超声波马达的应用毕业论文外文翻译.doc

滨江学院专业英语 课程论文题 目 The application of ultrasonic motors 专 业 电子信息工程 学生姓名 学 号 班 级 任课老师 二 一 四 年 六 月 八 日The application of Ultrasonic motors (June 2014)Ming li Electronic and Information Engineering 20112305923.INTRODUCTIONThe ultrasonic motor (Ultrasonic Motor) referred to: USM, was first used in the camera is the Canon EF series lenses. Earliest USM motor is equipped with a lens Canon EF 300/2.8L USM traditional motor works are based on electromagnetic principles, the electromagnetic energy is converted into rotational energy. USM is based on the use of ultrasonic vibration energy is converted into rotational energy of a new principle to work .THE DEFINATION OFAN ULTRASOINC MOTORThe human ear can hear the sound frequency range of about 20 Hz to 20 kHz, and more than 20 kHz is called ultrasonic frequency that the human ear does not recognize.So what exactly is the ultrasonic motor? The basic working principle and how? Simply put, the input voltage using a piezoelectric material will generate deformation characteristics, so that it can generate mechanical vibration of ultrasonic frequency, and then through the friction drive mechanism design, so that an ultrasonic motor as the electromagnetic motor ships do rotational movement or linear movement.Usually electromagnetic motor is running, we will feel the noise, because the internal structure of the motor vibration, the vibration frequency is exactly in the frequency range of our ears can feel. The vibration frequency of the ultrasonic motor is designed outside the range of the human ear can hear, so we feel there is no sound when it is running, and thus very quiet, which is a very important feature of ultrasonic motor.THE ORIGIN OFTHE ULTRASNIOC MOTORActually been using the vibration characteristics of piezoelectric materials before the advent of the ultrasonic motor to drive the piezoelectric motor, but their frequency is not limited to the ultrasonic range. As early as 1948, William and Brown on the application of the "the piezoelectric motor" U.S. patent; 1961 Bulova watch company developed a tuning fork-driven watches; one thousand nine hundred and seventy 1972 Siemens the development of linear piezoelectric stepping motor and Panasonic, but because they can not achieve large output power and efficiency, it was not universally applied.1973 IBM's Bart (HV Barth), first proposed the use of piezoelectric ultrasonic vibration components to drive the motor, but because of the wear on the problem, and the watch case, not only released in practical applications. Almost at the same time, the Russians VH Lavrinenko also designed some of the same motor as the driving principle structure; 1978 Vasiliev (PE Vasiliev) is the use of ultrasonic converter as a motor drive source, but did not develop a complete The motor structure. In 1980, Tian was born (Toshiiku Sashida) developed ultrasonic motor driven vibrating reed, with a more complete motor structure. At this point, the piezoelectric material generates ultrasonic vibration slowly began to develop the concept of the drive motor. Because of wear and temperature rise, these ultrasonic motor is still no practical application, but has a high-precision, low speed high torque characteristics.Tian was born in and the development of a new type of ultrasonic motor drive mode until 1982, has been designed taking into account the improvement of the wear, this is the first truly achieve the commercial applications of the ultrasonic motor, and the first application in the camera's autofocus system, which is currently the largest area of the ultrasonic motor.Canon