一般过去时的用法和结构.doc

.一般过去时的用法及结构1一般过去时的基本用法一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastweek,lastnight,in2003,twodaysago等。【举例】Igotupat6:30yesterday.我昨天6:30起床。Myfatherwasverybusylastweek.我父亲上周很忙。2一般过去时的基本结构肯定句“主语动词过去式其他”或者“主语waswere其他”。【举例】Iplayedtennislastweekend.我上周末打网球了。 Myschooltripwasgreat.我的学校郊游棒极了。否定句“主语didnt动词原形其他”或“主语wasntwerent其他”。【举例】Thegirldidntplaycomputergamesyesterdayafternoon. 这个女孩昨天下午没玩电子游戏。OldHenrywasnthappylastFriday.上星期五老亨利不高兴。一般疑问句“Did主语动词原形其他？”肯定回答为“Yes，主语did”，否定回答为“No，主语didnt”或者“WasWere主语其他？”肯定回答为“Yes，主语waswere”，否定回答为“No，主语wasntwerent”。【举例】Didyougotothebeach?你们去海滩了吗？Yes,wedid.No,wedidnt.是的，我们去了。不，我们没有。WasyourweekendOK?你的周末过得还行吧？Yes,itwas.No,itwasnt.是的，还行。不，不行。特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词一般疑问句（顺序）？【举例】WhatdidLiLeidolastweekend?李雷上周末干什么了？Hevisitedhisgrandparents.他去看了他的祖父母。Wherewereyouyesterday?你昨天在哪儿？Iwasathome.我在家里。为了便于记忆行为动词（实义动词）的一般过去时用法及结构，我们可用以下歌诀来帮助记忆：动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事。谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志。否定形式很简单，主语之后didnt添。谓语动词要还原。疑问构成有规则，主语前面加did。过去式的构成be动词和实义动词过去式的构成：系动词be的过去式有两种形式：was和were。其中was是am和is的过去式，were是are的过去式。规则动词过去式的构成：一般在动词末尾加ed。【举例】walkwalkedplayplayed以不发音e结尾的动词末尾只加d。【举例】loveloveddecidedecided结尾是“辅音字母y”的动词。先将y变为i，再加ed。【举例】studystudiedcarrycarried末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写该辅音字母，再加ed。【举例】stopstoppedplanplanned规则动词的过去式构成方法可用以下口诀来记忆：过去式构成有规律，一般词尾加ed如果词尾有个e（不发音的），只需直接加上d。“辅音字母y”在词尾，变y为i加ed。“一辅重闭”作尾巴，双写之后加ed。随堂练习：一写出下列动词的过去式。1.amis_ 2.do_ 3.go_ 4.have_5.isnt_ 6.arent_7.spend_ 8.cook_9.read_ 10.clean_ 11.live_ 12.study_二用适当的词完成下列对话。1.Howwasyourweekend?It_great.What_you_lastweekend?I_somehomework.2. What_she_lastweekend?She_tothebeach.3. What_theydolastweekend?They_tothemovies.三用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1.We_(enjoy)ourselvesatthepartylastnight.2.Jack_(study)fortheEnglishtestlastSunday.3._you_(go)totheGreatWalllastyear?4.Whatday_(be)ityesterday?5.Theoldman_(be)illandwenttoseeadoctor.6.We_(have)apartylastnight.7.We_(visit)themuseumandwenthome.8.How_(be)thestudents?Theywereveryfriendly.9.Heoften_(have)supperathome.Todayhe_(have)supperatschool.10.Wehadgreatfun_(play)inthewater.11.Thatmademe_(feel)veryhappy.12._he_(have)lunchatnine?No,hedidnt.13.They_(buy)aguitaryesterday.四句型转换。1. Hecameherelastmonth.(改为否定句)He_herelastmonth.2. .Theyplayedfootballthismorning.(改为一般疑问句并作简略回答)_they_footballthismorning?Yes,they_.No,they_.3. TheywenttoBeijinglastyear.(就划线部分提问)_they_lastyear.4. TomwatchedTVlastnight.(改为一般疑问句)_Tom_TVlastnight?5. Marydoeshomeworkeveryday.(用lastnight改写句子)Mary_.一般现在时的用法与结构1、一般现在时的定义及构成一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。(1)be(am,is,are)动词：(作谓语动词时)肯定句:主语+be动词(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamastudent.(主语+be动词+名词)Theyarehungry.（主语+be动词+形容词）Heisout.(主语+be动词+副词)Thatpenismine.(主语+be动词+代词)Iamfifteen.(主语+be动词+数词)Thebikeisunderthetree.(主语+be动词+介词短语)运用am,is,are写三个句子否定句：主语+be(am,is,are)+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。运用am,is,are写三个句子一般疑问句：Be(am,is,are)+主语+其它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,Imnot.运用am,is,are写三个句子特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?运用am,is,are写三个句子特殊疑问句：疑问词（what,where,who,when,which,whose,how,howmany,howmuch,whatshape,whatcolour,）,找句子中有没有be动词（is,am或者are）或情态动词或者助动词（特殊疑问句:疑问词+be动词（is,am或者are）或情态动词或者助动词+其他?）(2) 行为动词：主语+行为动词+（其它）。（作谓语动词时)1)主语不是第三人称单数时，肯定句为：主语+动词原形+其它否定式为：主语+dont+动词原形+其它疑问句为：Do+主语+动词原形+其它？