱落,暂停,断绝,解除1 He was late for school yesterday, because his car _ on the half way.2 The World War _ when she was only five.3 They _ their friendship and didnt talk to each other any more.4 Last night a thief _ my house and took away my TV.14. solve reply  answersolve 解决（问题）及物动词   常与problem 连用reply 回复，答复 不及物动词  常与to连用answer 回答   及物动词   常与question 连用1 What did Mr Smith _ to what others said?2 No one in our class can _ this question.3 Its too difficult for everyone to _ that problem.15.hope     wishhope 希望 指较为现实的想法 常有hope to do 或hope + 从句，但没有hope sb to dowish 希望 指不太现实的要求或想法 有wish to do 或 wish sb to do。也有wish+从句，但这时的从句多用虚拟语气，及从句中常有could 或 should等1 The weather may be fine tomorrow.- I _ so.2 Mum _ me to be a doctor in the future.3 How I _ I could fly to the moon!16.take  cost  spend  paytake 花费 尤指花费时间,主语为物  常有it takes sb some time to do sthcost 花费 指花金钱 ，主语为物    常有cost sb some moneyspend 花费  主语为人 常有spend doing 或spendon sthpay 花费  主语为人  常有payfor1 It often _ about 3 hours to get to school from my home.2 Who will _ for the bill?- Maybe our boss.3 The house _ him 30,000 dollars.4 His cousin _ the whole day making the toy car yesterday.17.take part in    jointake part in 参加某项活动join 参加某个组织、团体、俱乐部、军队、党团或个人1 Mr Wang _ the Party 5 years ago.2 They invited Lily _ that party.18.do with    deal withdo with 处理，应付  在问句中要与what 连用deal with 处理，对付 在问句中要与how连用1 How can you _  that problem?2 What do you _ the event?19. put on   wear  dressWear:多表示状态，强调“穿着”，其宾语为衣帽等服饰Put on :做“穿”讲时，强调穿的动作，多翻译为“穿上，戴上”Dress可表示“穿着某种颜色或服饰的衣服”，其后加介词in，不可加具体的服饰。1 _ the warm clothes, its cold outside.2 Mary is always _ red clothes . Maybe red is her favorite color.3 The little boy could _ himself when he was three years old.20. win   lose   beatWin,beat,lose,fail区别1.Win,beat都有赢击败的意思，但是win的宾语一般是比赛或是比赛项目，而beat的宾语一般是人或比赛的队伍2.lose ，fail都有失败的意思lose的用法是lose the match .lose to sb.而fail 常用在sb. Fail the match 中beat 打，抽打；defeat 挫败；win 胜利；lose 失败1 Our team has _ the football match, we are all happy. But they are frustrated, because theirs _ the match.2 The Brazilian football team _ us 5-0 in that match, all the Chinese fans were very sad.21. be made in   be made of   be made from   be made up of(1)be made of是制成的.介词of所指的原材料往往是未经变化、仍可看得出材料的原样.This kite is made of paper .这个风筝是纸做的.The old bridge is made of stone .那座古桥是用石头造的.This kind of glass is made of paper .这种杯子是纸制的.(2)be made from由制成的.介词from所指的原材料往往是经过变化、已看不出原来的材料.Salt is made from seawater .盐是用海水制成的.Bread is made from wheat .面包是小麦制成的.This kind of drink is made from apple .这种饮料是由苹果酿成的.(3)be made in在制造.介词in后所要求的是地点.This bike is made in Shanghai .这辆自行车是上海制造的.This kind of car is made in this factory .这种汽车是这个工厂生产的.(4)be made by由某人做的.This machine was made by Uncle Wang .这台机器是王叔叔造的.(5)be made into被制成.介词into后所要求的是产品.These things will be made into paper .这些东西将被制成纸.Glass can be made into many kind of things .玻璃可以被制成许多种东西.(6)be made up of由组成.介词of后所要求的是构成主语的人或物.1 The desk _ wood.2 This kind of watch _ Shanghai.3 Our class _ 50 students.4 Paper _ bamboo.22. have been to   have been in   have gone tohave been in, have been to, have gone to 这三个短语都有“到某地去”的意思,但涵义和用法各不相同.Have been in强调“过去曾去过”之意,表示经验；have been to的意思是“过去到过而现在已返回”,它强调“最近的经历”；have gone to表示“动作的完成”,强调人已离开说话的地方.通过下列句子的对比,可以分清它们各自不同的涵义：They have been in Chicago（1） They have been to Chicago（2） They have gone to Chicago（3） （1）句的意思是“他们曾去过芝加哥”,此语强调过去的经历,但没有说明现在是否已回来.言外之意,他们到过芝加哥,他们知道芝加哥在何处,该城市有多大,人口有多少等等.（2）句的意思是“他们曾到过芝加哥,现在已回来了”.此语强调的是往返的经历.（3）句的意思是“他们已到芝加哥去了”,此语的言外之意是“也许他们已经到达,也许现在还在途中”,它强调“去”的动作已经完成,所以人已不在说话的地点.1 They _ Italy for more than 7 years, so Italy is their second home.2 This person cant be Yao Ming, for Yao _ America.3 How many times _ Hainan?- Only 3 times.too much / much too 小窍门too much -就看muchmuch too -就看too 前面的不要管它.归根结底是much和too的区别*(too) much 1相当于形容词,意为“more than enough”,用在不可数名词前面作定语或在系动词后面作表语.