EF autofocus lenses have built two motors, one for auto-focus, and the other is responsible for the electromagnetic aperture Canon autofocus motor three categories, curved motor (ARC FORM DRIVE, AFD), ultrasonic motor (ULTRASONIC Motor, USM) and micro-motors (MICRO MOTOR MM).An ultrasonic motor and the motor there is a great difference between the number of colors, regardless of the conventional motor, its general principle is that the electromagnetic force into rotational force, while the ultrasonic motor rotational force is generated in the ultrasonic vibration energy. As mentioned above, the ultrasonic motor of the ring and micro-ultrasonic motor two.Considerable diameter and tube diameter of the Annular ultrasonic motor stator and rotor can and barrel perfect combination The ultrasonic motor has the advantage in that: (a) due to its low speed and high torque characteristics, so that it can be driven directly on the lens without the need for additional speed reduction mechanism; positioning torque, in other words, when the motor stopped when the lens like brake automatically stops as the focus; structure is very simple; ability to control the start and stop is very good, it can quickly start can also be stopped immediately, and can be precisely controlled; V. operation is very quiet - almost silent. In addition, Canon's ring-type ultrasonic motor is also available in the following features: six of its high efficiency and low power consumption characteristics so that it can use the camera's battery powered; seven ring-shaped motor and lens barrel is very appropriate; 8. low rotation speed is ideal for the lens drive; nine rotational speed of revolution 0.2RPM (five minutes) to 80RPM (80 weeks) rotations per minute within the continuous stepless adjustment, it is possible to achieve high-precision lens 10. highly accurate manual focusing of electric drive can be achieved, namely the so-called full-time manual function; 11. Operating temperature range is very wide, in minus 30 degrees Celsius to 60 degrees above zero temperatures and high-speed driving; to work, to ensure stable operation in harsh environments. Miniature ultrasonic motor and the annular ultrasonic motor, the stator and rotor is integrated in a very small apparatus, compared with the annular ultrasonic motor have the following characteristics: absence of the restriction of the diameter of the lens, the micro-ultrasonic motor can not be considered the structure of an optical system mounted in a variety of lens; part of the rotor, stator, and the energy output to be integrated into a very small apparatus, its size and weight is only about half of the ring-type ultrasonic motor; the cost of just plain annular ultrasonic one-third of the motor can therefore be used on a large scale low-cost lens.In general ring-type ultrasonic motor is mainly used for the L-level professional lens, miniature ultrasonic motor is mainly used for what we call the amateur lens, but in amateur lens of the Canon lens ring-type ultrasonic motor, which is: EF20 -35mm f/3.5-4.5 USM; EF24-85mm f/3.5-4.5 USM; EF28-105mm f/3.5-4.5 USM / EF28-105mm f/3.5-4.5 USM II; EF28-135mm f/3.5-5.6 IS USM and EF100-300mm f/4.5-5.6 USM, such as ordinary photographers such as the use of several lens can feel the ring-type ultrasonic motor brings fast and quiet autofocus and full-time manual fun.Micro-motors, in addition to the arc motors and ultrasonic motor, Canon also has another motor - micro-motors, micro-motors are generally used for the popularity of the lens of the Canon prices are low, such as EF50mm f/1.8II and those non-USM