小学英语语法讲练.docx

Lesson 1 日常用语1.Hello/Hi 的用法 Hello 的意思为“您好” 一般可作为熟人亲朋好友之间的打招呼用语,语气比较随便例如： Hello,Wu Yifan! Hello,Tom! Hello 也可以用以引起某人注意常用在打电话时或者在路上碰见熟人时,相当于中文中的“喂”有时也可用Hi 来代替hello 但前者显得更随便。2. Nice to meet you. 很高兴认识到你。表示两个人是第一次见面，以前不认识。Nice to see you. 很高兴认见到你。表示认识了之后，再次相见。 -Nice to meet you. -Nice to meet you too.3. Good morning/ afternoon/evening. 早上/下午/晚上好。 例如陈洁和艾米在早上遇见了会这样说-Good morning, Chen Jie. -Good morning, Amy.4. How are you? Fine, thank you. How are you? Very well,thanks. 你好吗？ 我很好，谢谢。 多用于熟人之间，亲戚朋友之间。5. How do you do? 你好！ 表示初次见面的礼貌用语。回答仍然是： How do you do? 你好！6.Goodbye. 再见。 有时可以说：Bye. / See you. 分别的时候要有礼貌说：Goodbye。 他人仍以Goodbye.回答。7. What's your name？ My name is .或者直接回答 I am / Im. 你的名字是什么? 我的名字是. /我是.8. I'm Sorry。英语常用口语句子，表示歉意、难过、惋惜、不安、或遗憾、内疚等，多数时候译为“对不起”、“我很抱歉”或“请原谅”。其非正式说法为Sorry。可以这样回答： It doesn't matter. 没关系。Never mind. 没关系。Not at all、That's all right、That's OK、It's nothing. 这几句都表示“没关系”，Forget it. 忘掉它。 I'm sorry I'm late. 对不起,我迟到了。 It doesn't matter. 没关系。I'm sorry I can't help you. 对不起,我不能帮你了。 Never mind. 没关系。9Thank you ./ Thanks.表达了对他人的感谢。可以这样回答：You are welcome. Its my pleasure. Not at all。10. Excuse me可以用于：当你打扰别人的时候，意思是：不好意思，打扰了。还可以用在寻求别人帮助的时候，用在句子开头。例如：Excuse me, whats the time, please?11. This is .可以用语介绍某人。例如：This is my friend Tom. 这是我的朋友Tom。 This is Mr Green.这是Green先生。12. OK. /Great./All right. /Thats OK./Yes. 可以表示赞成，好的。13.Sorry, I dont know. 对不起，我不知道。 I dont think so.我不这么认为。14.Can I help you? 我可以帮你吗？你需要什么？ May I have? 我需要.Lesson 2 你我他 人称代词和物主代词 1 人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前，宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。如：I help him. 2物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。一、 请填写并熟记表格：主格我你他她它我们你们他们I heweyou宾格我你他她它我们你们他们youheritthem形容词性物主代词我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的myhisitsourtheir名词性物主代词我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的yoursherstheirs二、用所给单词的适当形式填空1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I ) 2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I ) 4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 5. _ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _? ( you )  6. Here are many dolls, which one is _ ? ( she )  7. I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you )  8. Show _ your kite, OK? (they)  9. I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it )  10. Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they ) 11. Shall _ have a look at that classroom. That is classroom.(we)12. _ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _ a nurse. ( she ) 13. That is not _ camera. _is at home. ( he ) 14. Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _parents. ( they ) 15. Dont touch _. _ is not a cat, _ is a tiger! (it) 16. _ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she ) 17. _ dont know her name. Would you please tell _.(we)18. So many dogs. Lets count .(they) are lovely. (they)19. I have a lovely brother. _ is only 3. I like _ very much. ( he ) 20. May I sit beside _? ( you ) 21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _. ( it ） 22.The girl behind _ is our friend. (she )三、按要求写单词1. 翻译 I they we yours them hers 2.写出宾格 he they we she it you 3.写出名词性物主代词I you he she it we they 四意思不变，换一种写法。1. This is my book. 2. Thats our new classroom. 3. This is his pencil-box. 4.These are her crayons. 5. Those are their footballs. 6. This ruler is mine. 7. That chair is hers. 8.These robots are theirs. 9.Those apples are ours. 10. That toy bear is Amys. 11. These books are yours. Lesson3 重要的单词1beBe动词：1: am is are was were （ was是am is 的过去式，were 是are的过去式) 口诀：我用am，你用are, is 用在他她它，单数是is,复数全用are.2: be的肯定句和否定句 直接用am is are是肯定句，在am is are后面加not是否定句。期中is not=isnt are not=arent.肯：I am a boy. 否： I am not a boy.肯：He is in the living room. 否：He isnt in the living room.肯：My teacher is tall and strong.