TOEFL常见词根词缀.doc

,.词根词缀前缀：A=放在单词或者词根前，等于negative(否定)=not, withoutamnesty大赦，特赦，amoral 非道德的apathy冷漠，漠不关心asymmetry不对称放在单词前，表示“在，的” asleep, asideab，abs-=from, away from, off 加在词根前，表示“相反，变坏，离去”abnormal变态的，不正常的abortion流产，堕胎ab-, ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-加在同辅音字母的词根前，表示“一再”等加强意。accompany, accomplish, affirm, attractad=to, at, for ad-加在单词或词根前，表示“做，加强” adapt 使适合，使适应 addict使沉溺，使热衷ambi=on both sides, about, around: ambidextrous两手都很灵巧 ambient周围的 ambiguous含糊的，不明确的amphi=on both sides,around :amphibian水路两栖an-在词根前，表示“不，无”:anonymous 匿名的，anarchism 无君主义ante=before :antecedent在先的 antechamber来宾接待室 antedate提前的日子 anticipate预期anti=against, opposite toanti-communist反共的 Antarctic南极的apo- 表示“离开，远离” apogeeauto=selfautobiography自传 autocracy专制政治autogamy 自体生殖(gamy=marriage)autonomy自治区be-构成动词，表示“使成为”befall, befriend, behold构成介词，beside, behind, below, before, beneathbene=well, goodbenefaction恩惠 benefactor恩人beneficial有益的 benign良性的bi=double, twobicameral两院制的 bicolored两色的bigamy重婚的bilingual双语的by-“在旁边，副的”: byroad, byway, byworkco-表示“共同”，通常放在元音词根前。coeducation, cohabit, coexist, coincidecircum=around, round aboutcircumference圆周 circumstance环境 circulate流通com(con)=together, withcombine联合，结合 commingle混合compose组成，构成coeducationcoexist共存 cohabitation同居contra=againstcontradict否认，反驳 contrary相反contrast对比 counterbalance对抗力counterfeit伪造品counter-表示“反对，相反” counteract, counterbalancecol-, cor-在同辅音词根前，表示“共同”: collapse, colleague, collectde=down, downward表示分离的时候（away, from):Deform 使残废，使丑陋 Derive 获得，得来，起源表示否定的时候:Demerit 过失，短处 表示加强的时候:Demonstrate 证明，示范 devastate 使荒废，毁灭de的另外用法:decode 译码 deface伤毁 deficit 赤字deca-=ten: decade十年 decagon十角形 decimal十进制 decimeter分米di-表示“两个，双”: dichromatic, dioxide表示“使变成，分开，离开”: digestdemi-=half : demigoddi-=double,twice: dilemma 进退两难 diploma双学位dia- 表示“穿过，二者之间”: dialogue, diameterdia-=through, between, acrossdiagnosis=between+knowledge 诊断diagonal=through+angle对角线diameter=through+meter直径dif- 和辅音重复表示“不，否定，分开”differ, difference, diffidentdis-=除去，剥夺，反对，否定disadvantage不利，缺点，损失disannul 取消，废弃disband 解散disconsolate哀伤的，忧闷的dismember割断四肢，使四分五裂duo-=two, doubledozen一打，12个duplicate完全相同的，复制的dys-表示“坏，不良”dyspepsia, dyslexia, dysfunctione-,ef- 表示“出，出来”: evaluate, elongate, elaborateem-,en- 表示“进入之中，包围”: embrace, embed, empathy表示“使进入状态”:empower, embitter, embody epi-表示“在上，在周围，在后面epidermal, epidemic, epigrameu-=welleuphemism 委婉的说法euthanasia 安乐死ex-=out of, fullyelaborate=用心地做，苦心经营execute实现，执行exempt免除exert运用，实施exhale呼出，呼气exhilarate使兴高采烈，使快活exo-表示“外部的，外面”exogamy, exoticextra-=beyongextracurricular课外的extrajudicial法庭外的extravagant奢侈的，过度的fore-=beforeforearm前臂foremost最先的，首要的forth-=towardsforthcoming即将出现的，forthright一往直前地，直路kilo-=thousandkilocalorie大卡kilohertz千赫kilovolt千伏kilowatt千瓦hemi-=halfhemicycle 半圆hemisphere 半球hetero-= other, differentheterodyne 异齿形的？