毕业论文外文翻译-库存管理.docx

Inventory managementInventory Control On the so-called "inventory control", many people will interpret it as a "storage management", which is actually a big distortion. The traditional narrow view, mainly for warehouse inventory control of materials for inventory, data processing, storage, distribution, etc., through the implementation of anti-corrosion, temperature and humidity control means, to make the custody of the physical inventory to maintain optimum purposes. This is just a form of inventory control, or can be defined as the physical inventory control. How, then, from a broad perspective to understand inventory control? Inventory control should be related to the company's financial and operational objectives, in particular operating cash flow by optimizing the entire demand and supply chain management processes (DSCM), a reasonable set of ERP control strategy, and supported by appropriate information processing tools, tools to achieved in ensuring the timely delivery of the premise, as far as possible to reduce inventory levels, reducing inventory and obsolescence, the risk of devaluation. In this sense, the physical inventory control to achieve financial goals is just a means to control the entire inventory or just a necessary part; from the perspective of organizational functions, physical inventory control, warehouse management is mainly the responsibility of The broad inventory control is the demand and supply chain management, and the whole company's responsibility. Why until now many people's understanding of inventory control, limited physical inventory control? The following two reasons can not be ignored: First, our enterprises do not attach importance to inventory control. Especially those who benefit relatively good business, as long as there is money on the few people to consider the problem of inventory turnover. Inventory control is simply interpreted as warehouse management, unless the time to spend money, it may have been to see the inventory problem, and see the results are often very simple procurement to buy more, or did not do warehouse departments .Second, ERP misleading. Invoicing software is simple audacity to call it ERP, companies on their so-called ERP can reduce the number of inventory, inventory control, seems to rely on their small software can get. Even as SAP, BAAN ERP world, the field of these big boys, but also their simple modules inside the warehouse management functionality is defined as "inventory management" or "inventory control." This makes the already not quite understand what our inventory control, but not sure what is inventory control. In fact, from the perspective of broadly understood, inventory control, should include the following: First, the fundamental purpose of inventory control. We know that the so-called world-class manufacturing, two key assessment indicators (KPI) is, customer satisfaction and inventory turns, inventory turns and this is actually the fundamental objective of inventory control. Second, inventory control means. Increase inventory turns, relying solely on the so-called physical inventory control is not enough, it should be the demand and supply chain management