否：His brother isnt hard-working.肯：We are hungry. 否：We aren't hungry。3：一般疑问句 把am is are 提到句子最前面，其他照写，注意大小写和标点符号。 I am a Chinese.- Am I a Chinese? 肯回 Yes, you are. 否回 No, you arent. They are American.-Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent. The cat is fat. -Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. My friends are polite.Are your friends polite? Yes, they are. No,they arent.一、 用be 动词填空1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. I _ a girl.2. The girl_ Jack's sister. She _ tall. Her eyes _big.3. The dog _ tall and fat. Its tail _ short. Its legs _ strong. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. He _ strict. 5. _ your brother in the classroom? His books _ in the classroom. 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. We _ in the park.7. How _ your father? _ he kind? No,he _.8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. They _ good friends.9. Whose dress _ this? -_it yours? - Yes, it _.10. Who _ I ？ You _ Tom. You _my friend.11. That _ my red skirt. This_ your blue dress. 12. -Who _ I? -_ you Tom ? -Yes, I _.13.The books _ on the desk. The bag _ under the chair. 14. Here _ an apple for you. 15. Here _ some peaches for you. 16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me. The milk_ for you.19. Some tea _ in the glass. Some cakes _ on the table.20.Gao shan's shirt _ over there. He not helpful boy.21. My sister's name _Nancy. 22. This _ not Wang Fang's pencil. 23. _ David and Helen from England(英国）? 24. There _ a girl in the classroom. 25. There _ some apples on the tree. 26. _ there any kites in the classroom? 27. _ there any apple juice in the bottle? 28. There _ some bread on the plate. 29. There a boy, two girls in the room.30. There two girls ,a boy in the room.31. Where your teacher? 32. Where your teachers?33. There an apple,three oranges and five pears on the table.34. There three oranges, an apple and five pears on the table.二、修改句子1. This ia an big elephant.否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 2. They are fresh vegetables.否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 3.These oranges are sweet.否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 4.I am a hardworking boy.否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 5. We are from China.否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 Lesson4 重要的单词2have/has一Have(has)的基本用法总结1. have作“有”讲，强调“所属关系”，含有“拥有”之意。其主语一般是人，有时也可以是物。例：I have a new classmate. 我有一个新同学。They have many new books. 他们有许多新书。Wu Yifan has a little brother. 魏华有个小弟弟。This table has four legs. 这张桌子有四条腿。2. have可以作“买”讲。I want to have a kilo of beef. 我想买一公斤牛肉。May I have a new pen? 我可以买支新笔吗？3. have作“用、使用”讲Excuse me, may I have your bike, please? 打扰了，我可以用（借用）你的自行车吗？4. have+表示动作的名词（这类名词常由同形的动词转化而来），意为“做（某事）”（=do sth. )。have a drink (of)喝一点（）have a look(at)（朝）看一眼have a rest休息一下have a swim游泳这些短语常用于口语，这里的have可以用take替换。5. have+表示一日三餐的名词，意为“用餐”。have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭。have dinner吃饭，吃晚饭。6. have+表示食品、饮料等的名词，意为“吃；喝”（=eat, drink）。have(some) bread吃面包have eggs(for breakfast)（早餐）吃鸡蛋have(a cup of )tea 喝（一杯）茶这里的have也可以用take替换。7 have+表示某种活动的名词，意为“进行；举行”。have a class（学生）上课have a sports meeting开运动会have a party举行聚会8. have+表示疾病的名词，意为“患（病）”，有时也用have got。have a bad cold患重感冒have (got) a cough咳嗽have(got) a headache头痛9. have+表示一段时间的名词，表示“经历；度过”。have a good time 度过快乐的时光，玩得愉快have a good summer holiday度过愉快的暑假。二、 have/has的句型转换：1. 否定句主语+don't (doesn't)+have +。We don't have any water here. 我们这儿没有水。This wall doesn't have a window in it. 这面墙上没有一个窗户。2. 一般疑问句： Do (Does)+主语+have+?肯定回答：Yes, 主语+do (does).否定回答：No, 主语+don't (doesn't). 例：Do you have a ruler? 你有尺子吗？Yes, I do . /No, I don't. 是的，我有。/不，我没有。Does Lucy have a twin sister? 露茜有个孪生姐姐吗？Yes, she does. /No, she doesn't. 是的，有。/不，没有。