新视野大学英语第三版第四册unit1-unit5-sectionA课后练习答案.docx

新视野大学英语4 Unit1-Unit5 Section A课后练习Unit 1crumble 崩溃，瓦解，消失discern 看出，觉察出，辨明Surpass 超过，胜过shrewd 精明的，机敏的，准确的conversion 转变，改造，转换distort 歪曲，曲解radiant 容光焕发的，喜悦的ingenious 有独创性的，别出心裁的stump 使困惑，难倒proposition 提议，建议，主张1. As the gender barriers (crumbled), the number of women working as lawyers, doctors, or bankers began to increase significantly from the mid-20th century. 2. With the data collected each year, the owner of the shop can (discern) customer trends and how things like weather and economic indicators affect sales performance. 3. His supervisor pushes and motivates him in such a positive manner that he is not only able to reach but to (surpass) his personal goals. 4. He is a man with a(n) (shrewd) business sense. He has built his initial investment into a substantial and even excessively large fortune. 5. The (conversion) of nuclear radiation directly into electricity was an exciting possibility that was being vigorously explored in many laboratories in the 1950s. 6. I was not only shocked but also disgusted that the report tried to (distort) the scientific facts in such a manner that even some highly-educated people were fooled. 7. Sixty-two and blessed with his mother's skin, the fisherman had withstood a lifetime of exposure to the sun and looked as (radiant) as a man in his forties. 8. French educator Louis Braille invented a simple but (ingenious) code which has had an impact on the lives of generations of people who are blind. 9. The senators didn't expect us to ask such tough questions, and when we finally did, they got (stumped) and didn't know what to say. 10. This newly established university supports the (proposition) that a more diverse higher education system is desirable since it would enhance opportunities for lifelong learning. 短语be dripping with 满是，充满in exchange for 作为交换flare up 突然发怒，骤然make an analogy between在间做类比set a date for 为定日期makeout of 使变成made a pact 约好，达成协议appeale to 诉诸，唤起1. The brick walls of the ruined buildings (were dripping with) green mold and moisture, and she shivered involuntarily, looking down to avoid the sight. 2. As urban populations exported finished goods (in exchange for) raw materials from neighboring populations, organized trade grew substantially. 3. Knowing just how quickly a wildfire can spread, some residents of the village decided to leave their homes after the flames (flared up) nearby. 4. Biology teachers often (make an analogy between) the heart and a pump in order to help students understand how the heart works. 5. They would like to (set a date for) their wedding and announce their engagement to their families and friends as soon as possible. 6. He was determined not to sour a perfectly good day with the memory of one jealous classmate trying to (make) a fool (out of) him in front of the entire class. 7. The couple (made a pact) never to work at the same time, so that one of them was always on full-time parenting duty, and their child wouldn't have to be looked after by strangers. 8. The president said that it's the worst earthquake ever to hit the country, and that he (had appealed to) the world for help, asking in particular for heavy-lift helicopters able to carry relief supplies into the isolated mountain areas. 英译汉Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist.亚里士多德是古希腊的哲学家和科学家。His writings cover many subjects, including physics, biology, zoology, logic, ethics, poetry, theater, music, linguistics, politics and government, and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy.他的作品涵盖了许多学科，包括物理学、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、伦理学、诗歌、戏剧、音乐、语言学、政治和政府，构成了第一个综合的西方哲学体系。 Aristotle was the first to classify areas of human knowledge into distinct disciplines such as mathematics, biology, and ethics. 亚里士多德是第一个将人类的知识领域划分为不同学科的人，如数学，生物学和伦理学。He believed all people's concepts and all their knowledge were ultimately based on perception. 他相信人所有的观念和所有的知识在根本上都是基于感知能力。His views on natural sciences laid the groundwork for many of his works.他对自然科学的看法构成了他许多作品的基础。 He contributed to almost every field of human knowledge in his era.他几乎对他所处时期的每一个人类知识领域都作出了贡献。 His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, and even today all aspects of Aristotle's philosophy continue to be the important subject of academic study. 他的作品包含了人们所知的最早的关于逻辑的正式研究，即使在今天，亚里士多德哲学所涵盖的方方面面仍是学术研究的重要课题。His philosophy had a long-lasting influence on the development of all Western philosophical theories. 他的哲学对所有的西方哲学理论的发展有着经久不衰的影响。More than 2,300 years after his death, Aristotle remains one of the most influential philosophers and scientists. 在去世2,300多年后，亚里士多德仍是最有影响力的哲学家和科学家之一。Unit 2deficient 不足的，有缺陷的prosecution 起诉，指控outrage 义愤，愤慨，震怒，暴行appease 平息，安抚，抚慰conformity n.