毕业论文外文翻译-基于互联网的连锁企业的物流管理系统.doc
An internet-based logistics management system for enterprise chainsN. Prindezis, C.T. KiranoudisSchool of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University, 15780 Athens, GreeceReceived 13 September 2003; received in revised form 20 December 2003; accepted 27 January 2004Available online 10 December 2004 .Developing the internet-based application toolWeb services offer new opportunities in business landscape, facilitating a global marketplace where business rapidly create innovative products and serve customers better. Whatever that business needs is, Web services have the flexibility to meet the demand and allow to accelerate outsourcing. In turn, the developer can focus on building core competencies to create customer and shareholder value. Application development is also more efficient because existing Web services, regardless of where they were developed, can easily be reused.Many of the technology requirements for Web services exist today, such as open standards for business to-business applications, mission-critical transaction platforms and secure integration and messaging products. However, to enable robust and dynamic integration of applications, the industry standards and tools that extend the capabilities of to days business-to-business interoperability are required. The key to taking full advantage of Web services is to understand what Web services are and how the market is likely to evolve. One needs to be able to invest in platforms and applications today that will enable the developer to quickly and effectively realize these benefits as well as to be able to meet the specific needs and increase business productivity.Typically, there are two basic technologies to be implemented when dealing with internet-based applications; namely server-based and client-based. Both technologieshave their strong points regarding development of the code and the facilities they provide. Server-based applications involve the development of dynamically created web pages. These pages are transmitted to the web browser of the client and contain code in the form of HTML and JAVASCRIPT language. The HTML part is the static part of the page that contains forms and controls for user needs and the JAVASCRIPT part is the dynamic part of the page. Typically, the structure of the code can be completely changed through the intervention of web server mechanisms added on thetransmission part and implemented by server-based languages such as ASP, JSP, PHP, etc. This comes to the development of an integrated dynamic page application where user desire regarding problem peculiarities (calculating shortest paths, execute routing algorithms, transact with the database, etc.) is implemented by appropriately invoking different parts of the dynamic content of such pages. In server-based applications allcalculations are executed on the server. In client-based