浅析高等职业院校高等数学课程改革刍议中英文对照.doc

浅析高等职业院校高等数学课程改革刍议中英文对照Analyses of higher mathematics in vocational college curriculum reform series.the contrast in both Chinese and English高等职业院校高等数学是重要的基础学科，也是多个专业的基础课，现在各种学科尤其是理工科的发展需要数学学科建设，高等数学作为一个传统学科，必然有其历史留下的弊端，尤其是在课程内容、教学模式、教学方法等方面存在一些问题。而这些问题通过课程改革就能迎刃而解。高等数学的课程改革主要以工学结合为导向，实践应用为突破口，着重培养学生的创新能力和岗位实践能力。Of higher mathematics in vocational college is an important basic subject, is also a multiple professional basic course, now all kinds of disciplines, especially the development of science and engineering need math subject construction, higher mathematics, as a traditional discipline, must have the disadvantages of its history, especially in the course content, teaching mode and teaching method has some problems. And through curriculum reform can solve these problems. Higher mathematics curriculum reforms mainly with work-integrated learning as the guide, practical application as the breakthrough point, focus on cultivating students' innovation ability and practice ability. 高等数学对学生后继课程的学习和思维素质的培养起着重要作用。但是，美中不足的是，许多年以来，落后的教学内容和教学方式根本无法满足各学科发展和工程技术实践对数学的要求，而这些实践能力和职业能力的实施与数学教育是分不开的。为了实现培养创新能力的高级人才目标，提高高等职业院校学生的职业能力、操作能力等素质能力的培养，对数学教育进行改革已经成为十分紧迫的问题。而提高学生综合能力，必须改革现有的数学课程的教学内容、教学模式、教学方法。Subsequent courses for students of higher mathematics plays an important role in the cultivation of learning and thinking quality. But the only fly in the ointment is that for many years, the backward teaching content and teaching methods can not satisfy the interdisciplinary development of mathematics and engineering practice, and the implementation of these practical ability and professional ability and mathematics education are inseparable. To achieve senior talent fostering innovative ability goal, improve vocational colleges students' profession ability, operating ability, etc. The cultivation of the quality and ability, to reform mathematics education has become a very urgent problem. And improve the students' comprehensive ability, must reform the existing mathematics teaching content, teaching mode, teaching method. 1 高等数学课程内容的改革1 the reform of the higher mathematics course content 目前，高等职业院校开设的高等数学作为一门重要的基础课程，对学生今后专业课程的学习和素质的培养起着重要的作用，但从教材的选择上看，目前国内的高等数学教材千篇一律，改动的地方少而又少，有些理论和观点甚至是几十年前的，因此这样的教材没有跟上时代的要求，没有与时俱进，不能及时掌握和了解数学的最新动态。理论过时还在沿用。这样学生掌握不到最新的知识，因此学起来非常被动。另外，从学校的教学改革上，数学的教学内容和计划课时并没有发生根本性的变化，常年都是一样的东西，知识的陈旧，挫伤了学生的积极性，进而严重影响了教学质量和教学效果。At present, higher vocational colleges opened as an important basic course of higher mathematics, for the future professional course learning and quality of student training plays an important role, but looked from the choice of teaching materials, the current domestic advanced mathematics teaching material of machine-made, where changes less and less, and some theories and views, and even a few decades ago, this material didn't keep up with the request of the ages, did not keep pace with The Times, can't timely to master and grasp the newest trend of mathematics. Outdated theory is still in use. So can't the students master the latest knowledge, it is very passive to learn so. In addition, from the school on the teaching reform of mathematics teaching content and the plan does not have fundamental change, all the year round is the same thing, old knowledge, dampened the enthusiasm of students, which seriously affected the teaching quality and teaching effect. 2 高等数学教学模式的改革2. The reform of higher mathematics teaching 教学模式是采用什么培养目标和手段教学。尤其是培养目标决定了教学模式。培养目标中的岗位培养目标是这几年新提出来的。就是学生毕业后参加工作所具备的能力。岗位能力的培养这些年一直是热点问题，也是各高校非常重视的问题。例如可以采用工学结合的教学模式。即在工作中学习，在学习中工作。工学结合是结合工作的学习，是将知识学习、能力训练、工作经历结合在一起的一种教育模式。即学习的内容是工作，通过工作实现学习。这里的工与学是相关联的，“工”是手段，“学”是目的。周济部长曾指出：“推进工学结合、勤工俭学的人才培养模式，探索适应经济社会快速发展的具有中国特色的职业教育发展思路，已经成为当前职业教育改革与发展的突出问题。职业教育战线要提高认识，积极探索，大胆实践，逐步将技能型人才培养模式转变到工学结合、勤工俭学的路子上来，与产业部门和企业一道，共同构建充满活力、富有效率、互利共赢的具有中国特色的职业教育人才培养模式，把我国职业教育的改革与发展推向一个新的阶段。”随着高校的规模不断扩大和专业课相比较而言，基础学科越来越不受到重视，学生数学水平的差异越来越大，造成同一个老师讲课，同一个教室听课，有的学生意犹未尽，有的学生不尽如意。另一方面，由于工作量增大，教学方法和手段落后，工作效率低下等原因，造成教师大量时间反复忙于备课、上课、批改作业，这种局面严重影响了教学质量和效果。为了避免这样的情况可以在实际教学中采取多项目教学模式，把高等数学分为两个项目：基础项目和专业实践项目。基础项目教学内容的设定是以保证满足各专业对数学的要求为依据，讲授的是最基本的内容。专业实践项目应是由从事高等数学教学的教师确定，同时参考其他系的专业教师意见针对不同的专业设置不同的项目。