process flow of this large output, and this big warehouse management processes in addition to including this link, the more important The section also includes: forecasting and order processing, production planning and control, materials planning and purchasing control, inventory planning and forecasting in itself, as well as finished products, raw materials, distribution and delivery of the strategy, and even customs management processes. And with the demand and supply chain management processes throughout the process, it is the information flow and capital flow management. In other words, inventory itself is across the entire demand and supply management processes in all aspects of inventory control in order to achieve the fundamental purpose, it must control all aspects of inventory, rather than just manage the physical inventory at hand. Third, inventory control, organizational structure and assessment. Since inventory control is the demand and supply chain management processes, output, inventory control to achieve the fundamental purpose of this process must be compatible with a rational organizational structure. Until now, we can see that many companies have only one purchasing department, purchasing department following pipe warehouse. This is far short of inventory control requirements. From the demand and supply chain management process analysis, we know that purchasing and warehouse management is the executive arm of the typical, and inventory control should focus on prevention, the executive branch is very difficult to "prevent inventory" for the simple reason that they assessment indicators in large part to ensure supply (production, customer). How the actual situation, a reasonable demand and supply chain management processes, and thus set the corresponding rational organizational structure and is a question many of our enterprises to explore The role of inventory control Inventory management is an important part of business management. In the production and operation activities, inventory management must ensure that both the production plant for raw materials, spare parts demand, but also directly affect the purchasing, sales of share, sales activities. To make an inventory of corporate liquidity, accelerate cash flow, the security of supply under the premise of minimizing Yaku funds, directly affects the operational efficiency. Ensure the production and operation needs of the premise, so keep inventories at a reasonable level; dynamic inventory control, timely, appropriate proposed order to avoid over storage or out of stock; reduce inventory footprint, lower total cost of inventory; control stock funds used to accelerate cash flow.Problems arising from excessive inventory: increased warehouse space and inventory storage costs, thereby increasing product costs; take a lot of liquidity, resulting in sluggish capital, not only increased the burden of payment of interest, etc., would affect the time value of money and opportunity income; finished products and raw materials caused by physical loss and intangible losses; a large number of enterprise resource idle, affecting their rational allocation and optimization; cover the production, operation