人教版初三英语形容词和副词专项ppt课件.ppt
说明:形容词在中考中占总分值的说明:形容词在中考中占总分值的8%左右;副词在中考中占总分值的左右;副词在中考中占总分值的10%左右,左右,尤其尤其频度副词和否定副词频度副词和否定副词在中考中更是重在中考中更是重点和热点。点和热点。形容词和副词通常出现在以下几种题型中:形容词和副词通常出现在以下几种题型中:1、用所给词的适当形式填空;、用所给词的适当形式填空;2、单项选择;、单项选择;3.单词拼写单词拼写 4、选词填空、选词填空中考英语专项复习中考英语专项复习形容词和副词形容词和副词用以修饰名词,表示事物的用以修饰名词,表示事物的特征特征的词。的词。e.g. long, empty, cheap, hungry, 在句中作在句中作定语定语、表语表语、宾语宾语补足语补足语等成分等成分He is a good student.I have something important to tell you.当形容词修饰由当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every-构成的不定代词时构成的不定代词时,形容词要放在这些形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后不定代词的之后. Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper ?The trees turn green in spring.We are alone on the island.只能作表语,不能作定语的形容词只能作表语,不能作定语的形容词你能说出几个?你能说出几个?alone afraid awake asleep alive able形容词和宾语一起构成形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语复合宾语We must keep the classroom clean.He made us happy. Colour it green. 与表示度量、空间的词语连用时,与表示度量、空间的词语连用时,形容词要放在它所修饰的词语后面。形容词要放在它所修饰的词语后面。 如:如:1)He is sixty years old. 他他60岁了。岁了。2)This classroom is about 12 meters long, 6 meters wide and 3 meters high. 这一间教室大约这一间教室大约12米长,米长,6米宽,米宽,3米米高。高。 当名词前有多个形容词修饰时,一般按下当名词前有多个形容词修饰时,一般按下列词序排列:列词序排列: 限定词限定词(定冠词、指示代词、(定冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词)形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词)描述性的形容词描述性的形容词(如:(如:interesting, fine, beautiful, happy等)等) 表示大小、长短、高表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词低及形状的形容词(如:(如:big/small,long/ short /tall,high/low, round等)等) 表示年龄、表示年龄、新旧的形容词新旧的形容词 (如:如:young, old, new等等) 表表示颜示颜 色的形容词色的形容词(如:(如:white, black, yellow等)等) 表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词(如:表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词(如:American, French等)等) 表示物质、材料的表示物质、材料的词词(如:(如:stone, plastic, silk, wooden等)。等)。 说明:不论在书面语,还是在口语说明:不论在书面语,还是在口语中,作定语的形容词超过三个以上时,中,作定语的形容词超过三个以上时,便会使句子显得很不自然。因此,上面便会使句子显得很不自然。因此,上面所列的排列顺序,不可能同时出现在同所列的排列顺序,不可能同时出现在同一个名词短语中。一个名词短语中。例如:例如:a white cotton shirt 一件白棉布衬衫一件白棉布衬衫 a new wooden bridge一座新木桥一座新木桥 that tall fat young man 那个高大粗壮的年轻人那个高大粗壮的年轻人形容词的构成通常有形容词的构成通常有:forgetforgetful helphelpful wonderwonderful useuseful carecareful beautybeautiful thankthankful colour -colourful1、+ful2、edexciteexcited worryworried surprisesurprised closeclosedfeatherfeathered interestinterested frightenfrightened 3、+inginterestinteresting exciteexciting surprisesurprising followfollowingsunsunny snowsnowy windwindy rain-rainy cloudcloudy healthhealthy4、+y 所有表示天气状所有表示天气状况的的形容词况的的形容词wool-woollen wood-wooden5、+ en6、+ern (东西南北东西南北)east-eastern west-western south-southern north-northern副词在形容词的基础副词在形容词的基础上变化上变化ly1、直接在词尾加、直接在词尾加ly 2、以辅音字母加、以辅音字母加y结尾的结尾的变变i加加ly形容词有三个等级:形容词有三个等级:原级;原级;比较级;比较级;最高级。最高级。 