新人教版七年级英语下册重点知识总结.doc

七年级下册英语重点知识总结Unit 1 Can you play the guitar ?1. 想要做某事：want to do sth.= would like to do sth.2. 与某人交朋友：make friends with sb.3. 在周末：on the weekend = on weekends4. 忙于做某事：be busy doing sth.= be busy with sth.5. 告诉某人（不）做某事：tell sb.（not）to do sth.6. 帮助某人做某事：help sb.（to）do sth. 在.上帮助某人：help sb. with sth. 在某人的帮助下：with ones help = with the help of sb.7. .怎么样？：How about / What about doing sth.？ 8. 展示某物给某人看：show sb.sth.= show sth. to sb. 9. 给某人某物：give sb.sth.= give sth. to sb. 10. 喜欢做某事：like to do sth. = like doing sth.11. play的用法：v play+the+乐器：play the violin / piano /guitar /drums（鼓）v play+球/棋/牌类：play basketball / ping-pong / chess / cards（牌）be good with=get on/along well with 善于应付.的;与.相处得好12.be good at=do well in 擅长于.be good for 对.有好处be good to 对.好eg: My sister is good at drawing. Eating vegetables is good for your health. Mr.Green is good to us. Tom is good with his friends.13. 辨析：talk，say，speak与tellØ talk：意为“说话，谈话”，与介词to，with连用表示“与.交谈”；与介词about连用表示“谈论关于.”Ø say：强调说话内容，后接所要说的内容。Ø speak：强调说话的动作，而不强调说话内容。在正式场合发言、演讲用speak，说某种语言也用speak。Ø tell：意为“告诉；讲”。表示讲故事或讲笑话要用tell。tell sb. sth=tell sth. to sb. “告诉某人某事”eg：Mary can _ Chinese very well.“I dont know.”she _.Father always _ interesting stories to us.The teacher often _ with his students.Could you please _ me your name？14. 辨析：join，take part in与attendØ join：指加入某个党派，团体或俱乐部，并成为其中的一员。eg：join the army（参军）join the Party（入党）join the League（入团） join the swimming/art/singing/music/sports club后接表示人的名词或代词作宾语。表示“和某人一起做某事” join sb. in (doing) sth.eg：Will you join us in the discussion？ 你参加我们的讨论吗？Ø take part in：意为“参加，参与”，指参加会议或群众性的活动。eg：He takes an active part in school activities. Did you take part in the sports meeting yesterday？Ø attend：侧重参加或出席会议或学术活动等。（正式用语）eg：attend the meeting (参加会议) attend the lecture (听演讲) attend the wedding (参加婚礼) attend the party (参加派对) attend school (上学) attend church (做礼拜)Unit 2 What time do you go to school?1. 迟到：be late for = arrive late for 2. 穿上衣服：get dressed 3. (没)有时间去做某事：have (no) time to do sth. 4. 在上学日：on school days 5. 辨析：job与work job：可数名词，指具体的职业或工作。work：不可数名词，指人们日常生活和工作中从事的体力或脑力劳动，即各类工作。eg：He has lots of work to do every day.She has a good job in a bank.what time：用来询问具体的时刻（几点；几点几分）when：意为“何时”，用来询问年份、月份、日期，也可问时间点6.eg：What time do you usually get up？= When do you usually get up？ At 7:30.7. either.or. “要么.要么.”“或者.或者.”连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与邻近的主语保持一致（就近原则）eg：Either you or I am good at speaking English.² 附：常见的英语就近原则短语动词 “锻炼” eg：How often do you exercise？可数n. “练习，功课，体操等”，常用复数形式eg：Im doing morning exercises.不可数n. “锻炼，运动” eg：The doctor tells us to take more exercise.There be句型；not.only,but.also.（不仅.而且.）；neither.nor.（既不.也不.）；not.but（不是.而是.）8. exercise9. 辨析：时间介词at，in与onØ at：用于具体的时刻前或固定短语 eg：at 5 oclock at nightØ in：用在月份、季节、年份等前，也可表示在早上、下午或晚上 eg：in June；in 2017；in summer；in the morningØ on：用于日期、星期几、节日前，也可指具体的某一天或某一天的上/下午或晚上 eg：on Monday；on Childrens day；on a cold winter evening；on April 1st；on the morning of July 5th10. 时刻的表达法：当分钟<或=30，用past表示。其结构为：“分钟+past+整点”当分钟>30，用to表示。其结构为：“(60-分钟)+to+(整点+1)”Unit 3 How do you get to school?1. how引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式，其答语分四种情况：take a/an/the+交通工具（单数）+to +地点 （动词短语，在句中作谓语）walk/ride/fly/drive+to+地点 （地点副词home/there/here，省to） by+交通工具（单数） （介词短语作方式状语） on/in+限定词+交通工具 （介词短语作方式状语）eg：take the bus to school=go to school by bus=go to school on a busdrive a car to work=go to work by car=go to work in a car 2. hundred “百” thousand“千” million“百万” billion“十亿”若前有数词修饰，不加s，反之要加seg：two hundred birds 200只鸟 hundreds of students 数百名学生3.How far is it from A to B?