of the whole process of the various contradictions and problems, is not conducive to improve the management level. Inventory is too small the resulting problems: service levels caused a decline in the profit impact of marketing and corporate reputation; production system caused by inadequate supply of raw materials or other materials, affecting the normal production process; to shorten lead times, increase the number of orders, so order (production) costs; affect the balance of production and assembly of complete sets. Notes Inventory management should particularly consider the following two questions:First, according to sales plans, according to the planned production of the goods circulated in the market, we should consider where, how much storage. Second, starting from the level of service and economic benefits to determine how to ensure inventories and supplementary questions. The two problems with the inventory in the logistics process functions. In general, the inventory function: (1) to prevent interrupted. Received orders to shorten the delivery of goods from the time in order to ensure quality service, at the same time to prevent out of stock. (2) to ensure proper inventory levels, saving inventory costs. (3) to reduce logistics costs. Supplement with the appropriate time interval compatible with the reasonable demand of the cargo in order to reduce logistics costs, eliminate or avoid sales fluctuations. (4) ensure the production planning, smooth to eliminate or avoid sales fluctuations. (5) display function. (6) reserve. Mass storage when the price falls, reduce losses, to respond to disasters and other contingencies. About the warehouse (inventory) on what the question, we must consider the number and location. If the distribution center, it should be possible according to customer needs, set at an appropriate place; if it is stored in central places to minimize the complementary principle to the distribution centers, there is no place certain requirements. When the stock base is established, will have to take into account are stored in various locations in what commodities. 库存管理库存控制 在谈到所谓“库存控制”的时候，很多人将其理解为“仓储管理”，这实际上是个很大的曲解。 传统的狭义观点认为，库存控制主要是针对仓库的物料进行盘点、数据处理、保管、发放等，通过执行防腐、温湿度控制等手段，达到使保管的实物库存保持最佳状态的目的。这只是库存控制的一种表现形式，或者可以定义为实物库存控制。那么，如何从广义的角度去理解库存控制呢？库存控制应该是为了达到公司的财务运营目标，特别是现金流运作，通过优化整个需求与供应链管理流程(DSCM)，合理设置ERP控制策略，并辅之以相应的信息处理手段、工具，从而实现在保证及时交货的前提下，尽可能降低库存水平，减少库存积压与报废、贬值的风险。从这个意义上讲，实物库存控制仅仅是实现公司财务目标的一种手段，或者仅仅是整个库存控制的一个必要的环节；从组织功能的角度讲，实物库存控制主要是仓储管理部门的责任，而广义的库存控制应该是整个需求与供应链管理部门，乃至整个公司的责任。 为什么直到现在还有很多人对库存控制的理解仅仅局限于实物库存控制呢？以下两方面的原因是不可忽视的： 第一、我们的企业不重视库存控制。特别是那些效益比较好的企业，只要有钱赚，就很少有人去考虑库存周转的问题。库存控制被简单地理解为仓储管理，除非到了没钱花的时候，才可能有人去看库存问题，而看的结果也往往是很简单，采购买多了，或者是仓储部门的工作没有做好。 第二、ERP的误导。一些简单的进销存软件被大言不惭地称之为ERP，企业上了他们的所谓ERP就可以降低多少库存，似乎库存控制就靠他们的小软件就可以搞定了。即使像SAP、BAAN这些世界ERP领域的老大们，也在他们的功能模块里面把简单的仓储管理功能定义为“库存管理”或者“库存控制”。这样就使得本来就不太明白什么叫库存控制的我们，更搞不清楚什么叫库存控制了。 其实，从广义地角度理解库存控制，应该包括以下几点： 第一、库存控制的根本目的。我们知道，所谓世界级制造的两个关键考核指标(KPI)就是，客户满意度以及库存周转率，而这个库存周转率实际上就是库存控制的根本目的所在。 第二、库存控制的手段。库存周转率的提高，单单靠所谓的实物库存控制是远远不够的，它应该是整个需求与供应链管理这个大流程流程的输出，而这个大流程除了包括仓储管理这个环节之外，更重要的部分还包括：预测与订单处理，生产计划与控制，物料计划与采购控制，库存计划与预测本身，以及成品、原材料的配送与发货的策略，甚至包括海关管理流程。而伴随着需求与供应链管理流程的整个过程，则是信息流与资金流的管理。