专升本英语-状语从句ppt课件.pptx

状语从句状语从句定义定义状语时用来修饰状语时用来修饰 动词动词，形容词形容词，副词副词或或句子句子 的一种句子成分。它可以表示时间、地的一种句子成分。它可以表示时间、地点、点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式等。等。当充当状语的部分是一个句子时，也就是状语当充当状语的部分是一个句子时，也就是状语从句。从句。时间状语从句时间状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句目的状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句状语从句状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句方式状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句01时间状语从句时间状语从句whenwhen的用法小结：的用法小结：1.1. whenwhen引导的时间状语从句的引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词谓语动词可以是可以是可延续性动词可延续性动词， 也可以是表短暂性动作的动词也可以是表短暂性动作的动词( (非延续性非延续性) )。 意为：当意为：当的时候的时候 When I When I livedlived there, I used to go to the seashore. there, I used to go to the seashore. When the film When the film endedended, the people went back., the people went back.时间状语从句2. when2. when可用作并列连词，其意义为可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时那时，这时”，相当，相当于于at this/that timeat this/that time。常用于下列。常用于下列句式句式：( (刚要刚要这时突然这时突然) ) sb. was doing somethingsb. was doing something was about to do was about to do sthsth + + whenwhen was on the point of doing was on the point of doing sthsth. . had just done had just done sthsth I I waswas walkingwalking along the street along the street whenwhen I met him. I met him.I I was about to fall asleep when was about to fall asleep when my sister came inmy sister came in时间状语从句3. when3. when 还有一些较为灵活的翻译：还有一些较为灵活的翻译： 尽管；虽然；鉴于；如果；届时尽管；虽然；鉴于；如果；届时 Why do you walk Why do you walk whenwhen you have a car? you have a car? HeHe walkswalks whenwhen hehe mightmight taketake a a taxi.taxi. MaryMary willwill visitvisit thisthis citycity inin June,June, whenwhen sheshe willwill openopen a a newnew hospital.hospital.时间状语从句whilewhile用法小结：用法小结：1.1. whilewhile引导的引导的动作动作必须是必须是持续性的持续性的或或进行中的进行中的，在在期间，往期间，往往指一段时间往指一段时间WhileWhile we were we were talkingtalking, he came in., he came in.Please dont talk so loud Please dont talk so loud whilewhile others are others are workingworking. .2.2. whilewhile作为并列连词，意为作为并列连词，意为“而，却而，却”，侧重主句动作和从句动侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。作相对比。We are cleaning the classroom We are cleaning the classroom whilewhile they are playing the they are playing the football.football.时间状语从句while while 的不同含义：的不同含义：While I While I was walking downwas walking down the street, I came across the street, I came across an old friend. an old friend. He likes pop music, He likes pop music, whilewhile I am fond of folk music. I am fond of folk music. WhileWhile I really dont like art, I find his work I really dont like art, I find his work impressive. impressive. WhileWhile there is life there is hope. there is life there is hope. while = whenwhenwhile = butbutwhile = althoughalthoughwhile = asas longlong asas时间状语从句as as 用法：用法：1.1. asas引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句, , 可以表达可以表达“正当正当”， “ “一一 边边一边一边”，“随着随着”等意思。等意思。 AsAs the sun rose, the fog disappeared. the sun rose, the fog disappeared.2.2. asas表示“随着”，常指一个行为是另一个行为的结果，或一种状态随另一种状态变化。句中的动词多表示状态的发展变化。 AsAs she she grew grew older, she older, she becamebecame more beautiful. more beautiful.时间状语从句when,when, while,while, asas 用法区别用法区别1.1. whilewhile引导的时间状语引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的， 而而whenwhen引导的时间状语引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也可以是从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词表短暂性动作的动词。When/While When/While he was he was eatingeating his breakfast, he heard the his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring.doorbell ring.WhenWhen I I stoppedstopped my car, a man came up to me. my car, a man came up to me.时间状语从句2.2. 表示表示“随着随着”，连词用连词用asas，不用，不用whenwhen或或whilewhile。AsAs the day went on, the weather got worse. the day went on, the weather got worse.3.3. 