=How far is B from A? “从A到B有多远”答语有两种：(1)Itsmeters/miles/kilometers(away) 有米/英里/千米（远）(2)Its about ten minutes walk/ ride. 约有十分钟步行/骑车的路程4.what . think of.？=How do/does. like.？ .觉得.怎么样？5.be afraid to do sth. “害怕做某事” be afraid +that从句 “恐怕.” be afraid of sb./sth. “害怕某人/某物” be afraid of doing sth. “害怕做某事”6. It takes sb. +时间+ to do sth. “做某事花费某人多长时间”eg：It takes me 20 minutes to get to school by bike.7. 辨析：cost，pay，spend和takecost主语是物sth. cost sb.+钱pay主语是人sb. pays/paid +钱 for sth.spend主语是人sb. spend(s) money/time on sth./(in) doing sthtake常用it作形式主语It takes/took sb. +时间 to do sth.to do sth.9. It is +adj. + for sb. of sb. 若形容词表示事物特征时，如difficult, easy ,important ,interesting ,necessary ,hard等，用介词for; 当表示人物性格、品质时，如good, nice, kind, clever, foolish,rude 等，用介词of.eg： It is difficult for you to do math homework. It is kind of you to dress my sister every morning.10.how long询问时间或长度，答语常用“For+时间段”how far询问距离，表示“多远”how often“多久一次”，询问频率how soon“多久一次”，询问时间，答语常用“in+时间段”how many“多少”，询问可数名词数量how much“多少”，询问不可数名词数量和价格11. 宾语从句的复合句：从句要用陈述语序eg：Could you tell me how he goes to school. He wants to know where Tom lives.12. “数词+名词（+形容词）”，名词用单数形式eg：an 8-year-old boy a two-month holiday13.leave v. “离开；动身” left（过去式）1) leave for+地点 表示“动身去某地”eg：I am leaving for London next week.2) leave+地点+for+地点 表示“离开某地去某地”Unit 4 Dont eat in class.1. practice v.“练习，训练”,其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语practice doing sth. “练习做某事”2. 对某人要求严格：be strict with sb. 对(做)某事严格要求：be strict in (doing) sth.3. “做某事很开心”：have fun doing sth.= have a good/great time doing sth.= enjoy oneself (in) doing sth. relaxing adj. “令人放松的”，修饰物relaxed adj. “感到放松的”，修饰人relax v. “使放松”4.5. 辨析：arrive，reach与getarrive不及物动词arrive in+大地方arrive at+小地方arrive in New Yorkarrive at the stationreach及物动词reach+地点reach here/home/thereget不及物动词get to+地点get to the park6. 辨析：too many，too much与much tootoo many“太多的”后接可数名词复数too much“太多的”后接不可数名词,还可修饰动词作状语much too“太.”修饰形容词或副词eg：There are too many flowers in the garden.I have too much homework this evening.He talks too much.The little boy is much too fat.Unit 5 Why do you like pandas?1.Lets do sth. “让我们做某事”，表示建议2.feel like doing sth. “想要做某事”eg：I feel like taking a rest.3. Why dont you +动词原形？ “为什么不做某事呢？”= Why not +动词原形？4. “one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数” 表示“最.之一”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 “one of +代词宾格” 表示“.之一”eg：One of them is good at English.Kung Fu Panda is one of the most interesting films.5.be in (great) danger “处于(极大)的危险中”6.forget（remember）to do sth. “忘记（记得）去做某事” forget（remember）doing sth. “忘记（记得）做过某事”7.辨析：be made of，be made from，be made in和be made bybe made of由.制成（看得出原材料）be made from由.制成（看不出原材料）be made in在.制造（in后常接表示地点的名词）be made by由.制造（by用来强调动作的执行者）eg：The kite is made of paper.The paper is made from wood.The car is made in Beijing.The chair is made by my father.8. 否定疑问句：常表示反问、责备或说话人的看法和惊异的情绪，意为“难道.不.吗？”结构：“连系动词be/助动词/情态动词的否定形式+主语+其他？”eg：Isnt the panda from China？ 难道那只熊猫不是来自中国的吗？Yes,it is. 不，它是。No,it isnt. 是的，它不是Doesnt he have a brother？ 难道他没有兄弟吗？Yes,he does. 不，他有。No,he doesnt. 是的，他没有。Unit 6 Im watching TV.1. 