外语教学法自考模拟题及答案.docx
外语教学法自考题模拟 .Multipe Choice1、 In 1957, Noam Chomsky's book Syntactic Structures was published which started the _. A. American structuralism B. transformational generative linguistics C. functional linguistics D. cognitive psychology2、 Which one of the following activities is included in the acquisition activities in the Natural Approach? A. Affective-humanistic activities. B. Communicative activities. C. Skill-getting activities. D. Social activities.3、 According to M.A.K. Halliday, which of the following should NOT be taken into consideration in terms of linguistic events? A. Form. B. Context. C. Substance. D. Culture.4、 According to the records available, human beings have been engaged in the study of language for _centuries. A. 10 B. 15 C. 20 D. 255、 Krashen identifies three kinds of affective variables related to second language acquisition: _. A. motivation, self-confidence and anxiety B. comprehension, acquisition and anxiety C. input, competence and self-confidence D. situation, motivation and self-confidence6、 The Grammar-Translation Method was at one time called _ since it was first used in the teaching of the classical languages of Latin and Greek. A. aural-oral method B. minimum method C. Audiolingual Method D. Classical Method7、 It became a key feature of the Oral Approach in the 1960s that _. A. new language points are introduced and practised in situations B. accuracy is maintained C. reading and writing are introduced later D. translation should be avoided8、 The discourse theory was established by _ in the late 1970s and developed from M. A. K. Halliday's theory of first language acquisition. A. E. Hatch B. M.A.K. Halliday C. Stephen Krashen D. Joseph H. Greenberg9、 The generative-transformational school of linguistics emerged through the influence of_. A. Noam Chomsky B. . Piaget C. . Ausubel D. . Bruner10、 Which of the following do Krashen and Terrell NOT emphasize? A. Communication. B. Vocabulary. C. Meaning. D. Grammar.11、 The 1920s saw the emergence of a new psychological school called _ founded by a group of psychologists. A. cognitive psychology B. behaviourist psychology C. psychoanalysis D. Gestalt psychology12、 Chomsky holds the position that linguists should study the _ of the native speaker. A. linguistic performance B. linguistic competence C. communicative performance D. communicative competence13、 According to the Audiolingual Method, _ is not a crucial element for learning to happen. A. a stimulus B. reinforcement C. a response D. a hypothesis14、 Which of the following is forbidden in a Direct Method classroom? A. Using gestures. B. Sketch drawing. C. The first language. D. Writing.15、 _ of second language acquisition was developed from the Halliday's theory of first language acquisition. A. Habit formation theory B. Discourse theory C. Monitor theory D. Cognitive theory.Filling Blanks16、 The Natural Approach considers _ as the most important element of any language teaching program.17、 The _ Approach emphasizes on dictation, imitation and controlled oral-based reading and writing tasks.18、 The_Method aims to enable the learners to read and translate its literature.19、 Traditional linguistics was _ in nature.20、 According to the_ approach, language learning in real life differs from language learning in the classroom.21、 For Candlin, the meaning _ involved