湖南高考完型填空二命题风格与解题策略英语训练.docx

湖南高考完型填空二命题风格与解题策略考纲解读“湖南高考说明”就完型填空二的措辞是：“本节要求考生根据上下文，在每个空格处填入一个适当的单词。短文补足后，要求意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。本节侧重考查考生的语感以及语言的衔接、连贯、结构等语言知识运用的能力。”分析此措辞可以得知： 1从考查的内容看， 除考查词汇外， 还考查功能语法，即侧重于考查英语词汇在篇章中的交际功能。从而要求考生具有一定的语言知识实际运用能力。具体地说，要求考生具备：(1)阅读与理解语篇的能力。(2)分析句子结构的能力。学生应学会正确分析句子结构，能抓住句子主干的同时，还要能区分主从句的层次。(3)熟练运用语法的能力。 2从题型的形式看， 只给出空缺， 没有选项， 要求学生根据语境和自身已有的语法与词汇知识来填空， 这对学生的语言知识的提取和运用提出了更高的要求。 命题风格 完形填空第二节为语篇填空题，要求阅读一篇150左右的小短文，根据上下文在不给出任何提示的前提下填入适当的单词。短文体裁灵活多样，有记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文等。其考查内容非常广泛，主要考查点为：(1)考查学生对语篇和逻辑关系的把握情况，主要是形容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词等功能词汇；(2)考查学生对习语、短语词组或常见句式掌握的熟练程度。原文通常只给出习语、句式或短语的一部分，检验学生在句子中能否识别出这个短语、句式或习语；(3)考查学生对词义的推断能力和常识判断能力。这方面主要涉及实词，如名词、动词、形容词、副词等。要求通过分析上下文语境来判断语意和词汇形式。总的来说，此题考查偏重虚词(以介词、冠词、连词为主)，而轻实词。解题策略在做完形填空第二节的时候， 学生不但应该通篇考虑， 掌握文章的内容和主题， 而且还应该合理地运用已学的语法知识得出正确的结论。探究点一虚词型填空 完形填空第二节考查虚词为主。在8个空之中考查虚词运用的情况多至4-5空，主要考查、冠词、介词、并列连词、从句引导词(即名词性从句、定语从句或状语从句的引导词) it的虚指用法。答好虚词型试题要求考生具有较强的语境推理能力，扎实的语法基础知识，丰富的词汇及句型搭配和较强的英语语感。具体地说，解答虚词型填空试题的常见技巧如下：1冠词 如果该空位于单数可数名词或“形容词 单数可数名词”之前，考虑用冠词(a/an/the)或形容词性物主代词。此外，也要掌握一些有关冠词的固定搭配。 【典例1】 We must not only use our knowledge and abilities to manage the Earth, but to make the Earth_55_ safe and healthy place where all animals and plantsincluding humans ourselvescan live. 【解析】 该空后形容词safe和healthy所修饰的place为单数可数名词，由此判断此空填冠词。由语境可知此处表泛指，故填a。（2010年湖南省高考英语考纲样题）【典例2】A dog is his best friend for 54 child when he has no friends to play with.【解析】 该空为位于单数可数名词child前，由此判断此空填冠词,由语境可知此处表泛故填a。（2010年湖南省高考适应性测试）【典例3】Sometimes it is necessary for a parent to write 49 after-school note for their children【解析】 该空后形容词after-school所修饰的note为单数可数名词，由此判断此空填冠词。由语境可知此处表泛指，故填an。（2010年湖南省高考英语题）【典例4】I remember taking _48_ English class in college on the short story.【解析】 该空后形容词English所修饰的class为单数可数名词，由此判断此空填冠词。由语境可知此处表泛指，故填an。（2011年湖南省高考英语题）2. 介词 如果该空位于“限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格、数词)形容词 名词”之前，或该空位于动词和名词或代词之间，则可考虑用介词。此外也要注意“系动词形容词介词名词或代词”结构。【典例1】 She first painted only to please herself, and then began to sell her works _50_a little money. 【解析】 该空位于“a little money”之前，可初步判断填介词。根据语境可判断此处表示出售作品的目的是为了赚钱，故填for。【典例2】Some people keep dogs to protect themselves from robbery. But the most important reason is 53 companionship. （2010年湖南省高考适应性测试）【解析】 该空位于名词“companionship”之前，可初步判断填介词。根据语境可判断此处表示养狗的目的是为了陪伴，故填for。【典例3】For one thing, parents have time to think about what they want to say before they write. 53 another, the note lists all the information in one place.【解析】 该空前句For one thing，一方面可知，根据语境可判断此处表示另一方面(for another)，可判断填介词for。（2010年湖南省高考英语题）【典例4】Going to college helps build a strong mind, which leads _55_ greater success in ones life. 【解析】，根据语境可判断此处该空lead to（导致）为固定词组，可判断填介词to。