动名词做主语和宾语ppt课件.pptx

动名词作主语和宾语动名词作主语和宾语Grammar 一 动名词Grammar动词的动词的-ing现在分词现在分词 动名词动名词在句中可以做：在句中可以做： 主语主语，表语，表语，宾语宾语， 补语，定语和状语补语，定语和状语千万要注意千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！形式的规则哟！不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。一：简介一：简介 v+ing 时时 态态 和和 语语 态态 类 别 及及 物物动动 词词不及物动词不及物动词形式主主 动动被被 动动主主 动动一般式 doing being done doing 完成式 having donehaving been donehaving done作主语作主语1)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。学习新单词对我来说非常重要。 _ is very important for me2)说比做容易。说比做容易。_ is easier than doing.Learning new wordsTalking3) 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。_ with ShylockIt is useless trying to argue用形式主语用形式主语it，把真正的主语，把真正的主语动名词结构移置句尾。动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词名词，如如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，a waste of等。等。如：如：动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。1作主语作主语. 动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：1)这种事开不得玩笑。这种事开不得玩笑。 Here is _ about such matter.2)无法知道他什么时候离开。无法知道他什么时候离开。 There was _ when he would leave. 作主语作主语no jokingno knowing在在there be结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于于“It is impossible to do ” 如如 There is no doing：v我们不知道要去哪儿。我们不知道要去哪儿。There was no knowing where we would go. v做这件傻事毫无意义。做这件傻事毫无意义。 _注意：注意：There is no need to do sth 干干没必要，在此句式中没必要，在此句式中to do 不可换为不可换为doing. 没有必要告诉她。没有必要告诉她。_而在而在Its important / Its necessary / Its advisable / Its essential / Its fitting 这类句型中，只能用不定式，这类句型中，只能用不定式，如：如： Its important to learn foreign languages. Its quite necessary to read it many times.There is no point doing such a silly thing. There is no need to tell her.作主语作主语 用用-ing-ing形式作主语的句型有：形式作主语的句型有：vIt +be +a waste of time doing 做做是浪费时间的是浪费时间的vIt is/was no good/use doing 做做是没用处的是没用处的 It is useless/no use做做是没用处的是没用处的vIt is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做做是值得的是值得的vThere is no doing 无法无法， 不允许不允许vThere is no sense/no point in doing v做做没有道理没有道理/意义意义提示：当动名词用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词提示：当动名词用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成性物主代词和名词所有格构成。动名词复合结构动名词复合结构 1) 我姐姐病了，使我很担心。我姐姐病了，使我很担心。 My sisters being ill made us worried=That my sister was ill made us worried. 2) 你正确未必就意味着我错了。你正确未必就意味着我错了。 Your being right doesnt necessarily mean _. my being wrong作主语作主语V-ing 做主语做主语_(play)with fire is dangerous.Be careful! _(play)with fire will be dangerous.to do or v-ing?PlayingTo play_(swim)is good for our health._(swim)in this river is not allowedSwimmingTo swim表示一般或抽象的多次行为表示一般或抽象的多次行为具体的或一次性的动作具体的或一次性的动作用作宾语用作宾语looking forI cant avoid_Have you considered _ one special friend?1)我不能不去。我不能不去。2)你是否考虑过找一位挚友你是否考虑过找一位挚友? (一一).（1）只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有）只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand等。等。如：如： (一一) 有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语； (二二) 有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别） (三三) 有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语.（没大区别）（没大区别）going三。动名词作宾语三。动名词作宾语有三种情况。有三种情况。常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:考虑建议盼原谅，考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练，避免错过继续练，否认完成停能赏，否认完成停能赏，不禁介意准逃亡，不禁介意准逃亡，不准冒险凭想象。不准冒险凭想象。consider, suggest / advise ,look forward to ,pardon admit, delay / put off , fancy avoid , miss ,keep /keep on , practise deny , finish , stop ,enjoy / appreciate cant help , mind , allow/ permit ,escape forbid , risk , imagine 动词动词forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try, be used to, cant help forget, regret, remember 后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。 (二二) 有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）I forgot _to her.(我忘了曾经给她写过信）我忘了曾经给她写过信）I forgot _her about it.我忘了要告诉。）我忘了要告诉。）I remember_ you somewhere in biejing.（see）Remember _me tonight.(call)He regretted_ in the exam.(cheat)I regret _that we cant stay here any longer(say)writingto tell seeingto callcheatingto say1.He stopped _and have a rest.(smoke) 2.He really must stop_3. I once tried _French(learn)4.Lets try _at the back door.(knock)5.I didnt to mean _your feeling.(hurt)6. This word means _out at once.(set)7.I cant help _the room.for I am too busy(clean)8.After hearing the joke, we cant help _(laugh)9.Water is uesed to _flowers(water)10.I am used to _early.(get)11.Though it rained,they went on_.(work)12.We have finished Part 1.Lets go on _P 2(Learn)to smokesmokingto learnknockingto hurtsettingto cleanlaughingwatergetting upworkingto learn(三三) 有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语.