applications, JAVA applets prevail. Communication of the user is guaranteed by the well-known JAVA mechanism that acts as the medium between the user and code.Everything is executed on the client side. Data in this case have to be retrieved, once and this might be the time-consuming part of the transaction.In server-based applications, server resources are used for all calculations and this requires powerful server facilities with respect to hardware and software. Client-based applications are burdened with data transmission (chiefly related to road network data). There is a remedy to that; namely caching. Once loaded, they are left in the cache archives of the web browser to be instantly recalled when needed.In our case, a client-based application was developed. The main reason was the demand from the users point of view for personal data discretion regarding their clients. In fact, this information was kept secret in our system even from the server side involved.Data management plays major role in the good function of our system. This role becomes more substantial when the distribution takes place within a large and detailed road network like this of a major complex city. More specifically, in order to produce the proposed the routing plan, the system uses information about:l the locations of the depot and the customers within the road network of the city (their co-ordinates attached in the map of the city),l the demand of the customers serviced,l the capacity of the vehicles used,l the spatial characteristics of road segments of the net work examined,l the topography of the road network,l the speed of the vehicle, considering the spatial characteristics of the road and the area within of which is moved,l the synthesis of the company fleet of vehicles.Consequently, the system combines, in real time, the available spatial characteristics with all other information mentioned above, and tools for modelling, spatial, non-spatial, and statistical analysis, image processing forming a scalable, extensible and interoperable application environment.The validation and verification of addresses of customers ensure the accurate estimation of travel times and distances travelled. In the case of boundary in the total route duration, underestimates of travel time may lead to failure of the programmed routing plan whereas overestimates can lower the utilization of drivers andvehicles, and create unproductive wait times as well (Assad, 1991). The data corresponding to the area of interest involved two different details. A more detailed network, appropriately for geocoding (approximately 250,000 links) and a less detailed for routing (about 10,000 links). The two networks overlapped exactly. The tool that provides solutions to problems of effectively determining the shortest path, expressed in terms of travel time or distance travelled, within a specific road network, using the