现在进行时：be + doing （详见七下课本P111）2. go to the movies 去看电影（美式）= see a filmgo to the cinema 去看电影（英式）3. go+v-ing形式，表示“去进行这一活动”eg：go swimming / shopping / fishing / camping / hiking / boating（划船）4. news：不可数名词，意为“新闻；消息”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。eg：The news is very important.5.使役动词：make，let，have 意为“使，让”make / have / let sb. do sth. “让某人做某事”6. “打电话”专用语小结：Whos that (speaking)？ 谁在讲话？May/Could I speak to .？ 请.接电话好吗？Is that.(speaking)？ 你是.吗？This is.(speaking). 我是.² 在系动词后，常跟形容词作表语7. 常见系动词类型归纳：be动词（am，is，are）感官动词（feel，look，smell，taste，sound，seem）“变得”（get，become，turn，grow）保持（keep，stay）eg：He felt ill yesterday.The food tastes delicious. It sounds good.8. 【倒装句】以here或there开头的句子，若主语是名词，句子要倒装，结构为“Here+be/动词+名词”，表示“这是.”eg：Here is your bike. Here comes the bus.若主语是代词，则句子不用倒装。结构为“Here+代词+be”eg：Here you are. 给你 Here it is. 它在这里 9. wish sb. sth. 祝愿某人某事 eg：I wish you success. wish (sb.) to do sth. 希望（某人）做某事 wish+that从句（虚拟语气） eg：I wish I could fly like a bird.10. hope to do sth. 希望做某事 hope+that从句11. 辨析：other，the other，others，another与the othersother“别的，其他的”，表示三者或三者以上的其他人或物，可以修饰单数或复数名词the other表示两者中的另一个，常用于“one.the other.”结构中，意为“一个.另一个.”another泛指三者或三者以上的另一个，其后可接单数名词others指剩余的另一些（并非全部），与some连用，表示“一些.其他的.”the others特指在一个范围内剩余的全部 eg：I have two pencils.One is red，_ is green.Many people are in the park.Some are singing，_ are dancing.There are 20 students in the classroom.15 are boys，_ are girls.12. many of. ： “.中的许多”,of后接代词的宾格，可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式eg：Many of us like the film. 我们中的很多人喜欢这部电影。 Many of her friends are girls. 她的朋友中有许多是女孩。Unit 7 Its raining！1. 询问天气的表达方式：Its rainy/cloudy/sunny/windyHows the weather in +地点？ =Whats the weather like in +地点？2. 雨下得很大：rain heavily3. 厨师；煮，烹调：cook 炊具：cooker4. 近来可好：Hows it going？= Hows everything？（后可跟介词短语with sb./sth.） 答语：Great 很好 / Pretty good 相当不错 / Not bad 还不错 / Just so so 一般般 / Terrible 太糟糕eg：Hows it going with Toms study？5. on a vacation “在度假” go on a vacation “去度假”6. just right for. “正好合适.”后接名词、代词或动名词形式eg：The hat is just right for you.The weather here is just right for walking.7. message：可数名词 意为“消息；信息”常用短语：take a message for sb. 为某人捎个口信 leave a message 留口信 give sb. a message 捎信给某人Unit 8 Is there a post office near here？1. there be句型：表示“某处有某人/物” （详见七下课本P114）就近原则there is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语there are+复数名词+地点状语eg：There _ a pen and two pencils in my pencil box.There _ 30 classes in our school.There _ still some milk in the fridge.2. 在中心大街：on Center Street 在花园街88号：at 88 Huayuan Street3. across：介词,“（从物体表面）穿过” across from. “在.对面”eg：Let's go across the bridge/street. （go across = cross）4.go/walk along. “沿着.走”5.in the neighborhood “在附近”6.crossing：名词，表示“十字路口”eg: Turn right/left at the +序数词+crossing. 在第几个十字路口右/左转sb. do sth. 看到/听到某人做某事的全过程sb. doing sth. 看到/听到某人正在做某事7.watch / see / hear 8. 动词不定式（短语），在句中作目的状语，可放在开头或结尾，表示“为了.”eg：_ (learn) English well,he needs a dictionary. He works day and night _ (get) the money. _(keep) healthy,we should eat more vegetables and fruit.9. 【归纳】后面常接动名词的动词（短语）喜欢、考虑不可避免（enjoy，consider，avoid）承认、放弃太冒险（admit，give up，risk）允许想象莫推延（permit，imagine，delay，put off）要求完成是期待（require，finish，look forward to）建议继续实践 （suggest，go on，practice）不禁原谅要坚持（cant help，excuse，insist on）继续介意使成功（keep on，mind，succeed in）10. 【归纳】后面常接不定式的动词（短语）1) 三个希望两答应：hope，wish，want，agree，promise2) 两个要求莫拒绝：demand，ask，refuse3) 设法学会做决定：manage，learn，decide4) 假装期待在选择：pretend，expect，choose5) 迫不及待做某事：cant wait 11.