in making choices and decisions lies at the heart of the language learning process.22、 The _ Approach emphasizes on oral skills: use of only the target language in the classroom.23、 In the _ Approach, class time is devoted primarily to providing input for acquisition; the teacher speaks only the target language, students may use either L1, or L2; errors are corrected.24、 In the _Approach, the teacher creates speeches which enable students to interact using the target language. Students are not forced to respond in the target language immediately.25、 The Total Physical Response method sees successful adult second language learning as a process paralleled to children's first language _.26、 In practice the Cognitive Approach involves more active use of the students' mental power, which is especially suitable for _language learners.27、 The Cognitive Approach lays emphasis on the _ acquisition of language as a meaningful system.28、 The Grammar-Translation Method believes that grammar is the _ of language, and language materials are arranged according to the grammar system.29、 The _ Method at one time was called Classical Method since it was first used in the teaching of the classical language of Latin and Greek.30、 Palmer insisted there was a basic difference between the _ capacities of human beings and the trained or " studial" capacities of the classroom learner.Matching _ language acquisition device (LAD. 2) _ stimulus and response 3) _ the discourse theory 4) _ acquisition and learning 5) _ the input hypothesis a) The former refers to the subconscious process leading to the development of "competence" the latter refers to conscious study and knowledge of grammatical rules. b) A sort of mechanism or device which contains the capacity to acquire one' s first language. c) It assumes that humans acquire language in only one way-by understanding messages, or by receiving "comprehensible input". d) It believes there is little difference between the first language acquisition process and the process of second language acquisition-only through communication discourses. e) The former serves to elicit behaviour; the latter is triggered by the former.Questions for Brief Answers36、 What is the attitude of the Cognitive Approach towards mistakes in the language learning process?37、 What are the principles and consequences of the Reform Movement?38、 How does the cognitive psychology explain the acquisition of knowledge?39、 What are the main disadvantages of the Cognitive Approach?40、 What is Chomsky's explanation of the first language process?41、 What are the principles and consequences of the Reform Movement?.Questions for Long Answers42、 Are there any similarities and differences between the Oral Approach and the Audiolingual Method in terms of language theories and learning theories?43、 Discuss in your own words any five characteristics of the Audiolinguai Method.答案:.Multipe Choice1、B解析 1957年乔姆斯基出版了他的专著句法结构。这本书在语言学界掀起了一场革命，还产生了一个新的学派转换生成语言学。2、A解析 语言习得活动分为四类：情感人文活动(Affective-humanistic activities)、解决问题活动(Problem-solving activities)、游戏活动(Games)和内容活动(Content activities)。3、D解析 韩礼德认为linguistic events应该从三个层面进行研究：substance, form and context，因此排除D。 4、D解析 我们不知道人们从什么时候开始对他们正在使用的语言感兴趣，但根据现存的资料，我们确信人们开始研究语言至少2500多年了，即25个世纪。故选D。 5、A解析 克拉申在其提出的情感过滤器假设(Affective filter hypothesis)中确定了三种可变的情感因素与第二语言的习得有关，包括动机(motivation)、自信(self-confidence)、忧虑(anxiety)。