（2011年湖南省高考英语题）【典例5】All of these activities take resources and habitats away _ plants and animals. （2010年湖南省高考英语考纲样题）【解析】，根据语境可判断此处该空take away from 为固定词组，可判断填介词from.3并列连词 如果该空在句中并列连接两个成分或句子，并列连接两个词或短语，则用并列连词。常考查的并列连词有： (1)表转折、对比关系的并列连词：but, while, whereas；表让步转折意义的副词：nevertheless, however, though，anyway，anyhow，yet。 (2)表因果关系的并列连词：so, thus，for(因为)；表示因果意义的副词：therefore。(3)表选择关系的并列连词：or(或者；否则), eitheror；表选择意义的副词：otherwise。 (4)表并列关系的并列连词：and, bothand, not onlybut also, as well as, neithernor。 (5)表“就在这时”的并列连词：when。【典例1】 It is still true that a dog is the most useful and faithful animal in the world, 50 the reason why people keep a dog has changed.【解析】，根据语境可判断此处并列连接两个成分或句子,表转折关系，可判断填并列连词but。（2010年湖南省高考适应性测试）【典例2】 They sometimes put the note on the kitchen table, the refrigerator, 50 another place where their children are sure to find it.【解析】，根据语境可判断此处连接两个并列成分,表选择关系,可判断填并列连词or(或者；)（2010年湖南省高考英语题）【典例3】_One_ was rich in mclaohor（隐喻）and character development, while the other was humorous _53_ too shallow.【解析】，根据语境可判断此处并列连接两个成分humorous和 too shallow,表转折关系,可判断填并列连词but.（2011年湖南省高考英语题）4从句引导词(即名词性从句、定语从句或状语从句的引导词)。1）:如果该空引导的从句置于句首且整个从句在句中作主语，则考虑用主语从句的引导词；如果该空引导的从句置于系动词之后，则考虑用表语从句的引导词；如果该空引导的从句置于动词或介词之后，则考虑用宾语从句的引导词，其中考得较多的名词性从句的引导词是what, whatever, that, whether, where, why。【典例1】For one thing, parents have time to think about 52 they want to say before they write.【解析】，根据语境可判断此处引导的从句置于动词短语think about之后，则考虑用宾语从句的引导词what，而且在从句中作动词say的宾语。( 2010年湖南省高考)【典例2】I dont quite understand _ they are so mad about the childish game. Maybe they are just not confident enough to face the real world. 【解析】 该空引导的从句置于动词understand之后且作的宾语，故可判断它引导一个宾语从句。根据后一句的意思可推断我很不明白他们为什么如此着迷于该幼稚的游戏，故填why。【典例3】Over the _next_ several months, my professor taught me _51_ one story was so much better than the other（2011年湖南省高考英语题）【解析】 该空引导的从句置于动词taught me 之后且作的宾语，故可判断它引导一个宾语从句,根据后一句的意思可推断填why。2):如果该空引导的从句位于句首或位于句末，且前后句之间没有并列连词，此时可考虑用引导状语从句的引导词，常考的引导词有：because, as, when, before, after, though, although, while, where, if, since, so/suchthat等。【典例1】 _she had not lost her precious belongs, she could have lost something far more importanther life! 【解析】 该空引导从句置于句首，且两句之间无并列连词，可判断该空引导状语从句。根据句意可判断填if引导虚拟条件句【典例2】Parents are busy people. If they are working, they are usually not at home 48their children return from school. 【解析】该空引导的从句位于句末，且前后句之间没有并列连词，此时可考虑用引导状语从句的引导词when/ after。( 2010年湖南省高考)【典例3】Human activity often changes or destroys the habitats that plants and animals need to survive_50_human populations are growing so fast.【解析】该空引导的从句位于句末，且前后句之间没有并列连词，此时可考虑用引导原因状语从句的引导词because /as/since。【典例4】animals and plants are disappearing many times faster _51_they have in the past 65 million years.【解析】该空引导的从句位于句末，且前后句之间没有并列连词，此时根据faster可考虑引导比较状语从句的引导词than3）如果该空引导的从句置于名词之后，则可考虑两种情况，一是引导同位语从句，常见的名词有fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等，同位语从句补充说明这些名词的内容；考查引导同位语从句较多的引导词是that, whether，这两个引导词在从句中均不作成分。