heterosexual 异性爱的人homo-=samehomosexual 同性恋的人hyper-=above,beyondhyperacidity 胃酸过多症hyperactive 极度活跃的，过分积极的hypermilitant 极端好战的hypersensitive 过度敏感的hypersonic 超音速的hypertension 高血压的hypertrophy 肥胖，异常发达hypo-=underhypocrisy 伪善，矫饰hypotension 低血压hypothermia 低体温hypothesis 假说，假设in-=in,into,oninborn 天生的，天赋的incubate=on+lie+ate= 孵蛋，孵化，筹划induce=towards+to lead=引诱，说服，招致infect=in+to make 传染inflate= in+to blow 使膨胀，使得意，使物价上涨intoxicate=into+poison+ate=使醉，使陶醉，使中毒im-=in,intoimmerge=into+to sink 浸，沉入immigrate= into+to wander 移民emigrate 迁居impediment= in+foot+ment 妨碍，阻碍impinge=in+to strike 撞击，侵犯implicate=in+to fold 牵连，暗示，使纠缠explicate 说明，解释i(n)-=negative=notinaccessible 不能亲近的，不能得到的inadequate 不适当的，不充分的 inaudible 听不见的indecisive 缺乏决心的，优柔寡断的insane 疯狂的invaluable 无价的，非常珍贵的illegitimate 违法的，私生的illiterate未受教育的人，不和逻辑的inter-=between,amongintercept=between+catch 中途拦截，截获interlude=between+to play间奏曲，中间interstellar=between+star星际的intra-,intro-=within,inward(与extra-相反）intraparty 党内的intravenous静脉内的，静脉注射的introspect 内省introvert使内向，使内省iso-=equalisochronal同一时间的，等时性isotherm等温线isotope同位素macro-=large, long macrocosm=large + universe 大宇宙，总体macroeconomics 总体经济学，宏观经济学macrometeorology大气象学macroscopic= large+ scop (to look)+ic (al) 肉眼可见的mal(e)-=badly,ill (与bene 相反)maladjustment调节不善，适应不应maladminstration经营不善，恶政malediction= badly + to speak 诅咒，诽谤malformation奇形怪状，畸形malignant= bad+ to produce恶性的 （benigant 良性的）malnourished营养失调的mege= large, million megadeath百万人的死亡megalopolitan大都市的megaphone扩音器的，传声筒megaton 一百万吨，megavolt 百万伏特， megawatt百万瓦特meta-=among, with, after( 一般表示变化，主要用在科学用语中)metabolism= after+ to throw+ ism 新城代谢metagenesis 世代交替metaphor隐喻metaphysical形而上学，非物质的metonymy 换喻micro-=small microbiology 微生物学microeconomics 具体经济学，微观经济学microscope显微镜microwave微波milli-=thousand, thousandthmilligram毫克millimeter毫米mis-=wrong, bad, illmisadvise 给予错与的劝告misapply 误用misapprehend误解，想错misarrange 排列错误misconduct 行为不检mono-=single, sole, alonemonochrome= single+ color 单色画，单色的monocracy= alone + rule独裁政治monogamy= alone+ marriage 一夫一妻制（polygamy 一夫多妻制）monolingual=single+ language 只用一种语言的monotheism= single + god 一神论monotonous= single+ tone+ ous-单调的，无变化的multi-=many, muchmultiform 各种形式的，多种的multilingual 使用多种语言的multiply 增加，繁殖，乘multipurpose 多目标的，用途广大的ne-= negative= notnescience 无知，不可知论naught= nought= nothingnay=no null= not anyneo-=newneoclassicism 新古典主义neofascism 新法西斯主义neoimpressionism 新印象主义non-= not nonaggression 不侵略，不侵犯noncombustible= not+ together+ to burn+ ible 不容易燃烧的nonconformity 不顺从，不一致noncooperation 不合作nonpartism 无党派的，客观的，无偏袒 nonverbal 不使用文字的，非语文的omni-表示“全部，到处”omnipresent, omnipotent, omniscienceob-= as, towards, at, before, upon, over, about, near, againstobfuscate= over + to darken 使暗，使困惑obituary= near + to go+ uary 形容词词尾 讣告，死亡的object= towards, against+ to throw 反对，拒绝；物体，目标，对象obstacle= over, against+ to stand+ cle 名词词尾 障碍物obtain= near, close to+ to hold 在身边occupy= at+ to seize 占有，占领 octa-, octo-=eight, eighthoctagon=eight+ angle 八角形octahedron= eight+ side 八面体octopus= eight+ foot 章鱼octuple= eight+ to