【归纳】后面可接不定式或动名词的动词remember（forget） to do / remember（forget） doing mean to do / mean doing 打算去做某事/意味着.go on to do / go on doing 接着做另一件事/继续不停做某事try to do / try doing 努力(尽力)做某事/ 尝试做某事stop to do / stop doing 停下来去做另一件事/停止正在做的事regret to do / regret doing 遗憾要做某事（未做）/后悔做过某事Unit 9 What does he look like？1. 询问某人的外貌：What does/do . look like？ “.长什么样” 回答：“主语+be+形容词/介词短语”eg：He is tall / of medium build（height）.“主语+has/have+形容词+名词” eg：He has short hair.2. 询问某人的性格或品质：What is .like？ “.是个什么样的人”eg:Whats he like？ He is very kind and friendly.3.sb. have / has +长短+直卷+颜色+hair.eg：She has long curly brown hair.4./修饰不可数名词修饰可数名词表肯定含义a little（有点儿）a few（有几个）表否定含义little（几乎没有）few（几乎没有）5.有关put的短语：put on 穿上（衣服） put away 放好，把.收起来 put down 放下，写下 put up 张贴；举起；搭建in heightput off 推迟，阻止 put out 熄灭；出版tall6.描述某人或某物的高度：sb.+be+数字+meters/feet eg：He is two meters in height.= He is two meters tall.Unit 10 Id like some noodles.1. 可数名词的复数变化规则：一般情况下，直接在词尾加s以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i再加es以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词，加es以o结尾的名词，有生命的加es，无生命的加s以f，fe结尾的词，变f，fe为ves2. would like (sb.) to do sth. “想要(某人)做某事”Would you like.？Yes,please. / No,thanks.Would you like to do sth.？Yes,Id love to / Sorry,Id love to,but.3. 常见的不可数名词：beef，bread，butter(黄油)，milk，coffee，tea，rice，sugar，meat，soup，paper，furniture(家具)，money，advice，fun，information(信息)，progress(进步)，homework，change(零钱)等4. 形容词修饰不定代词，要后置。eg：something special something interesting / new5. be popular with 受.欢迎 get popular 变得流行意为“鱼”,可数名词，单复数同形；若指不同种类的鱼，则为fishes.意为“鱼肉”，不可数名词6.fishthe number of “.的数量”，后跟名词复数，谓语动词用单数a number of “许多.”，后跟名词复数，谓语动词用复数 7.eg：The number of students in our school _ 500. A number of students _ playing football.8.有关cut的短语：cut up 切碎 cut down 砍倒；削减 cut off 切断；中断 cut in 插嘴9. If 引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，即“主将从现”。eg：If it rains tomorrow，we will not go to the zoo.Unit 11 How was your school trip？1. 散步：go for a walk = take a walk2. 一般过去时 （详见七下课本P112） 捡起；拿起（某物）（用车）接 pick sb. up收拾，整理3. pick up 4. 英语中以ly结尾的词是形容词：lovely（可爱的）lonely（孤独的）lively（生机勃勃的）ugly（丑陋的） friendly（友好的）daily（每日的）weekly（每周的）likely（可能的）5. be interested in doing sth. “对做某事感兴趣”interest名词“兴趣”places of interest（名胜古迹）interested形容词“有趣的”，主语是物interesting形容词“有趣的”，主语是人6.Thanks for. “谢谢.”= Thank you for. for后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，表示感谢的内容或原因。eg：Thanks for your help. Thanks for inviting me.Unit 12 What did you do last weekend？1. tired：形容词 “疲倦的；厌烦的”eg：be tired of doing sth. “对.感到厌烦”2. 常见的动词+er构成的名词：playplayer （运动员） singsinger teachteacherworkworker drivedriver traintrainer（训练员）常见的动词+or构成的名词：visitvisitor（参观者） inventinventor（发明家）collectcollector（收藏者） actactor（男演员）3. 【感叹句】Ø how+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）！eg：How happy they look！ How well she sings！Ø how+主语+谓语！eg：How time flies！ 时光飞逝Ø how+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词（+主语+谓语）！eg：How beautiful a girl (she is)！v What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）！eg：What a lovely dog (it is)！v What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！eg：What terrible weather it is！What expensive watches (they are)！4. 反意疑问句：表示提出看法，问对方同意与否。前肯后否eg:Your mother goes to work every day,doesnt she？ Yes,she does. 是的 No,she doesnt.不是前否后肯 Your father isnt a teacher,is he？Yes,he is. 不，他是老师 No,he isnt. 是的，他不是老师² 人称代词单复数   人称单 数复 数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主 格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾 格meyouhimheritusyou