universal zoom lens, such as the EF28-80mm f/3.5-5.6; EF75-300mm f/4-5.6, etc., but Canon has a "well-known" lens with micro-motors, it is the EF100mm f/2.8 Macro macro lens and wanted to Canon general use macro does not use auto-focus.Full-time manual and within the Focus / Focus Canon EF lensesIn general, the lens ring-type ultrasonic motor can achieve full-time manual lens using micro ultrasonic motor can not, but that does not mean that micro-ultrasonic motor can not be full-time manual, such as the famous EF50mm f/1.4 micro ultrasonic motors, but it and the lens ring-type ultrasonic motor, can also be a full-time manual, so we can say that Canon's ring-type ultrasonic motor in order to maintain the "superiority" do not want full-time manual This is a very useful feature given all the micro-ultrasonic motor.Lens ring-type ultrasonic motor are generally within the focus or focus structure, focus front element of the lens is not followed rotation, and most of the micro-ultrasonic motor and micro-motors and arc motor lens No, of course there are exceptions such as the use of curved motor EF135mm f/2.8 Soft FOCUS soft focus lens, the EF24mm f/2.8 and has been replaced by the EF17-35mm f/2.8 L USM EF20-35mm f/2.8 L and other early listing of EF shot.THE BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ULTRASONIC MOTOR 1, with a low speed high torque output characteristics;2, the brake torque;3, the structure is simple;The controllability, motor start and braking is very good;5 Turn the sound is very small, almost silent.6, high efficiency, low power consumption; 7, the motor of the ring can be a perfect combination with the lens barrel;8, the low speed, particularly suitable lens AF driver;9, the rotational speed can be arbitrarily controlled within the range of 0.2rpm 80rpm.usmUSM-M1USM-L1USM-L2size 62-54*1077-67*1072-63*10weight264545temperature-3060 .THE APPLIANTION OF ULTRASONIC MOTORUltrasonic motor applications can be summarized as follows:1) aerospace field  Ultrasonic MotorThe Aerospace often in a high vacuum, extreme temperatures, strong radiation, can not be effective lubrication in bad condition and weight of the system demanding ultrasonic motor which drives the best choice.2) precision instrumentation electromagnetic motor with gear box gear to increase the torque due to the presence of backlash and hysteresis error, it is difficultIn order to achieve high positioning accuracy, ultrasonic motors can be directly driven, and fast response, good control characteristics can be used for precision instruments.3) robot joint driveAs a robot joint drive ultrasonic motor can be fixed and moving parts of the joint with the ultrasonic motor stator and rotor as a whole, so that the entire organization is very compact. Japan developed a ball-type ultrasonic motor drive multi-degree-of-freedom robot to solve many problems.4) micro-mechanical technology in micro-driveMicro-motor as the core of the micro-mechanical, is an important symbol of the development of micro-mechanical level. Manufacturing research and development of MEMS (micro electronic mechanical systems, abbreviated MEMS) motor millimeter. The medical field is the use of the most representative one of the areas of micro-mechanical technology, the ultrasonic motor has been applied in surgical robotics and surgical instruments.5) strong electromagnetic interference, or not allowed to produce electromagnetic interference occasionsIn the MRI environment and the maglev train running conditions, the electromagnetic motor can not work properly, the ultrasonic motor is able to be competent.Question:1.翻译1.