二是引导定语从句，此时定语从句修饰或限制它前面的名词，常考查的是关系代词that, which, who, whom, as和关系副词when, where, why。【典例1】 The news _ we won the game is exciting. 【解析】 该空引导的从句置于名词news之后且具体说明news的内容，可判断该空引导同位语从句。由句意可推断填that。【典例2】 As soon as a child begins school, he enters a world of examination_ will decide his future of job. 【解析】 该空引导的从句置于名词examination之后并修饰examination，由此推断它引导的是一个定语从句。根据其在从句中作主语，且先行词指物，故填which或that。【典例3】Humans are responsible for causing changes in the environment _ hurt animals and species. 【解析】分析句子结构可知该空引导定语从句修饰changes，且在从句中作主语，由此可推断此处填which或that。（2010年湖南省高考英语考纲样题）5 it的虚指用法，主要指it作形式主语或形式宾语及用以构成强调句型的用法。【典例1】 48 is still true that a dog is the most useful and faithful animal in the world, but the reason why people keep a dog has changed。（2010年湖南省高考适应性测试）【解析】分析句子结构可知该空考查it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正主语。探究点二实词型填空 完形填空第二节在8个空之中考查实词运用常为34空，常见为形容词、副词和代词。一般来说，考查实词之处颇具情景性，即与语境有关，要求根据上下文逻辑的发展关系进行推断。因此，正确解答实词型，弄懂短文大意至关重要。正确解答实词型填空，一要注意判断词性，即根据句子的结构和功能，判断是用形容词还是副词；如果修饰名词，前面多用形容词或偶用名词或名词所有格作定语；修饰动词或整个句子通常用副词；作主语或宾语通常用代词；作系动词的表语通常用形容词而不用副词；作定语用形容词或相当于形容词的短语或分句。二要注意判断词形形容词要看是用原级，还是比较级、最高级。代词则要考虑用主格还是宾格等。解答实词型填空试题的常见技巧如下：1.形容词:如果修饰名词，前面多用形容词【典例1】 It is still true that a dog is the _ useful and faithful animal in the world. （2010年湖南省高考适应性测试）【解析】 该空在句中作形容词useful and faithful修饰名词animal, 判断词形,形容词要用最高级，所以此处填 most.【典例2】 For young couples, a dog is their child when they have 55 children（2010年湖南省高考适应性测试）【解析】该空在句中作形容词修饰名词children判断词形要用形容词no.【典例3】A note is often a 51 way to "talk" with a child than using the telephone. （2010年湖南省高考英语题）【解析】 该空在句中修饰名词way，由此判断该空填的是形容词。根据后面的than using the telephone.可推断该空填比较级better. 【典例4】Over the _50_ several months, my professor taught me _why_ one story was so much better than the other. （2011年湖南省高考英语题） 【解析】 该空在句中形容词作定语修饰months 按照记叙文时间发展先后顺序，填形容词next，此题略有难度。【典例5】Animals and plants have always had a _52_time surviving ,animals became extinct in the past for a variety of reasons. （2010年湖南省高考英语考纲样题）【解析】该空在句中形容词作定语修饰time 根据后面的animals became extinct可推断该空填hard/difficult/tough.【典例6】In some cases, competition for resources among animals led to extinction and in _52_cases,environmental changes caused extinction.【解析】该空在句中形容词作定语修饰cases 根据前面的In some cases,可推断该空填other.2. 代词:作主语或宾语通常用代词【典例1】People often forget all the details that 54 hear in a telephone call.【解析】 该空在句中作主语，用代词they 代替People。（2010年湖南省高考英语题）【典例2】Yet, in a few months, my brain got reeducated and _54_ could see the difference between good and bad writing and could appreciate literature at a whole new level.【解析】此处填代词I，此句缺少主语，容易得出答案I。（2011年湖南省高考英语题）【典例3】We pollute habitats. _illegally hurt and kill animals.【解析】此处填代词We，此句缺少主语，根据上下文容易得出答案用代词we（2010年湖南省高考英语考纲样题）解答步骤完形填空第二节可采用如下步骤解答此题： 第一步：通读全文， 理解大意 考生应该迅速地浏览全文， 以便了解全文主旨。首先， 应该特别注意文章的首尾句。