如果如果主句主句表示的是表示的是短暂动作短暂动作，而，而从句从句用用延续性动作的进行延续性动作的进行时态时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when, whilewhen, while与与as as 可互换使用可互换使用。When/While/As I When/While/As I was walking was walking down the street, I down the street, I came came across across an old friend of mine.an old friend of mine.时间状语从句4.4. 从句动作发生在主句动作之前从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，时，只能用只能用whenwhen引导这引导这个从句，不可用个从句，不可用asas或或whilewhile。WhenWhen you have finished your work, you may have a you have finished your work, you may have a rest.rest.WhenWhen the children had gone to bed, she began to the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.prepare her lessons.时间状语从句beforebefore引导的时间状语从句，常译为引导的时间状语从句，常译为“在在之前之前”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。 We clean the classroom We clean the classroom beforebefore we leave school every we leave school every day. day. 句型句型 It will be/wasIt will be/was一段时间一段时间beforebefore“还要过多久还要过多久才才” ” 句型句型 It will be/was notIt will be/was not一段时间一段时间beforebefore“不多久不多久就就”It will beIt will be two years two years beforebefore he leaves the he leaves the country.country.It wasnt It wasnt two years two years beforebefore he left the he left the country.country.时间状语从句sincesince引导的时间状语从句，常译为引导的时间状语从句，常译为“自从自从”，主句主句常用常用现在完成时现在完成时，从句从句常用常用一般过去时一般过去时。 We havent seen each other We havent seen each other sincesince we parted. we parted. 常用句型：常用句型：It is/ItIt is/It has been + has been + 时间段时间段 + since+ since从句从句 “ “自从自从有多长时间了有多长时间了 ” ”ItIt is/It has beenis/It has been six years since she graduated six years since she graduated from the university. from the university. 翻译：他不吸烟有五年时间了。翻译：他不吸烟有五年时间了。时间状语从句till,till, untiluntil 和和 notuntilnotuntil 的用法的用法1.1. until/tilluntil/till引导时间状语从句用于引导时间状语从句用于肯定句肯定句时，时，主句的动词是延主句的动词是延续性动词续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到，表示动作或状态一直持续到 until/tilluntil/till所表示的所表示的时间，意为时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。 We waited We waited till/untiltill/until he came. he came. 2.2. 用于用于否定句否定句时，时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，从句为肯定，意为意为“某动作直到某时间才开始某动作直到某时间才开始” He wont go to bed He wont go to bed till/until till/until she returns.she returns.时间状语从句3 3tilltill不可以置于句首，而不可以置于句首，而untiluntil可以可以。 Until you told me I had no idea of it.Until you told me I had no idea of it.4 4notuntilnotuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法：句型中的强调和倒装说法： 强调句强调句: :It was not until It was not until you told me you told me thatthat I had any I had any idea of it.idea of it. 倒装句倒装句(notuntil(notuntil放句首时，主句要倒装）：放句首时，主句要倒装）： Not until Not until you told me you told me did I havedid I have any idea of it. any idea of it.时间状语从句名词短语名词短语引导的时间状语从句：引导的时间状语从句：the moment, the minute, the instant, the time, the the moment, the minute, the instant, the time, the hour, the hour, the day, by the time, each time, every time, next time, day, by the time, each time, every time, next time, any timeany time等也可以引导时间状语从句。等也可以引导时间状语从句。TomTom ranran awayaway thethe momentmoment hehe sawsaw hishis fatherfather comingcoming along.along.EveryEvery timetime hehe came,came, hehe wouldwould bringbring usus a a lotlot ofof flowers.flowers.时间状语从句no sooner than, hardly/ scarcely/ no sooner than, hardly/ scarcely/ barelywhenbarelywhen引导引导时间状语从句，时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。当当no sooner, hardly/ scarcely/ barelyno sooner, hardly/ scarcely/ barely位于句首时，主句位于句首时，主句要要用部分倒装用部分倒装。I I hadhad nono soonersooner reachedreached homehome thanthan itit beganbegan toto rain.rain.NoNo soonersooner hadhad I I reachedreached homehome thanthan itit beganbegan toto rain.rain.