这三种情感因素影响了语言的学习速度。6、D解析 语法翻译法是指以翻译和语法学习为主要教学活动的外语或第二语言教学法。由于这种教学法首先被用来进行拉丁语和希腊语等古典语言的教学，它曾一度被称为古典法(Classical Method)。7、A解析 口语法指出应该在情境中介绍和练习新的语言点，即单词应放到句子中讲解，句子应放在有意义的上下文中去练习，而不是被当成孤立的、互不相关的成分来教。这条原则在20世纪60年代成了口语法的最重要的特征。8、A解析 话语交际说(Discourse theory)是由韩礼德的第一语言习得理论发展而来的，由哈奇(Hatch)于20世纪70年代后期提出。韩礼德认为，第一语言习得的过程实际上就是学会用语言进行交际的过程，哈奇赞同他的母语习得观，认为第二语言习得的过程与第一语言的习得过程实际上没什么区别学生只有通过话语交际才能习得第二语言。选项B韩礼德是功能语言学派代表，提出话语篇章分析(Discourse Analysis)，并创建系统功能语法(Systemic-functional grammar)。选项C克拉申是自然法的奠基人，提出了自我监测模式(Monitor Model)。选项D格林伯格通过比较分析不同语言以确认语言中的共性，属于语言共性说中较有影响的一个。 9、A解析 1957年乔姆斯基出版了句法结构一书，这本书在语言学界掀起了一场革命，还产生了一个新的学派转换生成语言学(generative-transformational school of linguistics)。因此说转换生成语言学的出现受到了乔姆斯基的影响。 10、D解析 克拉中和特雷尔在自然法中认为，交际是语言的首要功能；强调了意义的重要作用；强调词汇的重要性，认为语言的基础是词汇；而语法仅具有次要的功能，它只是确定如何用词汇来表达意思。11、D解析 格式塔心理学产生于20世纪20年代，由德国心理学家韦特墨、考夫卡和勒文等人所创立。1890年由弗洛伊德提出精神分析的心理学理论，1913年美国心理学家华生发表了题为行为主义者眼中的心理学被认为是将行为主义正式引入心理学领域，直到20世纪60年代，行为主义开始从其支配地位走下坡路，其地位逐渐被一种新的认知心理学所取代，代表人物皮亚杰和乔姆斯基。 12、B 13、D解析 听说法的学习理论是行为主义心理学。行为主义心理学认为行为的产生依赖学习中的三个决定性因素：用来引起行为的刺激物(stimulus)；由刺激引发的反应(response)和表明反应是否适当并在未来促使反应重复(或抑制)的强化(reinforcement)。学习是刺激、反应和强化的过程。14、C解析 直接法课堂教学中只用外语来授课和进行交流，完全避免使用母语。15、B解析 话语交际说是由韩礼德的第一语言习得理论发展而来的，由哈奇于20世纪70年代后期提出。.Filling Blanks16、 input解析 自然法认为语言输入是任何一种语言教学程序中最重要的部分。17、Oral解析 口语法的教学技巧主要有：(1) 用情景介绍新句型(new sentence patterns presented in situations)；(2) 操作练习(Drill-based practice)；(3) 指导下的复述和替代练习(Guided repetition and substitution activities)；(4) 听说、模仿和教师规定的以口语为基础的朗读和写作(Dictation, imitation and controlled oral-based reading and writing tasks)。 18、Grammar-Translation解析 语法翻译法课堂教学的最终目的是让学生能够阅读和翻译所学的文学作品。它总共有四个目的：(1) 能够阅读和翻译所学的文学作品；(2) 能够理解和掌握目标语；(3) 能够帮助学生发展智力；(4) 能够更好的理解第一语言。 19、practical解析 传统语言学派研究具有实用性，研究语言的目的是为了读懂古代的经典，因此对于他们来说书面语优于口语，口语是语言的滥用，并把单词作为研究的起点，研究语言规则是采用规定式的方法(Prescriptive approach)。 20、Oral解析 According to the Oral Approach，language learning in real life differs from language learning in the classroom.口语法奠基人帕默尔区分了自然环境中的语言学习和在教室里进行的语言学习，认为学生在课堂学到的能力使他能组织自己的学习，并利用已有的知识去完成手中任务。 21、negotiation解析 坎德林(Candlin)认为，交际语言学习是一种高度社会化的活动，在活动中学习者参与协商过程之中，学习者运用自己已掌握的知识，与其他人分享和优化知识，并学习课程所要求掌握的内容。这样的意义协商必然涉及作出选择和决定，这个协商过程就是语言学习的核心。22、Oral解析 口语法强调口语优先于书面语，课堂教学用目标语。23、Natural解析 自然法的课堂教学采取了一种独特的教学方法，有如下特征：(1)课堂时间应主要提供有助于习得的语言输入。(2)教师在课堂上只能讲目标语，学生则可以使用母语或目标语。(3)家庭作业包括正式的语法练习，错误也要被纠正。(4)语言活动可以包括某些语法结构的运用，但目的是使学生发表意见、完成任务和解决问题。24、Natural解析 语言输入丰富的课堂教学是自然法的一大优势，教师的主要任务是创造出大量的语言材料让学生接触，使学生开始用目标语进行交流，并开始语言习得的进程。教师提供给学生大量的语言输入时，并不迫使学生很快的用目标语做出反应。另一个优势是学生可以和自己水平差不多的学生进行有意义的交流。 25、 acquisition解析 全身反应法(Total Physical Response)认为，成年人学习第二语言与小孩习得母语的过程是一样的。全身反应法的提倡者阿舍认为，在母语习得中成年人对小孩说的话主要是以命令的形式出现的，而小孩在能说话之前主要是以身体动作来做出反应的，那么成年人在学第二语言时就应遵循小孩学母语的途径。26、adult解析 认知法在语言实践中强调外语学习要更积极地发挥学生的智力，这一点尤其符合成年人学习外语的情况。 27、conscious解析 认知法认为，语言是一个意义系统(meaningful system)，强调在理解的基础上有意识的学习语言(conscious acquisition)，其依据的理论基础是认知理论和转换生成语法理论。 28、core解析 语法翻译法强调讲授第二语言语法，语法被看作语言的核心，因此，是外语课堂教学的主要内容，学习语法的过程是训练智能的重要手段，教材内容是根据语法体系来安排的。29、Grammar-Translation解析 语法翻译法是指以翻译和语法(translation and grammar)学习为主要教学活动的外语或第二语言教学法，由于这种教学法首先被用来进行拉丁语和希腊语等古典语言的教学，它曾一度被称为古典法(Classical Method)。 30、spontaneous解析 Palmer insisted there Was a basic difference between the spontaneous capacities of human beings and the trained or "studial" capacities of the classroom learner. 