如：Americans eat too much meat in my opinion依我看,美国人吃的肉太多.I drank too much cola last night昨天晚上我可乐喝得太多了.The work is too much for her这工作她干不了.She's afraid the trip will be too much for me她怕我受不了旅途的劳累.2相当于名词,在句子中作主语或宾语.如：Too much was happening all at once同时发生的事情太多了.You have given me too much你给我的太多了.3相当于副词,在句子中作状语.如：You work too much你工作干得太多了.She talks too much她话说得太多了.*(much) too much too的用法比较简单,只用作副词作状语,但它不单独使用,在句子中要修饰形容词或副词,但不修饰动词.如：You are much too kind to me你对我实在太好了.It's much too cold天气实在太冷了.You are driving much too fast你开车太快了.1.The computer is _ expensive.2.Stop, Peter. You talked _.3.Ive got _ work to do.4.Father, have a rest. Youve _ tired today.5.Hurry up! You have wasted _ time.24. holiday/ vacation 1. holiday 和 vacation 都可表示“假期”，前者主要用于英国英语中，后者主要用于美国英语中。如：He took (a) ten days holiday vacation. 他请假 10 天。The boys are going to Beijing during the summer holidays vacation. 男孩子们打算暑假去北京。但是，无论在英国英语中还是美国英语中，表示因宗教节日或国家喜庆日而设立的法定“假日”都用 holiday。如：Friday is a holiday in Muslim countries. 在穆斯林国家星期五是假日。New Years Day is a holiday for everyone. 元旦是所有人的节(假)日。另外，无论在英国英语还是在美国英语中，大学的假期，都用vacation。如：The library is closed during the college vacation. 大学放假期间图书馆不开放。两者都可与介词 on 连用构成习语。如：He is on holiday vacation. 他在度假。She has gone to Paris on holiday vacation. 她去巴黎度假了。该习语通常不用冠词，但有时可用物主代词。如：Were touring Italy on our holiday vacation. 我们正在意大利观光度假。注：three holidays 是“三个假期”,不是“三天假期”。表示后者可以用：a holiday of three days / three days holiday / a three-day holiday。2. leave 表示“休假”、“假期”(不可数)，主要指雇员因有某种理由而获准的休假。如：Hes taken unpaid leave for a month. 他请了一个月的停薪假。She has been given sick (compassionate, maternity) leave. 她获准休病假(事假，产假)。leave 还通常指军队、政府、机关等的休假。His annual leave is thirty working days. 他每年的休假是 30 个工作日。He gets home leave every two years. 他每两年有一次探亲假。注意以下常用习语或有用搭配：sick leave 病假on leave 休假leave of absence 请假ask for leave 请假take four monthsleave 请 4 个月的假1.Christmas is a _ for everybody.2.The children will take their summer _ in half a month.3.My father is on _.25. close/ shut off/ turn offturn off 关(自来水、电灯、收音机等) Please turn off the light.请把灯关了.shut off 切断,中断（供水、供气） The electricity shuts off at midnight.半夜电停了 shut off the hot water by closing a valve.关上阀门从而阻断了热水close和shut这两个词的共同意思是“关闭”。其细微区别在于:1.close指把门等关到让人不能出入的程度,只表示关上; 而shut指关严并紧紧闩住,强调与外界隔绝。例如:He did not close the door when he left the room.他离开房间时没有关门。Shut the door so that the cat won't get out.把门关严,别让猫跑出去。The store closes at 9 p.m. every day.这家商店晚9点关门。The police shut the murderer up in a cell.警方把杀人犯关进牢房。2.表示“暂不开放”用close,表示“永不开放”用shut。例如:The swimming pool has closed for the winter.游泳场冬天不开放。The hotel is shut.这家旅馆不再开业了。turn off关掉，关闭；拐弯，使转变方向shut down停工，停产，关闭它们都有“关闭”的意思，但是turn off一般是指关闭电器、仪器shut down是指“关闭”公司、工厂1. Youd better _the motor. It is making too much noise.2.All the shops are _ now.3.She didnt _ the door and entered the house.4.He _ the lights before he left the lab.5._ the television, please.26. instead/ instead of/ withoutwithout wiT5aut prep.没有,不,(表条件)如果没有,要没有adv.在外,在屋外, 后通常跟的是单词instead of adv.代替,而不是.,而instead of 后通常跟动词短语 或句子一. instead意为“代替”“替代”,作副词用,通常位于句尾.如位于句首时常用逗号与后面阁开.instead 在顺接句子中作“代替”讲,而在转折（或逆转）句子中作“然而”讲.例如：1.Lily isn't here.Ask Lucy instead.Lily不在这儿,去问Lucy吧.注意当instead在祈使句中时,只能位于句末.2.she didn't answer me,instead,she asked me another question.她没有回答我,反而问了我另外一个问题.二.instead of是介宾短语,其意与instead相同,不同之处在于它后面常接宾语,起宾语多由名词、代词、介词、短语、动词 + ing 形式充当.例如：1.We'll ask Li Mei instead of Mary.我们将去问李梅而不问玛丽.2.I'll go instead of her.我会替她去.三.instead 与instead of的转换.例如:1.He didn't answer me,instead,he asked me anotherquestion He asked me another question instead of answering me.2.I'll of instead of her.She won't go.I'll go instead1.I dont like this one; please give me that_.2.He stayed at home studying English _ going to the cinema.3.Tom passed by me _ saying hello to me.4.He went to school by bike _ by car.5.If Harry is not well enough