时间状语从句1. I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice _ I picked up the phone. A. while B. after C. in case D. the minute2. How long do you think it will take _ our product becomes popular with the consumers? A. when B. until C. before D. sinceD DC C时间状语从句3. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. As D. While4. It will be a long time Peter his work. A. since; has finishedB. after; finishes C. when; will finishD. before; finishesC CD D时间状语从句5. We were just calling you up you came in.A. about; whenB. on the point of; while C. on the point of; whenD. on the point of; as6. Babies sleep 16 to 18 hours in every 24 hours, and they sleep less they grow older.A. while B. asC. whenD. afterC CB B02地点状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句用连接副词地点状语从句用连接副词 wherewhere，wherever (wherever (在任何地方在任何地方) )，everywhereeverywhere（在每个地方）（在每个地方） 引导。引导。WeWe mustmust campcamp wherewhere wewe cancan getget water.water.YouYou cancan sitsit whereverwherever youyou like.like.SheShe followsfollows meme everywhereeverywhere I I go.go.03原因状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态所发生的原因。原因状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态所发生的原因。引导这种从句常用的连接词是：引导这种从句常用的连接词是：because, as, since, because, as, since, now that, for,now that, for, 和和 considering that(considering that(顾及到顾及到), seeing ), seeing that (that (由于由于) )这七个连词都用于表示表示原因这七个连词都用于表示表示原因, , 但但在语气上一个比一个在语气上一个比一个弱。弱。原因状语从句because, since, as, forbecause, since, as, for的区别的区别: :1.1. becausebecause - - 直接原因，非推断，语气最强，回答直接原因，非推断，语气最强，回答whywhy的问题。的问题。 Why Why diddid youyou gogo homehome early?early? BecauseBecause I I waswas tired.tired.2.2. asas和和since since 通常放句首，一般用来表示明显的、已知的通常放句首，一般用来表示明显的、已知的原因，译为原因，译为“因为因为；既然既然; ”。AsAs hehe hashas nono car,car, hehe cantcant getget therethere easily.easily.SinceSince wewe havehave nono money,money, wewe cantcant buybuy it.it.原因状语从句because, since, as, forbecause, since, as, for的区别的区别: :3.3. for for 放句中，补充说明，常用于推断放句中，补充说明，常用于推断。I I decideddecided toto stopstop andand havehave lunch,lunch, forfor I I waswas feelingfeeling quitequite hungry.hungry.原因状语从句1. I danced in front of the people _ I 1. I danced in front of the people _ I liked it.liked it.2. _ he was not well, I decided to go 2. _ he was not well, I decided to go without him.without him.3. _ everybody know about it, I dont 3. _ everybody know about it, I dont want to want to talk any more. talk any more.4. He must be ill, _ he is absent today.4. He must be ill, _ he is absent today.becausebecauseAs/SincAs/Since eAs/SincAs/Since eforfor04目的状语从句目的状语从句soso thatthat既可以引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。既可以引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。 引导目的状语从句时，一般用于主句后，有时可分开，引导目的状语从句时，一般用于主句后，有时可分开，so so 有时可省略有时可省略; ; 从句中从句中要有情态动词要有情态动词 引导结果状语从句时，引导结果状语从句时，句中无情态动词句中无情态动词区分：区分：SpeakSpeak clearlyclearly soso thatthat theythey maymay understandunderstand you.you. HeHe gotgot onon thethe traintrain latelate soso thatthat hehe foundfound allall thethe seatsseats occupied.occupied.目的状语从句inin orderorder thatthat: : 用于正式文体中，从句可位于主句前或用于正式文体中，从句可位于主句前或后。后。和和inin orderorder toto 的区别：的区别：in order toin order to后面接后面接动词动词，是简单句。，是简单句。in order thatin order that后面加的是状语从句。后面加的是状语从句。HeHe camecame backback earlyearly inin orderorder thatthat hehe couldcould attendattend thethe meeting.meeting.In order to ensure In order to ensure success we must have a complete success we must have a complete plan. plan. 目的状语从句1. I think that you had better get up earlier _ you can get to class on time. A. in order B. so that C. such that D. that2. _ understand how the human body works, you need to have some knowledge of chemistry.A. In order to B. So as to C. In order that D. So that3. I wrote it down _ I forget.A. in case of B. in case C. as if D. in order thatB BA AB B05结果状语从句结果状语从句1.1. so thatso that ( (如此如此以至于以至于)， so so 后面应用形容词后面应用形容词或副词或副词, , 有时省略有时省略soso只用只用thatthatMikeMike isis soso honesthonest a a manman thatthat wewe allall believebelieve him.him.2.2. suchthat (suchthat (如此如此以至于以至于),), 用法与用法与sothatsothat相相同，但同，但suchsuch后面应修饰名词后面应修饰名词。