也就是说，库存本身是贯穿于整个需求与供应管理流程的各个环节，要想达到库存控制的根本目的，就必须控制好各个环节上的库存，而不是仅仅管理好已经到手的实物库存。 第三、库存控制的组织结构与考核。既然库存控制是整个需求与供应链管理流程的输出，要实现库存控制的根本目的就必须要有一个与这个流程相适应的合理的组织结构。直到现在，我们可以发现，很多企业只有一个采购部，采购部下面管仓库。这是远不能适应库存控制要求的。从需求与供应链的管理流程分析，我们知道，采购与仓储管理都是典型的执行部门，而库存的控制应该预防为主，执行部门是很难去“预防库存”的，原因很简单，他们的考核指标在很大程度上是为了保证供应(生产、客户)。如何根据企业的实际情况，建立合理的需求与供应链管理流程，从而设置与之相应的合理的组织结构，是一个值得我们很多企业探讨的问题 库存控制的作用库存管理是企业管理的重要组成部分。在企业生产经营活动中，库存管理既必须保证生产车间对原材料、零部件需求，又直接影响采购、销售部门的购、销活动。为盘活企业流动资金，加快资金周转，在保障供给的前提下，最大限度地降低压库资金，直接牵动着企业的经营效益。保证企业生产、经营需求的前提下，使库存量经常保持在合理的水平上；掌握库存量动态，适时，适量提出订货，避免超储或缺货；减少库存空间占用，降低库存总费用；控制库存资金占用，加速资金周转。 库存量过大所产生的问题：增加仓库面积和库存保管费用，从而提高了产品成本；占用大量的流动资金，造成资金呆滞，既加重了货款利息等负担，又会影响资金的时间价值和机会收益；造成产成品和原材料的有形损耗和无形损耗；造成企业资源的大量闲置，影响其合理配置和优化；掩盖了企业生产、经营全过程的各种矛盾和问题，不利于企业提高管理水平。 库存量过小所产生的问题：造成服务水平的下降，影响销售利润和企业信誉；造成生产系统原材料或其他物料供应不足，影响生产过程的正常进行；使订货间隔期缩短，订货次数增加，使订货（生产）成本提高；影响生产过程的均衡性和装配时的成套性。 注意事项库存管理应该特别考虑下述两个问题： 第一，根据销售计划，按计划生产的商品在市场上流通时，要考虑在什么地方，存放多少。 第二，从服务水平和经济效益出发来确定库存量以及如何保证补充的问题。 上述两个问题与库存在物流过程中的功能有关。 一般来说，库存功能有： (1)防止断档。缩短从接受定单到送达货物的时间，以保证优质服务，同时又要防止脱销。 (2)保证适当的库存量，节约库存费用。 (3)降低物流成本。用适当的时间间隔补充与需求量相适应的合理的货物量以降低物流成本，消除或避免销售波动的影响。 (4)保证生产的计划性、平稳性以消除或避免销售波动的影响。 (5)展示功能。 (6)储备功能。在价格下降时大量储存，减少损失，以应灾害等不时之需。 关于仓库(库存)放在什么地方的问题，首先要考虑数量和地点。如果是配送中心，则应尽可能根据顾客 需要，设置在适当的地方；如果是存储中心则以尽可能减少向配送中心补充为原则，地点则没有一定的要求。当库存据点确定之后，则要考虑在各据点里都储存什么样的商品了。 五分钟搞定5000字毕业论文外文翻译，你想要的工具都在这里!在科研过程中阅读翻译外文文献是一个非常重要的环节，许多领域高水平的文献都是外文文献，借鉴一些外文文献翻译的经验是非常必要的。由于特殊原因我翻译外文文献的机会比较多，慢慢地就发现了外文文献翻译过程中的三大利器：Google“翻译”频道、金山词霸（完整版本）和CNKI“翻译助手"。具体操作过程如下： 1.先打开金山词霸自动取词功能，然后阅读文献； 2.遇到无法理解的长句时，可以交给Google处理，处理后的结果猛一看，不堪入目，可是经过大脑的再处理后句子的意思基本就明了了； 3.如果通过Google仍然无法理解，感觉就是不同，那肯定是对其中某个“常用单词”理解有误，因为某些单词看似很简单，但是在文献中有特殊的意思，这时就可以通过CNKI的“翻译助手”来查询相关单词的意思，由于CNKI的单词意思都是来源与大量的文献，所以它的吻合率很高。 另外，在翻译过程中最好以“段落”或者“长句”作为翻译的基本单位，这样才不会造成“只见树木，不见森林”的误导。四大工具： 1、Google翻译： google，众所周知，谷歌里面的英文文献和资料还算是比较详实的。我利用它是这样的。一方面可以用它查询英文论文，当然这方面的帖子很多，大家可以搜索，在此不赘述。回到我自己说的翻译上来。下面给大家举个例子来说明如何用吧比如说“电磁感应透明效应”这个词汇你不知道他怎么翻译，首先你可以在CNKI里查中文的，根据它们的关键词中英文对照来做，一般比较准确。 在此主要是说在google里怎么知道这个翻译意思。大家应该都有词典吧，按中国人的办法，把一个一个词分着查出来，敲到google里，你的这种翻译一般不太准，当然你需要验证是否准确了，这下看着吧，把你的那支离破碎的翻译在google里搜索，你能看到许多相关的文献或资料，大家都不是笨蛋，看看，也就能找到最精确的翻译了，纯西式的！我就是这么用的。 2、CNKI翻译： CNKI翻译助手，这个网站不需要介绍太多，可能有些人也知道的。主要说说它的有点，你进去看看就能发现：搜索的肯定是专业词汇，而且它翻译结果下面有文章与之对应（因为它是CNKI检索提供的，它的翻译是从文献里抽出来的），很实用的一个网站。估计别的写文章的人不是傻子吧，它们的东西我们可以直接拿来用，当然省事了。网址告诉大家，有兴趣的进去看看，你们就会发现其乐无穷！还是很值得用的。 3、网路版金山词霸（不到1M）： 4、有道在线翻译：翻译时的速度：这里我谈的是电子版和打印版的翻译速度，按个人翻译速度看，打印版的快些，因为看电子版本一是费眼睛，二是如果我们用电脑，可能还经常时不时玩点游戏，或者整点别的，导致最终SPPEED变慢，再之电脑上一些词典（金山词霸等）在专业翻译方面也不是特别好，所以翻译效果不佳。在此本人建议大家购买清华大学编写的好像是国防工业出版社的那本英汉科学技术词典，基本上挺好用。再加上网站如：google CNKI翻译助手，这样我们的翻译速度会提高不少。具体翻译时的一些技巧（主要是写论文和看论文方面） 大家大概都应预先清楚明白自己专业方向的国内牛人，在这里我强烈建议大家仔细看完这些头上长角的人物的中英文文章，这对你在专业方向的英文和中文互译水平提高有很大帮助。 我们大家最蹩脚的实质上是写英文论文，而非看英文论文，但话说回来我们最终提高还是要从下大工夫看英文论文开始。提到会看，我想它是有窍门的，个人总结如下： 1、把不同方面的论文分夹存放，在看论文时，对论文必须做到看完后完全明白（你重视的论文）；懂得其某部分讲了什么（你需要参考的部分论文），在看明白这些论文的情况下，我们大家还得紧接着做的工作就是把论文中你觉得非常巧妙的表达写下来，或者是你论文或许能用到的表达摘记成本。这个本将是你以后的财富。你写论文时再也不会为了一些表达不符合西方表达模式而烦恼。你的论文也降低了被SCI或大牛刊物退稿的几率。不信，你可以试一试 2、把摘记的内容自己编写成检索，这个过程是我们对文章再回顾，而且是对你摘抄的经典妙笔进行梳理的重要阶段。你有了这个过程。写英文论文时，将会有一种信手拈来的感觉。许多文笔我们不需要自己再翻译了。当然前提是你梳理的非常细，而且中英文对照写的比较详细。 3、最后一点就是我们往大成修炼的阶段了，万事不是说成的，它是做出来的。写英文论文也就像我们小学时开始学写作文一样，你不练笔是肯定写不出好作品来的。所以在此我鼓励大家有时尝试着把自己的论文强迫自己写成英文的，一遍不行，可以再修改。最起码到最后你会很满意。呵呵，我想我是这么觉得的。10