（没大区别）（没大区别）1.一些表示喜好或开始动作的动词一些表示喜好或开始动作的动词like,love,hate,prefer ,intend ,begin, start continue等，等，用不定式做宾语和用不定式做宾语和v+ing形式做宾语，意义相差不大形式做宾语，意义相差不大1.I started _(work)here two years ago.2.I intended _a poem in English.(write)3.They prefer _(spend) their summer vacation in the country.2. need/want/require/deserve doing sth.=need/want/require/deserve to be done.4.We need _ friends(have) 5.My hair needs_ (cut)6. My hair needs_.to havecutting.to be cut【考例】 What do you think made Mary so upset？ _ her new bicycle（1997上海高考题）上海高考题） A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing 解析：解析：losing her new bicycle是句子的是句子的主语，谓语主语，谓语made her so upset被省略，被省略，losing 在此表示具体的动作。在此表示具体的动作。 【考例考例】 I cant imagine _ that with them（MET 1986） A. do B. to do C. being done D. doing She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden（1995上海高考题上海高考题） A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in 解析：解析：考查短语动词考查短语动词 look forward to 后跟动名词作宾语的用法。后跟动名词作宾语的用法。 1. 在在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成语，则构成“allowadviseforbidpermit 名词代词不定式（宾语补足名词代词不定式（宾语补足语）语）”之形式。如：之形式。如： We dont allow smoking here We dont allow anybody to smoke here 2. 动词动词need, require, want意为意为“需要需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。如：动式作宾语，意义没有区别。如： The window needsrequireswants cleaningto be cleaned 3. 在在begin, continue, love, like, hate, prefer, intend, start后用动名词和后用动名词和 用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多 大区别。大区别。 4. 动词动词forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try, be used to, cant help后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须注意。注意。 forget, regret, remember后跟动名词，后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作表示将要发生的动作。 go on doing 继续做原来做的事继续做原来做的事go on to do 接着做另一件事接着做另一件事 mean doing 意味着要做某事意味着要做某事mean to do 想要做某事想要做某事 stop doing 停止做某事停止做某事stop to do 停下来（别的事）开始停下来（别的事）开始 做某事做某事try doing 试着做某事试着做某事try to do 努力做某事努力做某事be used to doing 习惯于做某事习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事被用来做某事cant help doing 禁不住做某事禁不住做某事cant help to do 不能帮助做某事不能帮助做某事【考例】 Lets have a rest Not nowI dont want to stop _ yet（MET 1985） A. study B. to study C. for studying D. studying 解析：解析：stop studying意为意为“停止学习停止学习”。 Let me tell you something about the journalists Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday？（？（1999上海高上海高考题）考题） A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told 解析解析: remember telling me意为意为“记得曾经告诉过我记得曾经告诉过我”。 1. We are both looking forward to _ next week. A. going on vocation(休假休假) B. go on vocation C. be going on vocation D. have gone on vocation2. You must pay attention to _ the works of Lu Xun. A. read B. reading C. reader D. be read3. You should work tonight instead of _ TV. A. to watch B. you watching C. you watch D. watching4. The microscope is used for_ minute (微小的微小的) objects. A. examining B. being examined C. examined D. examine5. Mike has got used _ up late at night. (stay up) A. to sit B. X C. to sitting D. sitting6. Once the heart stops _, death follows at once. A. beating B. to beat C. being beaten D. to be beating7. We are now busy _ for the examination. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. being prepared8. I remembered _ this person somewhere before. A. seeing B. having been seen C. seen D. to see9. I regret _ that to her. A. having said B. to have said C. to say D. X10. The patient must be separated to avoid (避免避免) _ others. A. being infected(感染感染) B. infecting C. to infect D. infected11.Your clothes need _. A. washed B. to be washed C. to wash D. being washed12. _ provides us with essential nutrients (营养营养), while _ provides us with oxygen. A. To eat; breathing B. Eating; to breathe C. Eating; breathing D. Eaten; breathed13. He attended the party without_. A. invited B. inviting C. having invited D. being invited14. By _, water can be changed into gas. A. heating B. being heated C. having heated D. heated15. On land many objects prevent sound _ very far. A. to travel B. travel C. from travelling D. to travelling16. She returned home only to find the door open and something_ . A. missed B. to be missing C. missing D. to be missed 17. Remember_ the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back 18. Writing stories and articles_ what I enjoy most. A. is B. are C. was D. were 19. He was afraid _for being late. A. of seeing B. of being seen C. to be seen D. to have seen Homework Next time well learn Organic Farming on Page 14. If possible, please find some information. Todays homework is to finish all Exercises on Page 49 and 50.