Dijkstras algorithm(Winston,1993). In particular, the Dijkstras algorithm is used in two cases during the process of developing the routing plan. In the first case, it calculates the travel times between all possible pairs of depot and customers so that the optimizer would generate the vehicle routes connecting them and in the second case it determines the shortest path between two involved nodes (depot or customer) in the routing plan, as this was determined by the algorithm previously. Due to the fact, that U-turn and left-,right-turn restrictions were taken into consideration for network junctions, an arc-based variant of the algorithm was taken into consideration (Jiang, Han, & Chen, 2002).The system uses the optimization algorithms mentioned in the following part in order to automatically generate the set of vehicle routes (which vehicles should deliver to which customers and in which order) minimizing simultaneously the vehicle costs and the total distance travelled by the vehicles This process involves activities that tend to be more strategic and less structured than operational procedures. The system helpsplanners and managers to view information in new way and examine issues such as:l the average cost per vehicle, and route,l the vehicle and capacity utilization,l the service level and cost,l the modification of the existing routing scenario by adding or subtracting customers.In order to support the above activities, the interface of the proposed system provides a variety of analyzed geographic and tabulated data capabilities. Moreover, the system can graphically represent each vehicle route separately, cutting it o? from the final routing plan and offering the user the capability for perceiving the road network and the locations of depot and customers with all details.基于互联网的连锁企业的物流管理系统N. Prindezis,C.T. Kiranoudis化工学院,国立技术大学,15780雅典,希腊收到2003年9月13日,在经修订的形式收到的2003年12月20号,接受2004年1月27日可在线 二四年十二月十日 发展基于互联网的应用工具Web服务提供的商业景观的新机会,促进全球市场在业务快速推出创新的产品和客户提供更好的服务。无论是企业需要的是,Web服务可以灵活地满足需求,并允许加速外包。反过来,开发人员可以专注于构建核心竞争力,创造客户和股东价值。应用程序开发,也更有效,因为现有的Web服务,无论他们在那里开发的,可以很容易地重用。 对网络服务的技术要求,很多今天存在的,如营业标准,业务应用,关键任务交易平台和安全的一体化和信息产品。不过,为使强大和动态系统的综合应用,行业标准和工具,扩大天的业务能力,对企业的互操作性是必需的。在采取了充分利用网络服务的关键是要了解什么是Web服务,以及如何在市场可能发生变化。人们需要能够在今天的平台和应用的投资,使开发人员快速而有效地实现这些好处,也能够满足特定需求,提高企业的生产力。 通常,有两种实施处理时,互联网的应用程序,即基于服务器和基本技术,基于客户的。这两种技术 有自己的长处对代码的发展和它们所提供的设施。服务器的应用程序涉及的动态创建的网页的发展。这些网页传送给客户端的网络浏览器和包含在HTML和JavaScript语言形式的代码。部分的HTML的网页,其中包含形式和用户需求和JavaScript的部分控制部分是静态页面的动态部分。通常情况下,代码的结构完全可以通过干预机制的Web服务器上的改变增加 传动部分和服务器实现基于如ASP,JSP,PHP和语言等,这涉及到一个综合的动态网页应用程序开发的用户希望有关问题的特殊性(计算最短路径,执行路由算法,处理与数据库,等)是通过适当援引这些网页的动态内容的不同部分。在基于服务器的所有应用 计算在服务器上执行。在客户端的应用程序,Java小程序为准。用户的通信保障由著名的JAVA的机制,充当用户的代码。一切都执行在客户端。在这种情况下的数据必须被检索,一次,这可能是费时的交易的一部分。在服务器的应用程序,服务器资源是所有计算中,这就要求有关的硬件和软件功能强大的服务器设施。基于客户端的应用程序与数据传输负担(主要是与道路网络数据)。有一个该补救方法,即缓存。一旦加载,他们留在Web浏览器的快取档案将在需要时立即召回。就我们而言,客户端的应用程序的开发。主要的原因是从有关个人资料的客户自行查看用户的用电量。事实上,这些信息是保密的,甚至在我们的系统从服务器涉及的方面。