遵照，遵从，符合strand 组成部分，方面complement 与互补transient 短暂的，临时的appliances 家用电器，家用器具outfit n.全套服装v.为提供全套服装，装备1. We need to improve the quality of education so that our children will not leave school (deficient) in literary and reasoning skills. 2. In a society governed by the rule of law, every citizen is subject to possible (prosecution) if he violates the law. 3. The pay gap between average workers and top corporate officers has led to pubic (outrage) as executives receive large packages despite falling share prices. 4. The delicious meal (appeased) our hunger and made us feel warm again after having walked in the snow all day. 5. The military insists on (conformity) in many areas, for example, dress and haircut, with the primary objective of promoting group unity. 6. My daughter used to play with the dog by taking a(n) (strand) of its hair and then spending a long time rubbing, combing and twisting it. 7. When she left for the party, she took great care to make her necklace and shoes (complement) her dress. 8. It was necessary to provide living places for (transient) immigrants passing through the area on their way to more permanent dwellings. 9. They had just moved in, so they needed to buy a number of kitchen (appliances) , including a microwave oven, a toaster, and a coffee maker. 10. She wanted a beautiful and elegant (outfit) to attend the wedding of a friend, but couldn't find anything satisfactory in the nearby shops.短语in hopes of 怀有的希望come up with 想出，提出excuse herself 礼貌地告辞be obsessed with 对着迷reach out to 请求的帮助voice an opinion on live up to 不辜负，做到，实践in terms of就而言1. Every month, the Community Services Center offers several lectures on health and fitness (in hopes of) introducing people to healthier lifestyles. 2. Do you know who (came up with) the idea of having cheesecake for dessert yesterday? It was delicious and made everyone happy. 3. The pain medication left Claudia feeling rather dull and sleepy, and soon after dinner she apologized for being such poor company and (excused herself) to bed. 4. When I was young, I (was obsessed with) maps, and I sometimes spent the whole day charting land routes from one point to another. 5. To make immigrants comfortable (reaching out to) police for help, more than 70 cities now bar police from asking them to prove their legal status. 6. Mary was often accused of "having a strong personality" because she was not afraid to (voice an opinion on) subjects about which she was knowledgeable. 7. At the end of his term in office, the governor was criticized for failure to (live up to) his campaign promise. 8. Results of a survey revealed that of the top 10 automobile makers (in terms of) customer satisfaction, six were Japanese and two were German.英译汉 William Shakespeare is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent (杰出的) dramatist.人们普遍认为，威廉?莎士比亚是最伟大的英语作家和世界杰出的戏剧家。 His plays have been translated into a vast number of languages and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.他的剧本被译成多种语言，并且比其他任何剧作家的作品都上演得多。 Shakespeare's early works were mostly comedies and histories，which have the reputation of being among the finest masterpieces produced in these genres (体裁) even today. 莎士比亚的早期作品大多是喜剧和历史剧。即使在今天，这些作品仍是同类作品中的杰作，享有绝佳声望。 Later on, Shakespeare wrote mainly tragedies, some of which, like Hamlet and King Lear, earned him fame in the entire Western literature.后来莎士比亚的创作主要是悲剧，其中一些作品，如哈姆雷特和李尔王，为其在整个西方文学界赢得了声誉。 The most striking features of Shakespeare are his brilliant use of language and his universal themes.莎士比亚最显著的特点是其精彩的语言运用及具有普遍意义的主题。He contributed thousands of words to English, many of which have become embedded in the language.他创造了数千个英语词汇，其中许多已经深植于英语中。 His themes are so universal that they transcend generations to stir the imaginations of readers and audiences worldwide.他的作品主题具有普遍意义，所以能够数代流传，激发世界各地读者和观众的想象力。 Shakespeare has influenced and inspired many writers over the centuries. 数世纪以来，莎士比亚影响和激励了许多作家。His writings remain highly popular today, and they are constantly studied, performed, and reinterpreted in diverse cultures throughout the world.其作品至今依旧广受欢迎，在世界各地的文化中被不断地研究、上演和诠释。 Shakespeare will continue to have an enormous impact on future playwrights, novelists, poets, actors, and scholars.莎士比亚将继续对未来的剧作家、小说家、诗人、演员和学者产生巨大影响。 Unit 3 exquisite 传播，散发，分散，驱散disperse 精美的，精致的decentralize （政府、组织等的部门）分散deduce 推理，推断fixture 固定物，固定成员frugality 节约，节俭administrate 管理，掌管disjointed 不连贯的，不协调的revive 复兴，重新流行，复活elapse过去，流逝1. The curtains changed the atmosphere of the house completely and made it into a place of (exquisite) beauty. 2. As the sun (dispersed) the clouds, we enjoyed our afternoon of playing cards in the forest under the clear sky and observing the most spectacular view I have ever seen in my life. 3. The big company (decentralized) their operations last year and opened several regional offices in the country to meet the needs of the market. 