注意：do，does是助动词，do用于第一、二人称单、复数和第三人称复数；does用于第三人称单数形式。回答一般疑问句时，主语用人称代词表示；否定回答中don't或doesn't 一般不分开写。注意：have (has)表示“有”时，一般不用于进行时态。另外，在现代英语中，当“有”讲时，have/has的一般疑问句可以把have/has直接提前，当have/has作助词时表示完成时态时也可以直接提前。例：They have a book. Have they a book?三、 “have”与“there be句型”的区别（详见there be句型）1. have意为“有”，指所属关系；2. there be表示“某地有某物”，意指“存在”。There's a book on the desk. 桌子上有本书。Xiao Wang has an English-Chinese dictionary. 小王有本英汉字典。四、用have has 填空1. I _ (have) a cat. 16.We _ (have) a dog.2. He _ (have) a dog. 17. Do you _ (have) any birds?3. She _ (have) long hair. 18. Amy _ (have) cats.4.We _ (have) a big house. 19. It _ (have) a big nose.5.They _ (have) a happy family. 20. She _ (have) some rice.6.It _ (have) a short tail. 21. Dogs _ (have) good noses.7.You _ (have) a good teacher. 22. Tigers _ (have) sharp teeth.8.Elva _ (have) two big eyes. 23. The desk _ (have) four legs.9.Tom _ (have) a red pen. 24. John _ (have) round face.10.My mother _ (have) a beautiful nose. 25. I _ (have) an old bag.11. Sarah _ (have) some hot beef. 26. Does it _ (have) a mouth?12. You _ (have) a new teacher. 27. Girls _ (have) nice dresses.13. My grandpa _ (have) a cooking class. 28. He_ (have) new balls.14. Our father _ (have) some tea. 29. Teachers _ (have) old pens.15. My sister _ (have) some old dresses. 30. Cats _ (have) four legs.五、选择题请将正确答案的序号填在（）。 ( ) 1. I big eyes. Ahave B. has C. am ( )2.They got five trains. A. have B.has C.am ( )3.She got a big bedroom. A. have B.has C.is ( )4.My toy dog big ears. A. are B.has C.is ( )5. We dinner at seven oclock. A. have B.has C.are( )6 Tom and I got a football. A. have B.has C.are ( )7.It got big leaves. A. have B.has C.is ( )8.Can he lunch now? A. have B.has C.is （ ）9. I a boy. I a new bag. A. am has B. am have C. is have ( ) 10. He a friend. He happy. A. is have B. has are C. has is 六、把下列句子改成否定句，一般疑问句并肯定否定回答。1. I have many friends.否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 2. He has two hamburgers.否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 3. We have P.E on the Fridays.否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 4. Her father has two brothers.否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 5. Amy has some beef.否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： Lesson 5 名词名词的概念：1.名词是指：表示 的词语。2.名词的分类：按照是否可数，可以分为：（1） 可数名词：能以数目来计算的名词 例：apple book.单数形式 与 复数形式（2）不可数名词：不能数目计算的名词 :例: beef rice water.习题：把下列名词分类： rice fish hamburger sandwich egg desk computer water elephant pear kite tree meat ice cream cheese boat teacher hat bread juice coffee tea 可数名词： 不可数名词： 二、可数名词的复数形式   1、规则复数  大部分可数名词，直接在单词末尾+s; bookbooks appleapples tigertigers Sunday-Sundays 以-s,-x,-z,-sh,-ch结尾的可数名词，在单词末尾+es; busbuses foxfoxes brushbrushes peach-peaches 以辅音字母+y结尾的可数名词，变y为i,再+es;  babybabies bodybodies flyflies cherrycherries 以f,fe 结尾的 变f为v,再加eswolfwolves scarfscarves knifeknives 如果单词以”o"结尾：（1）有生命的，加es，如：potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,hero-heroes (这 三个词的记忆口诀-”英雄“爱吃”土豆“和”西红柿“) （2）无生命的，加s，如：photo-photos(照片),radio-radios(收音机) 2、不规则复数 man men     woman - women  policemanpolicemen postmanpostmenfootfeet toothteeth goosegeese fishfish sheepsheep peoplepeople mousemice childchildren3. 不可数名词，则没有复数形式，或者就用它本身tea ， bread beef soup milk water juice pork rice4. 其他词语的复数I we youyou he/she/itthey thisthese that-those三、写出下列单词复数形式 photo  dress      man       boy   monkey fish tiger  bird orange peach watch fox dress bus wife nose face foot mouse ship plane dog cat horse house window class butterfly baby family woman firman tooth child toy boy girl brother photo tomato thief scarf ruler bag policewoman sheep hero box wolf people pencil tea milk rice milk water grass pork chicken I he it she this that 四、名词单数 （1）名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，不可数名词没有单复数，一律看作单数。 （2）可数名词的单数前什么时候用a，什么时候用an？ 答：以元音音标（或音素）开头的用an。