数据管理在我们的制度好职能的主要作用。这种作用变得更为实质性的分配时,需要在一个像一个大的城市大型复杂和详细的道路网进行。更具体地说,为了生产计划提出的路线,系统使用的信息:l 在城市道路网在车厂地点和客户(他们统筹重视在城市地图)接受服务的客户的需求,l 所用车辆的能力,l 的净工作道路部分的空间特征研究,l 道路网地形,l 车辆的速度,考虑到道路的空间特征和地区范围内的移动,l 该公司车队车辆的合成。因此,该系统结合实时,可用空间特征与上述其他所有信息,以及造型,空间,非空间,和统计分析工具,图像处理形成一个可伸缩,可扩展和可互操作的应用环境。验证和核查,确保客户的地址的旅行时间和旅行距离准确估计。在边界线的总时间的情况,可能导致低估了,而高估了编程路由计划可以降低司机的利用和失败的旅行时间车辆,并建立非生产性等待时间,以及(阿萨德,1991)。数据对应感兴趣的区域,涉及两个不同的细节。更详细的网络,适当地地理编码(约250,000链接)和更少的路由(约10,000个链接)详细。两个网络完全重叠。该工具提供了解决方案有效地确定最短路径问题,在旅行时间和旅行距离来计算,在一个特定的道路网络,利用Dijkstra算法(温斯顿,1993年)。特别是,Dijkstra算法是在两种情况下使用,在发展过程中的路由计划。在第一种情况,它计算之间的车厂和可能对所有客户的旅行时间,以便优化器将生成的车辆路线连接并在第二种情况下它决定了涉及两个节点(仓库或客户中)最短路径路由计划,因为这是确定先前的算法。由于这样的事实,即掉头和左,右转向限制是考虑到网络的路口,一个弧形的算法的变种考虑(江,韩,及陈,2002)。该系统使用的算法在以下部分中提到的优化,以自动生成车辆路线设置(即车辆应提供哪些客户的顺序),同时最大限度地减少车辆的费用和总距离行驶的车辆,这一过程涉及活动往往更具有战略性和业务程序不到结构。该系统可以帮助规划人员和管理人员,以查看新的方式的信息和研究的问题,例如:l 每辆车的平均成本,和路线,l 车辆和产能利用率,l 服务水平和成本,l 通过增加或减少客户现有的路由方案的修改。为了支持上述活动,拟议的系统接口提供了各种分析和列的地理数据功能。此外,该系统可以图形方式表示每辆汽车的路线分别削减它从最后的路由计划和为用户提供了感知的道路网络,并与所有细节车厂和客户的地点的能力。五分钟搞定5000字毕业论文外文翻译,你想要的工具都在这里!在科研过程中阅读翻译外文文献是一个非常重要的环节,许多领域高水平的文献都是外文文献,借鉴一些外文文献翻译的经验是非常必要的。由于特殊原因我翻译外文文献的机会比较多,慢慢地就发现了外文文献翻译过程中的三大利器:Google“翻译”频道、金山词霸(完整版本)和CNKI“翻译助手"。具体操作过程如下: 1.先打开金山词霸自动取词功能,然后阅读文献; 2.遇到无法理解的长句时,可以交给Google处理,处理后的结果猛一看,不堪入目,可是经过大脑的再处理后句子的意思基本就明了了; 3.如果通过Google仍然无法理解,感觉就是不同,那肯定是对其中某个“常用单词”理解有误,因为某些单词看似很简单,但是在文献中有特殊的意思,这时就可以通过CNKI的“翻译助手”来查询相关单词的意思,由于CNKI的单词意思都是来源与大量的文献,所以它的吻合率很高。 另外,在翻译过程中最好以“段落”或者“长句”作为翻译的基本单位,这样才不会造成“只见树木,不见森林”的误导。四大工具: 1、Google翻译: google,众所周知,谷歌里面的英文文献和资料还算是比较详实的。我利用它是这样的。一方面可以用它查询英文论文,当然这方面的帖子很多,大家可以搜索,在此不赘述。回到我自己说的翻译上来。下面给大家举个例子来说明如何用吧比如说“电磁感应透明效应”这个词汇你不知道他怎么翻译,首先你可以在CNKI里查中文的,根据它们的关键词中英文对照来做,一般比较准确。 在此主要是说在google里怎么知道这个翻译意思。大家应该都有词典吧,按中国人的办法,把一个一个词分着查出来,敲到google里,你的这种翻译一般不太准,当然你需要验证是否准确了,这下看着吧,把你的那支离破碎的翻译在google里搜索,你能看到许多相关的文献或资料,大家都不是笨蛋,看看,也就能找到最精确的翻译了,纯西式的!我就是这么用的。 2、CNKI翻译: CNKI翻译助手,这个网站不需要介绍太多,可能有些人也知道的。主要说说它的有点,你进去看看就能发现:搜索的肯定是专业词汇,而且它翻译结果下面有文章与之对应(因为它是CNKI检索提供的,它的翻译是从文献里抽出来的),很实用的一个网站。估计别的写文章的人不是傻子吧,它们的东西我们可以直接拿来用,当然省事了。网址告诉大家,有兴趣的进去看看,你们就会发现其乐无穷!还是很值得用的。 3、网路版金山词霸(不到1M): 4、有道在线翻译:翻译时的速度:这里我谈的是电子版和打印版的翻译速度,按个人翻译速度看,打印版的快些,因为看电子版本一是费眼睛,二是如果我们用电脑,可能还经常时不时玩点游戏,或者整点别的,导致最终SPPEED变慢,再之电脑上一些词典(金山词霸等)在专业翻译方面也不是特别好,所以翻译效果不佳。在此本人建议大家购买清华大学编写的好像是国防工业出版社的那本英汉科学技术词典,基本上挺好用。再加上网站如:google CNKI翻译助手,这样我们的翻译速度会提高不少。具体翻译时的一些技巧(主要是写论文和看论文方面) 大家大概都应预先清楚明白自己专业方向的国内牛人,在这里我强烈建议大家仔细看完这些头上长角的人物的中英文文章,这对你在专业方向的英文和中文互译水平提高有很大帮助。 我们大家最蹩脚的实质上是写英文论文,而非看英文论文,但话说回来我们最终提高还是要从下大工夫看英文论文开始。提到会看,我想它是有窍门的,个人总结如下: 1、把不同方面的论文分夹存放,在看论文时,对论文必须做到看完后完全明白(你重视的论文);懂得其某部分讲了什么(你需要参考的部分论文),在看明白这些论文的情况下,我们大家还得紧接着做的工作就是把论文中你觉得非常巧妙的表达写下来,或者是你论文或许能用到的表达摘记成本。这个本将是你以后的财富。你写论文时再也不会为了一些表达不符合西方表达模式而烦恼。你的论文也降低了被SCI或大牛刊物退稿的几率。不信,你可以试一试 2、把摘记的内容自己编写成检索,这个过程是我们对文章再回顾,而且是对你摘抄的经典妙笔进行梳理的重要阶段。你有了这个过程。写英文论文时,将会有一种信手拈来的感觉。许多文笔我们不需要自己再翻译了。当然前提是你梳理的非常细,而且中英文对照写的比较详细。 3、最后一点就是我们往大成修炼的阶段了,万事不是说成的,它是做出来的。写英文论文也就像我们小学时开始学写作文一样,你不练笔是肯定写不出好作品来的。所以在此我鼓励大家有时尝试着把自己的论文强迫自己写成英文的,一遍不行,可以再修改。最起码到最后你会很满意。呵呵,我想我是这么觉得的。