e.g.WespeakChinese.DoyouspeakChinese?-Yes,Ido./No,Idont.TheydontspeakChinese.写三个句子2) 当主语是第三人称单数时：(he,she,it,A/An,单独的人或事物:Lily/book)肯定句为:主语+动词（词尾加s或es）+其它。否定式为：主语+doesnt+动词原形+其它.疑问句式：Does+主语+动词原形+其它？HespeaksEnglish.HedoesntspeaksEnglish.-Doesshegotoworkbybike?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesnt.写三个句子特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?3)动词+s的变化规则(1)一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks(2)以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes(3)以"辅音字母+y"结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studies(3)情态动词（作谓语动词时)(can,could,beableto,may,might,must,haveto,need,shall,should,will,would)时，句子结构为：肯定句：主语+情态动词+动词原形。否定句：主语+情态动词+not+动词原形一般疑问句;情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？特殊疑问句：疑问词+情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？Eg:HecanspeakEnglish.CanIhelpyou?WhatcanIdoforyou?在实际应用中，一般现在时常与以下时间状语联用：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month),onceaweek,onSundays例句：HeusuallyplaysfootballonSundays.一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数talk_forget_hope_stop_perform_play_saybuy_worry_fly_study_like_make_take_love_recite_become_come_drive_二、句型转换1.Thechildrenhaveagoodtimeinthepark.否定句：_一般疑问句：_对划线部分提问：_2. Thereisaboutninehundredpeopleattheconcert.否定句：_一般疑问句：_对划线部分提问：_3. Anndoesherhomeworkyesterdayevening.否定句：_一般疑问句：_对划线部分提问：_4. IreadanEnglishbook.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯定/否定回答：_对划线部分提问：_5.Mybrotherisintheparkjustnow.否定句：_一般疑问句：_对划线部分提问：_一般现在时第三人称单数句型转换练习1. Igotoschoolbefore7:00inthemorning.(he)_2. IalwaysgoshoppingwithmymumonSunday.(she)_3. IsometimesplaycomputergamesafterschoolonSunday.(he)_4. IalwaystakeexerciseafterclassonMonday.(mymother)_一般过去时详细讲解与练习题一、巧记一般过去时：动词一般过去时，表示过去发生的事；be用was或用were,have,has变had；谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志；一般动词加-ed，若是特殊得硬记。否定句很简单，主语之后didnt添；疑问句也不难，did放在主语前； 不含be动词时如果谓语之前有did，谓语动词需还原；动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。 含be动词时疑问句也不难，要把was，were放在主语前。2、 be的一般过去时：学习动词be的一般过去时，下面有一口诀，它可以帮你们更好地掌握动词be的一般过去时。be的过去时有四巧：一是时间状语巧，表示过去的短语要记牢；二是形式巧，单数was，复数were；三巧是否定句结构，not紧跟waswere；四是疑问句式巧，waswere向前跑(提前)。【一巧】时间状语（即标志词）巧。一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，恰巧与表示过去的一些时间状语连用。1. yesterday或以其构成的短语：yesterdaymorning(afternoon,evening)等；2.由“last+一时间名词”构成的短语：lastnight,lastyear(winter,month,week)等；3.由“时间段+ago”构成的短语：amomentago,ashorttimeago,anhourago等；4.其它：justnow等5.由某些表示过去时态的从句等。【二巧】形式巧。它与一般现在时一样，形式多样：当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单数时，谓语动词用was；主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时，谓语动词用were。例如：Iwasintheclassroomyesterdaymorning昨天早上我在教室里。HewasatschoollastTuesday上周二他在学校。Theywereoverthereamomentago刚才他们在那边。【三巧】否定句结构巧。与动词be的一般现在时一样，它在动词后面加not即可变成否定句，并且was,were与not可以缩写成wasnt,werent。即：主语wasntwerent表语其他。例如：Iwasnot(wasnt)hereyesterday昨天我不在这儿。Myparentswerenot(werent)athomelastSunday上周日我父母不在家。【四巧】疑问句式巧。把was,were提到句首，句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。即：Was(Were)主语表语其他？这恰巧与动词be的一般现在时的疑问句式相似。例如：Wereyouathomethedaybeforeyesterday前天你在家吗？Wasshelatethismorning今天早上她迟到了吗？更巧的是疑问句的答语也相似，肯定回答用“Yes,主语waswere”；否定回答用“No,主语wasntwerent”。例如：WereWeiHuaandHanMeiherejustnow刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗？Yes,theywere(No,theywerent)是的，她们在。（不，她们不在。）一、单项选择：从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。