4. It is not easy to (deduce) a trend of growth from the available facts since they are quite scarce and not that convincing. 5. Formerly found only in large industrial applications, microwave ovens now have become a standard (fixture) of most modern kitchens. 6. He calls on the public to save in everyday life and believes that (frugality) is the key to battling a culture that rewards mindless consumption. 7. He is suitable for the position as he is young enough to understand what the teenagers think but old enough to (administrate) their programs. 8. When asked about her whereabouts at 9 o'clock that night, she gave a rather (disjointed) response, which caught the detective's attention. 9. (Reviving) the stalled economy and sticking to promises to bring the deficit down next year is proving to be the principal test for the new president. 10. A considerable period of time has to (elapse) before the effects of such security measures as closed-circuit television cameras and cell-phone monitoring become evident in reducing crimes. 短语heldin high regard 敬重，尊敬In the interim 在其间be onto something 发现新事物 in turn 轮流，依次from time to time 有时，间或pick on 找的茬，不公平地责备take a stab at 试图做某事boil down to归结为.1. Because of his quiet personality, many people said they would not elect him president of the institute though they (1) (held) him (2) (in high regard) . 2. Peter graduated from college in June and started his work in the auto company in August. (In the interim) , he took a trip around the country. 3. When his advertisement using the new digital technique drew as many as 5,000 responses overnight, he knew he (was onto something) . 4. When students are more involved in their academic and extracurricular activities, they will experience a richer campus life, which (in turn) benefits their development. 5. The scientists of the research center keep the good habit of summing up their experience (from time to time) . 6. Whenever the older kids in school tried to (pick on) her brother, she would not be afraid to stand up for him. 7. If he doesn't try to get a ticket now, he's probably not going to get one. So, he might want to (take a stab at) it one more time. 8. There are a lot of reasons for replacing your hard drive or adding a new one to your old computer, but they all (boil down to) the need for more space. With the development of computer science and the Internet technology, social networking services (SNS) have come to be a widely popular platform to build social networks or social relations among people in recent years.近年来，随着计算机科学和互联网技术的发展，社交网络服务（SNS）已经成为人们构建社交网络和社会关系的一个广受欢迎的平台。SNS are web-based services that allow individuals to create a public profile, create a list of users with whom to share connection, and view and cross the connections within the system.SNS是基于网页的服务，允许个人创建面向公众的个人简介，创建用户名单以分享社会联系，并对系统内的关系网进行浏览和交叉连接。 Social networking sites are varied and they incorporate new information and communication tools, allowing users to share ideas, pictures, posts, activities, events, interests with people in their network.社交网站多种多样，可整合各种新的信息及通讯工具，并允许用户跟网络中的其他人分享观点、图片、帖子、活动、事件以及兴趣爱好等。SNS have affected the social life and activity of people in various ways.SNS已通过各种方式影响到人们的社会生活以及社交活动。 With its availability on many mobile devices, a social networking service allows the users to continuously stay in touch with friends, relatives and other acquaintances wherever they are in the world, as long as there is access to the Internet.随着各种移动设备对SNS访问的实现，只要能连接上互联网，用户在世界上的任何地方都能一直与朋友、亲戚及其他认识的人保持联络。 A social networking service can also unite people with common interests and beliefs through groups and other pages, and has been known to reunite lost family members and friends because of the widespread reach of its network. SNS还可让拥有相同兴趣和信念的人通过群组或其他页面建立联系，同时，由于其网络分布广阔，还能让失散的家庭成员或朋友重新团聚，这点早已为人所知。Unit 5fabricate 编造，捏造nominal 名义上的，有名无实的temporal 收时间限制的，世俗的reciprocal 相互的，交互的denote 意指，代表，表示consecutive 连续的，不间断的spectator 观众（可数）mutter 低嘀咕，低声说composite n.合成物adj合成的malicious 恶意的，恶毒的1. Although he was not a legal expert, he knew it would not be proper to (fabricate) anything to mislead the public. 2. He does not work full time there, but he has been the (nominal) head of the organization's scholarship program for five years. 3. As Mark walked the sites on that initial trip of the migrants, he found some important (temporal) clues dated bus tickets, shopping receipts and calendars. 4. In urban planning, it is important to take into consideration the (reciprocal) influence between the transportation network and other facilities, for example shopping centers and medical centers. 5. The label "Smart Choices" on the front of food packages usually (denotes) products that meet criteria for lower fat,