词词 尾尾 变变 化化原级原级比较比较最最高高单音节词在词尾加单音节词在词尾加-er或或-est以以字母字母e接尾的词加接尾的词加-r或或-sttall hard large wide以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一个辅音字母应双写辅音字有一个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加母再加er或或estbig hot thin fat wet 以辅音字母以辅音字母+y结尾的词变为结尾的词变为i再加再加-er,或或-esthappy dry early narrow clever 多音节词和多数双音节词在其多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加前面加more 和和most difficult popular taller harder larger wider tallest hardest largest widestbigger hotter fatter wetterbiggest hottest fattest wettest happier drier earlierhappiest driest earliestnarrower cleverernarrowest cleverestmore difficult more popularmore slowly most difficult most popularmost slowly少数以少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音结尾的双音节词可加节词可加-er或或-est原级原级goodwellbadillmanymuchlittlefarold比较级比较级最高级最高级better bestworseworstless more mostfarther/furtherolder/elderleast farthest/furthestoldest/eldest巧记:巧记:特殊形式比较级特殊形式比较级共有三对二合一共有三对二合一坏病两多并两好坏病两多并两好little意思不是小意思不是小一分为二有两个一分为二有两个一是老来二是远一是老来二是远但有少数几个形容词无比较级和最高级。但有少数几个形容词无比较级和最高级。如:如:excellent, wonderful, favorite等。等。比较级前有时有一个表示程度的词或短语。比较级前有时有一个表示程度的词或短语。常见有:常见有:a little, much, a lot, still, even, some, any, far等。例如:等。例如:1)My shirt is much cheaper than yours. 我的衬衫比你的便宜。我的衬衫比你的便宜。2)Lesson 3 is very difficult, but Lesson 5 is even more difficult. 第第3课很难,但是第课很难,但是第5课更难。课更难。注意:注意:在含有形容词的比较级句子在含有形容词的比较级句子中,对两个相比较的内容为了避免重中,对两个相比较的内容为了避免重复,复,我们常常用我们常常用that, those来代替前来代替前面的词。面的词。例如:例如:The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangdong.The windows of our classroom are cleaner than those of theirs.Tom is as tall as Mike. as+形容词原形形容词原形+asThere are as many students in our school as yours. 否定否定 not as+形容词原形形容词原形+as “和和 不一样不一样” 或或 not so+形容词原形形容词原形+as “不及不如不及不如 Tom is not as tall as Mike.This truck is big enough to carry 5 tons. so+ 形容词原级形容词原级+that丛句丛句 such+名词名词that丛句丛句He is so big that he cant enter the room by the door . too+原级原级+ to do sth.He is too young to join the army. 形容词原级形容词原级+ enough to do sth. 1、两者之间的比较,句中有明显的标志词两者之间的比较,句中有明显的标志词than Tom is taller than John2、Which/Who is + 比较级比较级, A or B ? Which is easier, maths or English?3、能修饰比较级的副词及短:能修饰比较级的副词及短:much(的多的多)、 a lot(的多的多)、even(更更)、still(更(更)、)、a bit/alittle(一点儿一点儿) This city is much more beautiful than that one Today is even hotter than yesterday.4、 is the +比较级比较级 + of the two. Tom is the taller of the two boys. 5、数量数量 + 比较级比较级 than He is three years older than his brother.6、比较级、比较级+ and + 比较级,比较级, “越来越越来越” Now it is hotter and hotter. 现在越来越热现在越来越热7、The + 比较级比较级,the + 比较级比较级 “越越,就越,就越” The more , the better. 越多越好。越多越好。1.one of the+最高级最高级+名词复数名词复数2.最高级最高级+of (in)(三者及以上范围的三者及以上范围的)3.This is/ was the最高级最高级+名词名词+that定语从定语从句句Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers in China. This is the worst film that I have seen these years. Of all the movie stars, I think Zhao Wei is the best. 5.、the + 序数词序数词 + 最高级最高级 + 名词名词 + in/of4.Which/Who is the + 最高级最高级,A ,B or C ?Which is the biggest , the moon, the earth or the sun ?The Yellow River is the second longest river in China注意:注意:最高级前可以有序数词来修饰。