通常文章会在首句给出一个提纲挈领或提供背景信息的句子， 在尾句表明自己的观点；其次，要注意一些关键词语或句子， 特别是涉及人物、时间、地点、原因、经过、结果的词句； 此外，还应该善于从文章的逻辑结构、上下文联系中挖掘作者的观点和态度第二步：尝试填空，各个击破 在理解短文主旨及上下文语境的基础上，理解挖空句的句意，分析其句子结构，动用已有语法知识，兼顾语法和意义，大胆猜测、各个击破。切记：每空要填的单词都可以在所在句或上下文中找到它的依据。第三步：再读检查， 修正错误 填好各空后， 再将文章复读一遍， 把已经填好的答案放在整篇文章中来检查，看其语法是否正确(词形是否用对？拼写是否有错？)，短文语意是否贯通。如果前后有矛盾或者句子不通顺， 证明有可能出现错误， 这时候就要重新予以考虑。真题演练Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using ONE word for each blank that best fits the contex2011·湖南 01 Does going to college really pay off？Certainly！I remember taking _48_ English class in college on the short story. Our frist assignment was to read _49_ short stones and then discuss which one was better. After reading both，I wasnt sure. Over the _50_ several months, my professor taught me _51_ one story was so much better than the other. _52_ was rich in mclaohor（隐喻）and character development, while the other was humorous _53_ too shallow. I couldnt see this at first. Yet, in a few months, my brain got reeducated and _54_ could see the difference between good and bad writing and could appreciate literature at a whole new level.Going to college helps build a strong mind, which leads _55_ greater success in ones life.【解析】【文章大意】本文一篇记叙文。作者通过记录自己在大学的一个片段，得出大学对于学生的重要作用。48. 答案。an，名词前缺少冠词修饰，留意English前的冠词应填an。49. 答案。two，后文的better，both以及the other均有所提示。50. 答案。next，按照记叙文时间发展先后顺序，填next，此题略有难度。51. 答案。why，教授告诉我的是如何判断一个比另一个更好，所以应填why。52. 答案。one，后文while the other给与提示。53. 答案。but，while前后对比得出答案。54. 答案。I，此句缺少主语，容易得出答案I。55. 答案。to，固定搭配lead to。2010·湖南 Parents are busy people. If they are working，they are usually not at home_1_ their children return from school. Sometimes it is necessary for a parent to write _2_ afterschool note for their children. They sometimes put the note on the kitchen table，the refrigerator，_3_ another place where their children are sure to find it.A note is often a _4_ way to “talk” with a child than using the telephone. For one thing，parents have time to think about _5_ they want to say before they write. _6_ another，the note lists all the information in one place. It is easy to read again and again. People often forget all the details that _7_ hear in a telephone call. Finally，cell phones can be turned _8_ or telephone calls not answered. For these reasons，after-school notes are very popular with parents【解析】【文章大意】本文一篇说明文。作者通过说明父母在家里给孩子留一张字条，以及它对于孩子的重要作用。1. when/after该空引导时间状语从句。句意为：当他们的孩子们放学回来的时候/以后，他们经常不在家。 2. an根据空后的单数可数名词note及afterschool可判断填an。 3. or该空填并列连词or并列三个名词，即“the kitchen table, the refrigerator, another place”。4. better由句意“便条是与孩子交流的更好方式”可判断填better。 5. what该空引导宾语从句且在从句中作say的宾语，故填what。 6. ForFor another为固定搭配，意为“另一方面”。 7. they该空在句中作主语且指代前面的people，故填they。 8. offturn off意为“关掉”，即：手机被关掉。