小学英语语法-不定代词专题.docx

不定代词专题不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词。不定代词不仅具有名词和形容词的特征，而且还有可数和不可数之分。不定代词是英语中最重要的一类代词，它不仅数量多、用法复杂，而且也是英语考试中的一个重要的考点。不定代词主要有：不定代词意义不定代词意义不定代词意义all全体，全部each每个many许多both两个都every每个much许多either任意一个neither两个都不none没有一个some一些any一些，任何little几乎没有another另外一个other另外的人或物few几乎没有复合不定代词有：someone某人somebody某人something某事anyone任何人anybody任何人anything任何事everyone每人everybody每人everything一切no one没有人nobody没有人nothing没什么【说明】somebody与someone同义，均表示“某人”；anyone与anybody同义，均表示“任何人”；everyone与everybody同义，均表示“每人”。一、与“没有，都不”有关的不定代词：none, no one, no, neither1. none和no one都表示“三者或三者以上没有一个”。 noneno one既可指人也可以指物只能指人，不能指物常与of短语连用不能与of短语连用作主语，谓语动词用单复数都行作主语，谓语动词用单数否定回答以How much / How many开头的疑问句否定回答以Who开头的疑问句举例：_ (None / No one) of them passed the exam. (作主语)Ive read _ (none / no one) of the books. (作宾语)_ (None / No one) in our class likes listening to that story.No one knows the answer _ (of / to) the question.How many people are there in the room?  _ (一个也没有).Who went there yesterday?  _ (没有人).2. no是形容词性不定代词，只能作定语修饰可数或不可数名词，相当于“not a / an + n.”或“not any +n.”。 例如：I have no money. = I do not have _ money.There is no bird in the tree. = There is not _ bird in the tree.3. neither表示“两个之中任何一个都不”，可作主语，宾语和定语。neither作主语时，谓语动词往往用单数形式。例如：They _ (邀请) Mary and Ann, but neither of them came to the party. (作主语)The bus can stop on neither _ (边) of the road. (作定语)二、与“一个”有关的不定代词：it, one, that, either, anyit意为“它”，指代上文提到过的同一个单数名词。one意为“一个”，指代上文提到过的单数名词中的同类名词，其复数形式为ones。两者进行比较，为了避免重复，that用来替代上文中的可数名词单数(相当于the one)或不可数名词；those用来替代上文中的可数名词复数。either表示“两个中的任意一个”。any用于肯定句时，表示“多个中的任何一个”。例如：This is my cat. Do you like _? 这是我的猫。喜欢它吗？This book is much more interesting than that _. 这本书比那一本有趣得多。The book you borrowed is the same as _ I bought. 你借的书和我买的一样。Theyre both good. You can take _ of them. 这两个都不错。你可以买任一个。The apples on the table are bigger than _ on the floor. 桌子上的苹果比地上的大。The weather in Hubei is warmer than _ in Shaanxi. 湖北的天气比陕西的更温暖。He doesnt want the small apples; he wants the big _. 他不想要这些小苹果；他想要那些大的。I have many interesting books. You can borrow _ if you like. 我有许多有趣的书。你可以借任一本。三、与“每一个”有关的不定代词：every, eachevery的意思是“每一个”、“一切”，它只具有形容词的性质，在句中只能作定语。它用于修饰可数名词的单数形式，所描述的对象是两个以上(两个用each)。each的意思是“每一个”，具有名词和形容词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语等，可以指人也可以指物，描述对象为两个或两个以上。作定语时，修饰可数名词的单数形式。与every相比，each强调个别性，every着重整体性。此外，each可以和of连用，而every则不能直接接of，但each of = every one of。例如：_ of us has a story book. 我们每一个人都有一本故事书。(作主语)They _ have a dictionary. 他们每人都有一本词典。(作同位语)He gave us two apples _. 他给我们每人两个苹果。(作同位语)The teacher gave one book to _ of the students. 老师给了每个学生一本书。(作宾语)_ child can receive a present today. 每个孩子今天都可以收到一份礼物。(作定语)四、与“都，所有”有关的不定代词：both, allboth指两个人或物，而all指三个或三个以上的人或物；两者都可作主语、定语、宾语、表语和同位语。例如：_ of the girls in our class are good at English. 我们班所有女生都擅长英语。(作主语)Father will take _ of the children to the park. 爸爸将要带两个孩子去公园。(作宾语)They _ like their new teacher. 他们都喜欢他们的新老师。(作同位语)【注意】all可与单数或不可数名词连用，both只能和复数名词连用。例如：The old man has lived here _ his life. 老人已经在这里住了一辈子了。She has spent _ the money on the books. 她已经把她所有的钱都花在书上了。六、与“一些”有关的不定代词：some, anysome和any是表示不定数量的代词，意为“一些”，都具有名词和形容词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。作定语时，所修饰的是可数名词复数或不可数名词。两者具体解析如下：1. 一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句以及由if引导的条件状语从句中。2. some有时可以用来修饰可数名词的单数，表示“某一个”。3. some有时可用于疑问句，表示征求(对方的)意见，希望得到对方的肯定回答，多用于提建议的句型如Would you like，Why not，What / How about等句型中。4. any也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何一个”，其后接可数名词的单数。any other用于肯定句中，表示“其余的任何一个”，其后接可数名词的单数。例如：If you have no paper, Ill give you _. 如果你没有纸，我给你一些。(作宾语)If you have _, give me _. 如有你有，就给我们一些。(作宾语)He asked me _ questions. 他问了我几个问题。(作定语)Are there _ students in the classroom? 