比如，工民建专业，需要多开设一些和识图、画图相关的数学知识，工程造价专业侧重于计算类的数学知识。这样，数学水平不一样的学生可以选择学习基础项目或专业实践项目。学生可以根据自身的情况和专业的情况来选择学习的内容做到有的放矢，和专业、毕业岗位联系紧密。开设高等数学这门课的目的就可以实现。Training objectives and teaching model is to use what means to teaching. Especially the training goal decides the teaching mode. Training objectives of the post training goal is a new proposed in recent years. Is the student to have the ability to work after graduation. Post ability over the years has always been a hot topic, is also each college attaches great importance to the problem. Such as the work-integrated learning teaching model can be used. Learn on the job, work in the study. Work-integrated learning is the combining work and study, combine the knowledge learning, ability training, work experience with a kind of education mode. Which is the content of study work, learning through work implementation. Workers is associated with learning, here is "work" means, "learning" is the purpose. Alms minister once pointed out: "promoting work-integrated learning personnel training mode of work-study programme, and explore to adapt to the rapid development of economy and society with Chinese characteristics of vocational education development, has become the outstanding problems of the current vocational education reform and development. Vocational education front to raise awareness, and actively explore, bold practice, gradually transforming the skilled personnel training mode into the path of work-integrated learning, work-study programs, and industry departments and enterprises to jointly build a dynamic, efficient and mutually beneficial and win-win with Chinese characteristics of vocational education personnel training mode, to push China's vocational education reform and development to a new stage." As expanding the size of the colleges and universities and specialized courses in comparison, the basic subjects less and less attention, differences in the levels of student mathematics is more and more big, cause the same teacher, same the classroom, some students wanting more, some students are not satisfied. On the other hand, due to the workload increase, teaching methods and means lag behind, low work efficiency, caused the teacher a lot of time is busy preparing, class, corrects students' papers over and over again, this situation seriously affected the teaching quality and effect. In order to avoid such a situation may adopt multiple projects in the actual teaching teaching mode, put the higher mathematics is divided into two projects: based projects, and professional practice. Infrastructure projects teaching content set is to ensure that meet the requirements of each major in mathematics as the basis, teaching is the most basic content. Professional practice projects should be determined by teachers of higher mathematics, and to refer to other department of teachers' professional advice different projects for different professional Settings. For example, diploma, need to open some more mathematical knowledge and knowledge chart, drawing, project cost professional focus on the mathematical knowledge to calculate the class. Is not the same as the mathematical level in this way, students can choose learning based projects, or professional practice. Students can according to own condition and the professional situation to select the learning contents to dispose, closely linked to professional, graduate jobs. To open higher mathematics can achieve the purpose of this course. 3 高等数学教学方法的改革3 the reform of the higher mathematics teaching method 近年来，我们的高等数学教学一直徘徊在传统与现代之间，传统的教学手段相对滞后，一本书一只粉笔加一块黑板，而且教师一言堂，以自我为中心，在黑板上不断进行演练和计算，忽视学生的感受，本来高等数学就有些枯燥，极易造成学生不愿听讲，这种方法更不利于学生专业素质的提高和创新的培养。而改进传统的教学方法，使用新的教学方法是当务之急。我认为应从以下几个方面入手改善我们的数学教学方法。Higher mathematics teaching in recent years, we have been wandering between tradition and modern, the traditional teaching means relatively backward, a book a chalk and blackboard, and teachers are centralized, self-centered, ongoing practice and calculation on the blackboard. Ignore the students' feelings, and I will be some higher mathematics dry, easy to cause the students don't want to listen, this method is more conducive to the improvement of students' professional quality and the cultivation of the innovation. And improve the traditional teaching methods, the use of the new teaching method is the top priority. I think from the following several aspects to improve our mathematics teaching methods. 