专题训练01 One day when having lunch in a little café， I noticed an elderly couple having lunch at a table across the room. I must have looked over at them a few times _1_ my son asked me if I knew them. I replied that I didnt，_2_ they reminded me of my own grandparents. When the waitress came over, I asked her if she knew them. She said she did. She said it was _3_elderly mans birthday today. I wanted to do something for them so I told the waitress that I wanted to pay for _4_ lunch and gave her some money. Some time _5_， the elderly couple came over to thank us. They were so excited that someone had bought them lunch and wanted to meet my son and me. They said they were really cheered up by our gesture. My son was surprised that I had paid for this couple we didnt know and asked me _6_ I did it. I replied that my grandparents used to go out for lunch to celebrate their birthdays _7_ the same way, and _8_ just felt like the right thing to do to make this couple smile, especially on their birthday.1_2._3._4_5._6._7_8._ _02 Pleasant surprises always make me happy. _1_ is always nice to learn that someone was thinking of us and when they do something for us when we least expected, gives us happiness. When that happens to me, I try to do something for others.A couple of days ago, I was watching a movie with a few friends _2_ a thought came to my mind. One of my friends was moving house the next day and_3_decided to help him by devoting some of my time_4_ helping with the shifting. Then I had another thought, _5_ if he has a lot of stuff and it will be difficult for him to transport it?I shared this with a friend who was _6_ watching a movie. We decided to get a car and load everything in the car and give him _7_ surprise. We were excited and it all happened fantastically. The friend _8_ was moving was surprised with the gesture the next morning and was really happy. Lets all continue to spread kindness!1_2._3._4_5._6._7_8._03 You have possibly overheard a mom whisper to herself, “I wish my son was as good as his son in Math.” Or perhaps you heard your daughters best friend tell your daughter, “I wish my mom is as cool as your mom.”_1_ these things are no longer a surprise, it doesnt mean that it is a healthy thing to do. _2_， it means that we should find out why we blurt(突然说出) these things out _3_ a regular basis.We compare our families to others because other families look _4_ on the outside than our own families, _5_ is why comparing is so easy to do. Most of the time, we feel uncomfortable admitting_6_ ourselves that our families have problems. Actually, comparing families will not solve any problem. But if you stop comparing, you will realize _7_ wonderful your family is and you will see_8_ unique qualities. Not only that, you will also realize that your family is not as bad as you think, allowing you to solve family problems much easier. 1_2._3._ 4_5._6._ 7_8._（一）【解析】1because前后是果因关系，故用because引导原因状语从句。 2but前后是转折关系，故用but。3the the表特指_ 4their此处指老夫妻的中餐。 5latersome time later 一些时间后。 6why儿子问