教室里有学生吗？(作定语)_ of us are going by bike. 我们中有些人骑车去。(作主语)Is there _ left? 还有没有剩下的？(作主语)Why not buy _ flowers for her? 为什么不给她买一些花儿呢？_ person is waiting for you at the gate. 有一个人在门外等你。Take _ book if you like. 你喜欢哪本书就拿哪本。China is larger than _ country in Africa. 中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。五、与“别的”有关的不定代词：another, other, others, the other, the others, elseanother指三者或三者以上的另外一个，作定语修饰名词，可以单独用作主语或宾语。此外，another two = two more，表示“再来两个”。other后接可数名词复数，相当于others，意为“其余的(并非全部)”。the other后接可数名词复数，相当于the others，意为“其余的(全部)”。此外，the other还可用于表示两者之中的另一个，即one the other。else意为“别的”，往往放在复合不定代词或疑问词之后。例如：I dont want to buy anything _. 我不想买别的了。Do you have any_ ideas? 你有没有别的想法？(作定语)May I ask you _ three questions? 我还可以问你三个问题吗？I dont like this jacket. Can you show me _? 我不喜欢这件夹克，能让我再看一件吗？(作宾语)I have two books. One is Chinese, _ is English. 我有两本书。一本是中文的，另一本是英文的。(作主语)What _ can you see in the picture? = What _ things can you see in the picture? 你还能在图片中看到什么？There are thirty men teachers in our school, _ are women teachers. 我们学校有30名男老师，其余的是女老师。After class, some students are playing basketball, _ are playing table tennis. 下课后，一些学生打篮球，另外一些在打乒乓球。七、表示“数量多少”的不定代词：(a) few, (a) little, many, muchmany和 (a) few修饰可数名词复数，much和 (a) little 修饰不可数名词，都可作主语、宾语或定语。a few和a little表示肯定，意为“有几个/一点儿”；few和little表示否定，意为“几乎没有”；many和much意为“许多”。例如：Only _ of them want to go. 他们中只有几个人想去。(作主语)There is _ water in the bottle. 瓶子里几乎没有水了。(作定语)There is _ to be done about it. 对于这件事没什么可做的。(作主语)_ of the problems have been solved. 很多问题已经被解决了。(作主语)They have finished _ of the work. 他们已经完成了很多工作。(作宾语)Only _ people can solve this problem. 只有几个人能解决这个问题。(作定语)You mean bananas? They have _ left. 你是说香蕉？他们几乎没有了。(作宾语)八、由some-, any-, no-, every-, 与-thing, -body, -one构成的复合不定代词：someone, anyone, somebody, anybody等复合不定代词都可作主语，宾语或表语。someone, something, somebody一般用于肯定句；anyone, anything, anybody一般用于否定句和疑问句，当它们用于否定句时，相当于no one, nothing和nobody。当not和every-连用时，表部分否定；若表全部否定，则改为no-。例如：_ is looking for you outside. 有人在外边找你呢。There is _ but a glass of water here. 这里只剩下一杯水了。Not _ in this room is round. 这间屋子里并非每个东西都是圆的。I dont think there is _ important in todays newspaper. 我认为今天的报纸上没有什么新的内容。The question is so easy that _ in our class can answer it easily. 这个问题如此地简单以至于我们班任何人都能轻易地答出来。例题1. Would you like some pear juice?Yes, please. Its my favorite. I think _ is more delicious than pear juice.A. something        B. anything                  C. nothing                    D. everything2. It snowed heavily last night. Is everyone here today?Yes, and _ of us was late for school this morning.A. either                      B. neither                     C. none                       D. no one3. Unfortunately I was sitting at the table with smokers on _ side of me.A. either              B. both                 C. other                  D. all4. I always believe that _ is difficult if we try our best to do it.      A. something             B. anything     C. everything            D. nothing5. There are enough cups for each visitor to have _.A. one                         B. it                         C. this                       D. that6. I still want to drink something. May I have _ cup of juice?Certainly. Here you are.     A. other               B. more              C. another              D. else7. The weather in Hainan is quite different from _ of Heilongjiang.A. it                  B. one                     C. this                      D. that8. Mom, what would you like, coffee or tea?  _. Just water, please.A. Either                B. Both                C. Neither           D. None9. My hometown is becoming more and more beautiful with trees and flowers on_ sides of the road.    