帕尔默是口语法的奠基人，他坚持认为，人们自然的、无意识的习得语言(acquired language)的自发能力(spontaneous capacities)与学生通过训练或“学习”得到的能力(trained or "studial" capacities)之间有着根本的不同，他认为：自发能力在习得口语的过程中被得到充分发挥，而学得的能力则是培养读写能力所需要的。.Matching31、 乔姆斯基认为每一个儿童生来就具有语言习得机制(LAD：Language Acquisition Device)，不需要教他们语言，也不需要纠正其语言错误，只要让他们生活在语言环境之中，就能学会语言，并且在不知不觉中掌握其本族语的语言规则。32、 行为主义心理学试图解释外部事物(刺激物)是如何引起个体行为的变化(反应)。33、 话语交际说(Discourse theory)是由韩礼德的第一语言习得理论发展而来的，由哈奇(Hatch)于20世纪70年代后期提出。韩礼德认为，第一语言习得的过程实际上就是学会用语言进行交际的过程，哈奇赞同他的母语习得观，认为第二语言习得的过程与第一语言的习得过程实际上没什么区别学生只有通过话语交际才能习得第二语言。34、 自然法的提倡者克拉申的第二语言习得中自我监测模式(Monitor Model)区分了获得和使用第二语言和外语中的两个性质截然不同的过程，一个是“习得”(Acquisition)，另一个是“学习”(Learning)，习得是潜意识过程导致“语言能力”的发展和提高，而学习是有意识的学习语法规则。35、 自然法奠基人克拉申提出语言输入假设认为人们习得语言的唯一途径理解信息，即接受“可理解的输入”，它指的是习得者能够根据语言使用的环境和语言的形式理解所表达的话语。.Questions for Brief Answers36、The Cognitive Approach holds that mistakes are unavoidable in the creative use of language.Students should be led to learn and use the language by making hypothesis,testing the hypothesis and then making corrections.The teacher should analyze the mistakes to find the cause and do some remedial work accordingly. 37、The principles of the Reform Movement were the primacy of speech, the centrality of the connected text as the kernel of the teaching-learning process, and the absolute priority of an oral methodology in the classroom. The consequences were great. Many people took part in the Reform Movement. A lot of books were published. An applied linguistic approach to language teaching began to shape. 38、The term cognitive means knowledge and "cognitive" psychology can be defined as the study of people's ability to acquire, organize, remember and use knowledge to guide their behaviour.As for the acquisition of knowledge,cognitive psychology believes that there are two principal types of cognitive structures which are called schemas and concepts. Theschemas refer to sets of rules that define categories of behaviour and concepts are rules that describe properties of events and their relations with one another. Children acquire schemas and concepts by interacting with their environment with the help of two processes-assimilation and accommodation. 39、(1) Teachers find it difficult to select and prepare meaningful presentations. And students who are slow to comprehend do not work successfully with the method because learning depends a lot on analysis and understanding. (2) There are not yet complete and systematic practical activities and procedures for classroom use. 40、 Chomsky assumes that children are born with a language acquisition device (LAD). This LAD is made up of a set of general principles called universal grammar. Once the child is born, the particular language environment will trigger the LAD. Children's language acquisition process completes when the universal grammar is successfully transformed into the grammar of a particular language. 41、 The principles of the Reform Movement were the primacy of speech, the centrality of the connected text as the kernel of the teaching-learning process, and the absolute priority of an oral methodology in the classroom. The consequences were great. Many people took part in the Reform Movement. A lot of books were published. An applied linguistic approach to language teaching began to take shape. .Questions for Long Answers42、 In terms of language theories, there exist little differences between the Oral Approach and the Audiolingual Method. The two approaches have the following similarities: both hold