(10)( )1MyfatherillyesterdayAisntBarentCwasntDwerent( )2yourparentsathomelastweekAIsBWasCAreDWere()3ThetwinsinDalianlastyear TheyherenowAare;wereBwere;areCwas;areDwere;was()4yourfatheratworkthedayyesterday(前天）AWas;beforeBIs;beforeCWas;afterDIs;after()5WhowasondutylastFridayAIamBIwasCYes,IwasDNo,Iwasnt()6.Icleanedmyclassroom_.AwiththreehoursBthreehoursagoCinthreehoursDthreehoursbefore()7.Icame_myhousetwodaysago.AbackonBbacktoCtobackDback()8._?Hedidsomereadingathome.AWhatdoesyourfatherdoyesterdayeveningBWhatdoesyourbrotherdointheschoolCWhatdidyourbrotherdoovertheweekendDWheredidyourbrothergolastSunday()9.Whatdidyoudo_?Iwenttothemovies.AnextmorningBovertheweekendCintheweekendDnextMonday()10.Thekoalasleeps_，butgetsup_.Aduringtheday;attheeveningBatdayduringnightCinthedayduringtheeveningDduringtheday;atnight二、请用正确动词形式填空。(10)1.I_(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.2._she_(practice)herguitaryesterday?No,she_.3.What_Tom_(do)onSaturdayevening?He_(watch)TVand_(read)aninterestingbook.4. Theyall_(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.5. She_(notvisit)herauntlastweekend.She_(stay)athomeand_(do)somecleaning.6. When_you_(write)thissong?I_(write)itlastyear.7. Myfriend,Carol,_(study)forthemathtestand_(practice)Englishlastnight.8. _Mr.Li_(do)theprojectonMondaymorning?Yes,he_.9.How_(be)Jimsweekend?It_(benot)bad.10._(be)yourmotherasalesassistantlastyear?No.she_.三、翻译下列句子(20)1.我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。I_excitingweekend.2.Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。Jennylikes_.She_anEnglishbooklastnight.3.Emma每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。Emma_TVeveryday.Buthe_yesterday.4. 上周六他们做什么了？他们做作业和购物了。What_they_Saturday?They_homeworkand_.5.今天早上方方得做饭，因为他父亲不在家。ThismorningFangfang_becausehisfather_yesterday.6.你还有什么要说的？What_wouldyoulike_?7.放学别忘了向老师说声再见。Dontforget_theteacher.8.为什么你昨晚没有看电视？Why_you_TVlastnight?9.他在打扫教室的时候，发现地上有块表。Whenhe_theclassroom,he_awatchontheground.10. 他什么时候出生的？1980年。-When_he_?-_1980.四、改写句子：(20)1、Lucydidherhomeworkathome.（改否定句）Lucy_herhomeworkathome.2、Hefoundsomemeatinthefridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)_he_meatinthefridge?3、 Therewassomeorangeinthecup.（变一般疑问句)_there_orangeinthecup?4.Frankreadaninterestingbookabouthistory.（一般疑问句）_Frank_aninterestingbookabouthistory?5.Whynotgooutforawalk?（同义句）_outforawalk?6.ThomasspentRMB10onthisbook.（否定句）Thomas_RMB10onthisbook.7.Myfamilywenttothebeachlastweek.（划线提问）_family_lastweek?8. IthinksheisLilyssister.（否定句。注意否定转移）_9.Sallyoftendoessomereadinginthemorning.（否定句）Sally_often_somereadinginthemorning.10. Heisatall,thinboy.（划线提问）_he_?五、改错题(20)1HowisJaneyesterday?_2Hegotoschoolbybuslastweek._3Heoftengoeshomeat6:00lastmonth._4Icanflykitessevenyearsago._5Didyousawhimjustnow._6TomwasntwatchTVlastnight._7Ididntmyhomeworkyesterday._8Hewaitforyouthreehoursago._9Whofinditjustnow?_10.Whatmakehimcry(哭)justnow?_六、完形填空(10)Tomdidnotlikedoinghishomework，becausehelikedtodosome1 thingsafterschoolAndhisteacheralways2 alotofmistakesinhishomeworkThenoneday，hismathsteacher3 atTomshomeworkandsawthathegotallhisanswers rightHewasvery4 andsurprised（惊奇）Thenextmorningbeforeclass，hecalledTom5 hisdeskand6 tohim，“YougotallyourhomeworkrightthistimeDidyourfatherhelpyou？”SometimesTomsfatherhelpedhimwithhishomework，7 thistimehedidnthelpTombecausehe8 athomeSoTomanswered，“NO，SirHeWasbusylastnight，soI9 todoit10 ”（）1AothersBanotherCtheotherDother（）2AmadeBfoundClookedatDlooked（）3AlaughedBknockedClookedDsaw（）4ApleaseBpleasedCpleasureDsad（）5AtoBforCinDat（）6