英语专四语法专题分析ppt课件.ppt

专四词汇语法应对策略专四词汇语法应对策略方立宁方立宁 20090151404李鸿雁李鸿雁 20090151410李莹李莹 20090151412郑玉萍郑玉萍 20090151425庄静宜庄静宜 20090151427近年来专业四级考试中近年来专业四级考试中Grammar and Vocabulary部分中，约部分中，约50%为语为语法结构。法结构。语法语法考题的涉及面宽，几乎所有词类；三考题的涉及面宽，几乎所有词类；三种动词的非谓语形式；各种从句及关系词种动词的非谓语形式；各种从句及关系词的用法；动词时态、虚拟语气、情态动词的用法；动词时态、虚拟语气、情态动词的用法；独立主格，主谓一致，倒装，强的用法；独立主格，主谓一致，倒装，强调、并列结构等基本语法知识。这些还会调、并列结构等基本语法知识。这些还会反复出现。反复出现。语法的应对策略：语法的应对策略：1全面掌握基本语法点，重点记住各个全面掌握基本语法点，重点记住各个项目中的项目中的“偏，特，难偏，特，难”点。点。2掌握常用习惯用法和词组。掌握常用习惯用法和词组。3注意在阅读中培养语感，因为在语篇注意在阅读中培养语感，因为在语篇层次上培养的语感往往可以直接帮助答题。层次上培养的语感往往可以直接帮助答题。4研究以往考试试题，适当做些练习记研究以往考试试题，适当做些练习记住典型题例。住典型题例。专业四级考试要求我们掌握的语法内容，具体专业四级考试要求我们掌握的语法内容，具体如下：如下： 1. 1. 名词：可数及不可数名词；抽象、专有、物质名词：可数及不可数名词；抽象、专有、物质名词的数；名词的数；s s 属格的各种意义；某些以属格的各种意义；某些以-s -s 结尾的结尾的名词的数；集体名词的数。名词的数；集体名词的数。 2. 2. 限定词：限定词与三类名词的搭配关系；限定限定词：限定词与三类名词的搭配关系；限定词与限定词的搭配关系；冠词的类指、特指和独指；词与限定词的搭配关系；冠词的类指、特指和独指；冠词的习惯用法；冠词的习惯用法； some, any some, any 和和 no no 的用法。的用法。 3. 3. 代词：不定代词代词：不定代词one, some, anyone one, some, anyone 及不定代及不定代词词one, they, we, you, heone, they, we, you, he的用法；物主代词，非的用法；物主代词，非人称代词的用法；反身代词及其他动词宾语的用法。人称代词的用法；反身代词及其他动词宾语的用法。 4. 4. 动词的时：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完动词的时：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成体；一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成体；成体；一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成体；将来时，过去将来时等的各种表达法和用法；情将来时，过去将来时等的各种表达法和用法；情态动词的各种用法；虚拟式，被动态的用法；不态动词的各种用法；虚拟式，被动态的用法；不定式和不定式分句，定式和不定式分句，-ing -ing 分词和分词和inging分句、分句、 eded分词和分词和 eded分句的用法。分句的用法。 5. 5. 定语从句，名词性从句（包括宾语、主语、定语从句，名词性从句（包括宾语、主语、表语、同位语从句等）；状语从句（包括时间、表语、同位语从句等）；状语从句（包括时间、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件、让步等状语从原因、目的、结果、方式、条件、让步等状语从句）。句）。 6. 6. 直接引语，间接引语，并列结构，从属结直接引语，间接引语，并列结构，从属结构（包括独立结构，无动词分句，非限定分句和构（包括独立结构，无动词分句，非限定分句和限定分句的转换）；形容词和副词的比较级、最限定分句的转换）；形容词和副词的比较级、最高级；介词与介词词组；附加疑问句；存在句；高级；介词与介词词组；附加疑问句；存在句；主谓一致；后置、前置与倒装；省略。主谓一致；后置、前置与倒装；省略。常考考点：常考考点： 1 1）虚拟语气的考点为：）虚拟语气的考点为： would ratherwould ratherthatthat从句一般过去时；从句一般过去时； would rather, had rather, would sooner, would as soon后接省略that的从句，表示“希望，情愿，宁愿”， 从句谓语用过去时 Eg：1）Id rather you did not win that game. 2）Id rather you hadnt told me about it.It is vitalIt is vitalnecessarynecessaryimportantimportanturgenturgentimperativeimperativedesirabledesirableadvisableadvisablenaturalnaturalessentialessentialthatthat动词原形；动词原形；egeg：1 1）It is necessary that he (should) realize his situation. 2）It is essential that this mission not fail. 【历年真题】. The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential _for that.a. for us to be prepared b. that we are preparedc. of us to be prepared d. our being prepared It is timeIt is timeabout timeabout timehigh timehigh timethatthat一般过去时；一般过去时； eg: eg:1)1)Its time that we did our homework. 2)Its the first time that I have been here. proposalproposalsuggestionsuggestionthatthat动词原形；动词原形； eg:eg:1)He suggested that a petition 1)He suggested that a petition (should)be drawn up.(should)be drawn up. lestlestthatthatshouldshould动词原形；动词原形；if onlyif onlythatthatwouldwould动词原形。动词原形。2 2）状语从句的考点为：非）状语从句的考点为：非ifif引导的条件状语从句，引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用此类句子多用at timesat times，providedprovided，so long asso long as，in casein case，onceonce等来替代等来替代ifif；由；由even ifeven ifsoso，now thatnow that，for allfor all等引导的让步状语从句；等引导的让步状语从句；justjusthardlyhardlywhenwhen引导的时间状语从句；引导的时间状语从句；more thanmore than，asasasas，not so much asnot so much as，the the same assame as，as much asas much as等引导的比较状语从句。