A. all                 B. both                 C. neither             D. either10. Our teacher was very happy because _ failed the examination.      A. somebody             B. nobody            C. anybody            D. everybody11. When our teacher heard of the news, he was too angry to say _.      A. everything            B. nothing                 C. something            D. anything12. Come here, Ill tell you _ about your study.  OK, were coming.A. anything important                               B. something importantC. important anything                             D. important something13. Do you need an apple or a pear?  _, I really dont mind.A. Both              B. None             C. Either              D. Neither14. Wow, so many new buildings! But it used to be a poor village.Yes. _ has changed in our hometown.A. Nothing                B. Nobody                C. Everything             D. Everybody15. Which way do you prefer, reading online or reading on paper?_. Sometimes I read online, sometimes I read on paper.   A. Both              B. None              C. Either       D. Neither16. I tried two bookshops for the dictionary I wanted, but _of them had it.A. either                      B. both                        C. neither                    D. none17. Mike, have you ever been to the Water Park with your sisters?_ of us has. Well plan to go there together this weekend.     A. Neither              B. None              C. All                 D. Both18. Of the three reading rooms, one is near, _ two are far.    A. other              B. the others         C. the other                D. another19. I bought a smart phone (智能手机) yesterday, and it works well, would you like to buy _ like this?A. it                      B. this                          C. one                        D. that20.  Is there _ in todays newspaper?  Yes, quite a lot.     A. anything interesting                        B. something interesting     C. interesting anything                      D. interesting something21. Have you watched the TV report about MERS?Yes, its _ new dangerous disease.A. the other                 B. another                   C. others                     D. other22. Do you know Lily and Lucy?Yes, but the twins look so similar that I always mistake one for _.A. the other              B. the others         C. another               D. other23. Whats in your box?  Theres _ in it. Its empty.A. everything         B. something           C. anything            D. nothing24. We cant do it that waybut whether it will work is _ matter.            A. other                       B. another                   C. each                       D. every25. Hurry up, kids! The school bus is coming. We have _ time left.A. few                       B. a few                   C. little                     D. a little26.The East Lake is not far from the Yellow Crane Tower, so you can easily visit _ in a day.  Fantastic! I cant wait for it.   A. none                     B. both                       C. all                           D. either27.Would you like some more noodles, Celia?Yes, just _, please.A. a few                      B. few                        C. a little               D. little28. The children _ received a bag and some pencils.A. each                       B. every                      C. each one                 D. every one29. There is _ wrong with my back and it hurts seriously.A. anything     B. something    C. nothing                    D. everything30. Who taught Zhu Zhiwen to sing?_! He learned singing by himself.A. Everybody          B. Somebody         C. Nobody                  D. Anybody