介绍超声电机(超声电机)指:超声电机,首次使用的相机是佳能EF系列镜头。最早的超声电机马达配有透镜佳能EF 300/2.8L超声电机传统的电动机工作是基于电磁原理,电磁能量转化为旋转能量。超声电机是基于使用超声振动能量转化为旋转能量的新原则而进行工作的。2.超声波马达的定义人耳能听到的声音频率范围约20赫兹到20 kHz,和超过20 kHz称为超声波频率,人耳不承认。那么什么是超声电机呢?它的基本工作原理又如何?简而言之,输入电压使用压电材料将产生变形特征,以便它能产生机械振动的超声频率,然后通过摩擦传动机构设计,使超声波电动机的电磁马达船做旋转运动和直线运动的方向。通常电磁电动机运行时,我们会感觉噪音,因为电动机的内部结构振动,振动频率的频率范围是我们的耳朵能感觉到。超声电机的振动频率设计在人耳能听到的范围之外,所以我们觉得运行时没有声音,从而非常安静,这是超声电机的一个非常重要的特性。3.超声波马达的起源与发展实际使用压电材料的振动特性出现之前的超声波电机驱动压电电机,但他们的频率并不局限于超声波范围。早在1948年,威廉和布朗的应用程序“压电马达”美国专利;1961年布罗瓦看公司签订的公司开发了一个调优的叉驱动手表。1972年西门子线性压电步进电机和松下的发展,而是因为他们不能达到大的输出功率和效率,这还不是普遍应用。1973年,IBM的巴特(高压巴斯),首次提出了使用压电超声振动组件驱动电机,但因为穿的问题,和表壳,不仅在实际应用发布。几乎与此同时,俄罗斯VH Lavrinenko还设计一些相同的电机驱动原理结构;1978年Vasiliev(PE Vasiliev)是使用超声波转换器马达驱动源,但没有开发一个完整的电机结构。1980年,田出生(Toshiiku Sashida)开发的超声电机振簧驱动,与一个更完整的电机结构。此时,压电材料产生超声振动慢慢开始发展驱动电动机的概念。由于磨损和温度上升,这些超声电机还没有实际应用,但有一个高精度、低速大扭矩特点。田出生在和开发一种新型的超声波电机驱动模式,直到1982年,设计考虑到穿的改善,这是第一个真正实现商业应用的超声波电动机,和第一个应用程序在相机的自动对焦系统,这是目前超声电机的最大的区域。佳能超精度自动对焦镜头已经建立了两个马达的自动对焦，另一个是负责电磁孔径佳能自动对焦马达三类,弯曲的电动机(电弧形式驱动,变频器),超声电机(超声波电动机,超声电机)和电机(微型电动机毫米)。超声波电机和电机有很大区别颜色的数量,不管传统的电动机,其一般原则是,电磁力旋转力,而生成的超声电机旋转力超声振动能量。正如上面提到的,戒指的超声电机和微型超声波电机汽车。相当大的直径和管直径的环形超声波电机定子和转子可以和桶完美结合超声电机具有优势:(a)由于其低速度和高转矩特性,以便它可以直接驱动镜头不需要额外的减速机制;定位转矩,换句话说,当电动机停止当镜头像制动自动停止为重点;结构非常简单,控制启动和停止的能力很好,它可以迅速开始也可以立即停止,并可以精确控制;诉操作是非常安静,几乎沉默。此外,佳能的环形超声波电机也可以在以下特点:六个效率高和低功耗的特点,这样就可以使用相机的电池供电的;七个环形电机和透镜镜筒很合适,8。低转速是理想的镜头驱动;九旋转转速0.2 rpm(5分钟)80 rpm(80周)内每分钟旋转连续无级调节,可以实现高精度透镜10。高度精确的手动聚焦电力驱动可以实现,即所谓的全职手动功能;11。操作温度范围很广,在摄氏零下30度到60度高于零温度和高速驾驶;工作,确保稳定运行在严酷的环境下。微型超声波电机和环形超声波电机,定子和转子是集成在一个很小的装置,与环形超声波电机相比有以下特点:没有镜头的直径的限制,微型超声波电机不能被认为是一个光学系统的结构安装在各种各样的镜头;转子,定子,和能量输出集成到一个很小的装置,它的大小和重量只有大约一半的环形超声波电机;成本只是普通环形超声波马达的三分之一就可以用于大规模低成本的镜头。一般环形超声波电机主要用于L-level专业镜头,微型超声波电机主要用于我们称之为业余的镜头,但在业余镜头的佳能镜头环形超声波马达,这是:EF20 -35 mm f / 3.5 - -4.5超声电机;ef24 - 85 mm f / 3.5 - -4.5超声电机;ef28 - 105 mm f / 3.5 - -4.5超声电机/ ef28 - 105 mm f / 3.5 - -4.5超声电机II;ef28 - 135 mm f / 3.5 - -5.6是超声电机和ef100 - 300 mm f / 4.5 - -5.6超声电机,如普通摄影师如使用几个镜头可以感觉到环形超声波电机带来快速和安静的自动对焦和全职手册有趣。微电机,除了弧形汽车和超声电机,佳能也有另一个电机,电机,电机通常用于佳能的镜头的流行价格很低,如EF50mm f / 1.8二世和那些non-USM普遍的变焦镜头,比如ef28 - 80 mm f / 3.5 -5.6;ef75 - 300 mm f / 4 - 5.6,等等,但佳能“知名”镜头微电机,它是EF100mm f / 2.8宏观微距镜头,希望佳能一般使用宏不使用自动对焦。全职在焦点/焦点手动和佳能EF镜头一般来说,镜头环形超声波电机可以实现使用微型超声波电机不能全职手动镜头,但这并不意味着微型超声波电动机不能全职手册,如著名的EF50mm f / 1.4微型超声波马达,但它和镜头环形超声波电机,也可以是一个全职的手册,所以我们可以说,佳能的环形超声波电机为了维护“优势”不希望全职手册这是一个非常有用的功能给微型超声波电动机。镜头环形超声波电机通常重点或焦点结构内,镜头的焦点前面元素不是跟着旋转,并且大多数微型超声波电机和电机和电弧运动镜头不,当然也有例外,如使用弯曲的电动机EF135mm f / 2.8软焦点软焦点透镜,EF24mm f / 2.8,取而代之的是EF17-35mm f / 2.8 L超声电机EF20-35mm f / 2.8 L和其他早期上市的EF镜头4.超声电机的基本特征1,低速高扭矩输出特性;2、制动转矩;3、结构简单;可控性,电机启动和刹车很好;5把声音很小,几乎没有任何声音。6、效率高、功耗低;7,戒指的电动机和透镜镜筒的完美结合;8、低速度、特别合适的镜头对焦驱动程序;9,可以任意转速控制范围内的rpm 0.2 80 rpm。超声波电机USM-M1USM-L1USM-L2大小 62-54*1077-67*1072-63*10重量264545温度-30605.超声波马达的应用超声电机应用程序可以概括如下:1)航空航天领域超声电机航空航天通常在高真空、极端温度、辐射强,不能有效的润滑系统在恶劣条件和重量要求超声电机驱动的最佳选择。2)精密仪器电磁电机与齿轮箱齿轮增加转矩的存在导致反弹和滞后误差,它是很困难的为了实现高定位精度、超声波电机可以直接驱动,快速响应,不错可用于精密仪器控制特征。3)机器人关节驱动作为机器人关节驱动超声电机可以固定和移动部件的联合超声电机定子和转子作为一个整体,所以整个组织十分紧凑。日本开发出一种球形结构超声电机驱动多自由度的机器人来解决许多问题。4) 微机械技术在微驱动器的应用 微电机微机械为核心,是一个微机械的发展水平的重要标志。制造业研发MEMS(微电子机械系统,缩写MEMS)电动机毫米。医疗领域是使用最具代表性的地区之一微机械技术,超声电机已应用于外科手术机器人技术和手术器械。5)强烈的电磁干扰,或不允许产生电磁干扰的场合在核磁共振环境和磁悬浮列车运行条件,电磁电机不能正常工作,超声电机是能够胜任的。 2.专业词汇1. ultrasonic motor 超声波马达2. mechanical vibration 机械振动 3. The electromagnetic rotation force电磁旋转力4. autofocus 自动对焦5 drive 驱动6. application program 应用程序7. micro ultrasonic 微型超声波电机8. radiation 辐射9. Micro-motor micro mechanical 微电机微机械10. Electromagnetic interference 电磁干扰3.关键句子Actually been using the vibration characteristics of piezoelectric materials before the advent of the ultrasonic motor to drive the piezoelectric motor,