最高级前可以有序数词来修饰。例如:例如:Which is the first most useful invention? 哪一个是第一个最有用途的发明?哪一个是第一个最有用途的发明?如果形容词最高级前有物主代词,指如果形容词最高级前有物主代词,指示代词,名词所有格时,则不必加定冠示代词,名词所有格时,则不必加定冠词词the。例如:例如:Yesterday was my busiest day. 昨天昨天是我最忙碌的一天。是我最忙碌的一天。用来修饰动词、形容词、其用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及它副词、全句或名词词组及句子的词。句子的词。e.g. very, early, out, soon, quickly, 等等等等.副词根据所表达的不同意义可将其副词根据所表达的不同意义可将其分为以下几种:分为以下几种:1、时间和频度副词时间和频度副词:now, then, often, always, early, today, already, soon, ago, yesterday等等.2、地点副词地点副词:here, there, everywhere, out, in, home, upstairs, above, below, inside等等.3、方式副词方式副词:carefully, politely, fast, well, extremely, anxiously等等.4、程度副词程度副词:much, little, very, rather, too, rather, almost, so等等.5、疑问副词疑问副词:how, where, when, why(放在特殊疑问句前)(放在特殊疑问句前)6、关系副词关系副词:when, where, why(通常引导宾语从句)(通常引导宾语从句)7、连接副词连接副词:how, when, where, why, whether(通常引导定语从句)(通常引导定语从句)副词的比较等级构成和用法副词的比较等级构成和用法 副词的比较等级构成。副词的比较等级构成。有三个等级:有三个等级: 原级;原级;比较级;比较级;最高级。最高级。单音节词和少数双音节词构 成 方 法原 级比较级最高级一般在词尾加一般在词尾加-er或或-estfasthardlongsoonfasterharderlongersoonerfastesthardestlongestsoonest以字母以字母e结尾的副词,结尾的副词,加加-r或或-stlatelaterlatest以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾结尾的副词,先把的副词,先把y变为变为i,再加再加-er或或-estearlyearlierearliest不规则变化不规则变化原原 级级比比 较较 级级最最 高高 级级wellbadlymuchlittlefarbetterworsemorelessfarther较远较远(表示距离表示距离)further较远,进一步较远,进一步(表示程度表示程度)bestworstmostleastfarthestfurthest 副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同.e.g. 形容记的最高级前要用定冠词形容记的最高级前要用定冠词the,副词副词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词the.Mount Qomolangma is the highest in the world.Jim jumped (the) highest of the all.fast-faster-fastestslowly- more slowly most slowly注意:注意:1、副词副词very可以修饰形容词、副词,可以修饰形容词、副词,但不能修饰动词。但不能修饰动词。例如:例如: This flower is very beautiful. I like English very much. (但不能说:但不能说:I very like English.)2、enough作副词时,用在形容词、副词之后;作副词时,用在形容词、副词之后;enough用作形容词时,放在名词前或后都可用作形容词时,放在名词前或后都可以。以。例如:例如:He is strong enough to lift the heavy box. The man has got enough money (or: money enough) to buy a car. 注意:注意:3、频度副词的比例表:频度副词的比例表:always100%, usually80%, often70%60%, sometimes, at times30%40%, seldom, hardly ever5%, never0%中考英语专项复习形容词和副词2、such和和so的区分的区分1)such是形容词,常修饰名词。它有如下结是形容词,常修饰名词。它有如下结构:构:such + a/an +形容词形容词+ n.(可数名词单数可数名词单数),如:如: Its such a beautiful flower.You have told us such an interesting story.such +形容词形容词+ n.(可数名词复数可数名词复数),如:如:You have made such foolish mistakes.such +形容词形容词+ n.(不可数名词不可数名词),如:如: Im very glad that I can get such good advice from you.2、such和和so的区分的区分2)so是副词,表示程度,修饰形容词或副词。是副词,表示程度,修饰形容词或副词。它有如下结构:它有如下结构:so + 形容词形容词/副词,副词,如:如:This question is so difficult that I cant answer it.so + 形容词形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数,可数名词单数,如:如:This is so difficult a question that all of us cannot answer it.另外在另外在many, much, few, little +名词的名词的前面,只能用前面,只能用so,不能用不能用such。例如:例如:There is so little milk in the refrigerator that I have to buy some.谢谢