P.169P.169 so,so, suchsuch结构结构HeHe mademade suchsuch anan inspiringinspiring speechspeech thatthat everybodyeverybody gotgot soso excited.excited.结果状语从句soso thatthat（结果是，以致），引导结果状语从句时，（结果是，以致），引导结果状语从句时，句中无句中无情态动词情态动词HeHe spokespoke clearly,clearly, soso thatthat everybodyeverybody understoodunderstood him.him.结果状语从句1. The teacher told us funny story we all laughed.A. such a; that B. such, that C. so a, that D. so, that2. Our PE teacher walks _ we cant catch up with him.A. so quick thatB. too quickly thatC. so quickly thatD. too quickly that3. The workers work hard they dont have a day off even on the weekend. A. too; that B. such; that C. so; that D. as; thatA AC CC C06条件状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态是在什么情况条件状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态是在什么情况或条件下发生的。或条件下发生的。条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。条件状语从句由从属连词引导：条件状语从句由从属连词引导：if, unless (if, unless (除非除非), as ), as / so long as (/ so long as (只要只要), on condition (), on condition (只要只要), once ), once ( ( 一旦一旦), in case (), in case (假使假使) , providing / provided ) , providing / provided (that) (that) 等。等。条件状语从句UnlessUnless：如果不：如果不, , 除非除非 = = if notif notWe cant get there on time unless We cant get there on time unless we book the we book the earliest flightearliest flight. .= We cannot get there on time = We cannot get there on time if we dont book if we dont book the earliest flight.the earliest flight.条件状语从句provided thatprovided that： 如果如果，有时省略有时省略 thatthat1.1. The plane will be in good condition The plane will be in good condition provided provided (that) (that) it is taken care of carefully.it is taken care of carefully.2.2. You can become a scientist You can become a scientist provided (that) provided (that) you you are in good shape and you have got the proper are in good shape and you have got the proper education.education.条件状语从句on condition thaton condition that：条件是：条件是1.1. He said that he would come to the meeting He said that he would come to the meeting on on condition thatcondition that no one asked him to speakno one asked him to speak. .2.2. The mother promised to the son to buy him a toy The mother promised to the son to buy him a toy airplane airplane on condition that on condition that he passes his he passes his English testEnglish test. .条件状语从句条件句的时态，常见的有一下两种情况：条件句的时态，常见的有一下两种情况：1.1.主将从现主将从现：书上：书上P4P4 WhenWhen I I growgrow up,up, I I willwill bebe a a nursenurse andand looklook afterafter patients.patients. IfIf I I havehave time,time, I I willwill gogo toto thethe moviesmovies withwith him.him.2.2. 如果主句是如果主句是祈使句祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。（主祈从现主祈从现） IfIf youyou wantwant toto havehave a a talk,talk, callcall meme up.up.条件状语从句1. We will be able to get there on time, _ our car doesnt break down on the road. A. as soon as B. as far as C. as long as D. as well as2. In time of serious accidents, _ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives. A. whether B. until C. if D. unless3. _ you have tried it, you cant imagine how pleasant it is. A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. WhenA AC CC C条件状语从句4. If you _ to the party, youll have a great time. A. will go B. went C. go D. going5. If Wang Fang _me, _me at once. A. need; tellB. needs; tellingC. need; tellingD. needs; tell6. I _ her the answer if she _me. A. can tell; will askB. will tell; will ask C. would tell; askD. will tell; asksD DC CD D