3.1 使用现代化的教学手段3.1 the use of modern teaching means 要开展计算机辅助教学设计、数学模型的教学、数学竞赛，增加学生的兴趣，提高学生独立思考的能力。运用计算机软件和多媒体投影设备，可以让数学变得更加生动、活泼，克服枯燥无味的缺点，加深学生对数学的领悟能力。这里尤其指出的是数学建模大赛。它的创立为全国大学生学习高等数学提供了前进的方向。全国大学生数学建模竞赛的竞赛宗旨是：创新意识，团队精神，重在参与，公平竞争。To develop the teaching of computer assisted instruction design, the mathematical model and math competition, increase students' interest, improve students' ability of independent thinking. Use computer software and multimedia projection equipment, can make a mathematics becomes more vivid, lively, get rid of disadvantages of dull, deepen students understanding of math ability. Especially pointed out here is that the mathematical modeling contest. It was created by the national college students' learning advanced mathematics provides a way forward. The national college students' mathematical modeling competition of the competition objective is: innovative consciousness, team spirit, to participate, fair competition. 中国大学生数学建模竞赛是全国高校规模最大的课外科技活动之一。该竞赛每年9月（一般在中旬某个周末的星期五至下周星期一共3天，72小时）举行，竞赛面向全国大专院校的学生，不分专业。全国大学生数学建模竞赛是教育部高等教育司和中国工业与应用数学学会共同主办的面向全国大学生的群众性科技活动，目的在于激励学生学习数学的积极性，提高学生建立数学模型和运用计算机技术解决实际问题的综合能力，鼓励广大学生踊跃参加课外科技活动，开拓知识面，培养创造精神及合作意识，推动大学数学教学体系、教学内容和方法的改革。数学建模大赛已成为现代高等数学教学不可忽视的手段。The Chinese college students' mathematical modeling competition is one of the largest extracurricular activities of science and technology in national colleges and universities. The competition in September of each year (generally in the middle of a weekend Friday next week to week 3 days in total, 72 hours), a competition for students of colleges and universities across the country, regardless of major. Higher JiaoYuSi national college students' mathematical contest in modeling is the ministry of education and the Chinese society for industrial and applied mathematics jointly sponsored by the national college students' mass organizations of science and technology activities, the purpose is to motivate the enthusiasm of students learning mathematics, improve students' mathematical model is established and the comprehensive ability to use computer technology to solve practical problems, encourage students to take part in the extracurricular activities of science and technology, expand the aspect of knowledge, cultivate creative spirit and cooperation consciousness, promote the university mathematics teaching system, teaching content and method reform. Mathematical modeling contest has become a modern means of higher mathematics teaching can not be ignored. 3.2 大力开展实践教学3.2 to strengthen the practice teaching 以前我们认为高等数学和中小学数学一样，就是大量做题，离不开书本，我们恰恰忽视了社会实践的作用，学习数学知识的最终目的和其他学科一样是学会应用，在实践中培养数学意识。需要教师把数学知识运用到实践活动中去。让学生接触社会，接触问题，为学生思考、探索、发现和创新，提供最大的空间。例如，数控技术专业的学生，在专业实习的过程中，首先，结合数学基本的知识，应用AUTOCAD绘图软件，进行绘制图形，然后，进行加工计算然后固定毛坯材料。Before we think of higher mathematics and elementary and middle schools mathematics, is a lot to do, leave the books, we just ignored the role of social practice, the ultimate goal of learning mathematics knowledge as well as other subjects is to apply, cultivate consciousness of mathematics in practice. Teachers need to apply the mathematics knowledge into practice. Let students to contact society, contact problem, exploration, discovery and innovation thinking, for students, providing the largest space. Numerical control technology professional students, for example, in the process of professional practice, first of all, combined with the mathematical basic knowledge, application of AUTOCAD drawing software, drawing graphics, then, then fixed blank material processing. 总之，高等数学的改革终究是为了一个目的，即培养学生的实践能力，提高学生的岗位认知能力和操作能力，这是一个系统工程，还需要付出更多的努力。Is all in all, the reform of higher mathematics for a purpose, namely to cultivate the students' practical ability, improve the students' cognitive ability and operation ability, it is a systems engineering, and also need to pay more efforts.