等引导的比较状语从句。eg. 1）You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting provided you dont mind taking the night train. 2）Assuming he is diligent in his studies at ordinary times, he is sure to pass the test. 3）In the event that she has not been informed, I will tell her. (如果)【历年真题】预览 1. You wont get a loan _ you can offer some security. a. lest b. in case c. unless d. other than 2.The brilliance of his satires was _make even his victims laugh. a. so as to b. such as to c. so that d. such that 3. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. a. Having b. Given c. Giving d. Had 4. _ _ I was very much mistaken, there was something wrong with Louise. a. Unless b. As c. Though d. Since 3 3）独立主格结构独立主格结构多以多以逻辑主语分词逻辑主语分词的形式的形式出现出现 egeg： 1. Agriculture is the countrys chief 1. Agriculture is the countrys chief source of wealth, wheat _ by far the source of wealth, wheat _ by far the biggest cereal crop.biggest cereal crop.a. is b. been c. be d. being a. is b. been c. be d. being （TEM-4 2003TEM-4 2003） 2. Time _, the celebration 2. Time _, the celebration will be held as scheduled.will be held as scheduled. a. permit b. permitting a. permit b. permitting c. permitted d. permits c. permitted d. permits 4 4）情态动词情态动词多与多与完成时完成时形式连用。形式连用。【历年真题】【历年真题】1. He _unwisely, but he was at least trying to 1. He _unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful.do something helpful.a. may have acted b. must have acted c. should a. may have acted b. must have acted c. should act d. would act 1999act d. would act 19992. Mush as_, I couldnt lend him the money 2. Mush as_, I couldnt lend him the money because I simply didnt have that much spare cash.because I simply didnt have that much spare cash.a. I would have liked to b. I would like to have a. I would have liked to b. I would like to have c. I should have to like d. I should have liked c. I should have to like d. I should have liked to 1999to 19993. You _Mark anything. It was none of his 3. You _Mark anything. It was none of his business.business.a. neednt have told b. neednt tell c. a. neednt have told b. neednt tell c. mustnt have told d. mustnt tell mustnt have told d. mustnt tell 。5 5）定语从句重点考查）定语从句重点考查介词关系代介词关系代词（词（whichwhich）和和asas作为关系代词作为关系代词 egeg： Above the trees are the hills, _ Above the trees are the hills, _ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.surface. a. where b. of whose c. whose d. a. where b. of whose c. whose d. which which 2. They overcame all the difficulties and 2. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, completed the project two months ahead of time, _is something we had not expected._is something we had not expected. a. which b. it c. that d. a. which b. it c. that d. what what 3. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. 3. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _ he was twenty years ago.He is not the man _ he was twenty years ago. a. which b. that c. who d. a. which b. that c. who d. whom whom 4. The experiment requires more money than _.4. The experiment requires more money than _.如何应对词汇语法题如何应对词汇语法题良好的词汇积累，应建立在英语构词法基础上，结良好的词汇积累，应建立在英语构词法基础上，结合词组扩展、近义词对比及适当联想来强化记忆，合词组扩展、近义词对比及适当联想来强化记忆，从而编织出由点及面的知识网。以下是背单词的从而编织出由点及面的知识网。以下是背单词的四种有效方法：四种有效方法：1词根词缀法词根词缀法2词组拓展法词组拓展法3近义词串联法近义词串联法4联想记忆法联想记忆法