fold八倍omni-= allomnibus 公共汽车omnicompetent=all+ competent 能干的 有全权的omniscient= all + knowing 无所不知的omnivorous= all+ to eat+ ous 杂食的out-= out, beyondoutdo 凌驾，胜过outgrow 生长速度超过的outlaw 被放逐的outrival 胜过over-= above, across, beyondoveract 动作过度overbridge 天桥，路桥overcome 击败，压倒overcrust 以外皮或外壳包裹的overhaul 彻底检查，分解检查pan-(to) = allpanacea= all+ cure, remedy 万灵药pan-American 全美洲的panorama 全景，全图pantheism 泛神论para-= beside, beyond, against, contraryparachute= against+ fall 降落伞parasol= against+ sun 阳伞palsy= para- (beside) + lsy (to loosen) 使麻痹pen-= almostpeninsula= almost + island 半岛penultimate= almost+ last 倒数第二的penumbra = almost + shadow 半影部penta-= fivepentagon= five + angle 五角形pentarchy= five+ rule 五头政治，五国联盟per-= through, thoroughly, awayperform= thoroughly+ form( to furnish) 实行，供给perfunctory= away+ to perform+ ory 敷衍的，表面的，草率的permanent= through+ to remain+ ent 永久的，不变的，耐久的，常设的perpendicular = through+ to weigh+ lar 垂直的，直立的persecute= continually+ to follow 迫害，困惑，烦恼persevere= through+ properly to make to stand 固执，持久peri-= around, round about pericardium= around+ card(heart)+ -ium 心包，心囊perimeter= around+ to measure 周围，周长，周边periphrase = round+ to speak 拐弯抹角地说poly-= manypolycentric= many+ center 多中心的，多元的polygamy= many+ marriage 一夫多妻polygon=many+ angle 多角的polytheism= many+ god+ ism多神论post-=after, behind postdate= 把日期填迟posterity 子孙，后裔postscript= after+ to write (p.s.) 附笔，后记pre-= beforeprecaution 预防preface= before+ to speak 作序，写前言，开始preliminary= before+ threshold 门槛 初步，开端prescribe= before+ to write 规定，开药方pro-= for, before, forth, forwardproceed= before+ to go 继续进行，开始procure= for, in behalf of+ cure( to take care of) 取得， 获得，说服prominent= forth+ to jut 突出+ent 突出的，显著的pseudo-= falsepseudocarp= false+ fruit 假果pseudoclassicism= 伪古典主意pseudonym= false+ name 假名，笔名pseudoscience= 假科学quadr(i)-= fourquadrilingual=four+ language 四国语言的quadruple= four time+ to fold 四倍的quasi-= partlyquasi-contract 准契约quasi-judicial 准司法性的quasi-official 半官方的re-= again, backreconcile= again+ concile 使和谐 和解，复交，调停reiterate= again+ to repeat 反复地说或做，重述remorse= again+ to bite 悔恨，懊悔retract= back+ to draw 缩回，放回，撤回retrieve= again+ to find 取回，恢复，更正revive= again+ to live 苏醒，复活revoke= back+ to call 取消，废止， 宣告无效retro-= backwardretroact=backward+ to act 反动，反作用retroflex= backward+ to bend 反曲的，翻转的retrograde= backward+ to go 后退，倒退，退化，退步retrospect= backward+ to look 回顾se-=away, apartsecede= apart+ to go 脱离，退出seclude= apart+ to shut 隔离，使隐居secrete= apart+ to separate 分泌semi-=halfsemiannual 半年的semicolon 分号semiconscious 半意识的semifinal 半决赛semitropical 亚热带的sept-= sevenseptember 九月（是罗马日历的七月）septilateral= seven+ later( side) 七边的step-= orphanedsepbrother异父异母的兄弟stepmother, stepfathersub-= undersubconscious= under+ aware 潜意识的subdivide= under+ to divide 再分，细分submarine= under+ marine( sea) 海下面的，潜水艇，水手submerge= under+ to dip 淹没，埋伏subscribe= under+ to write 签名，签署，捐助substitute= under+ to place 代替，取代，替换super-= above, oversuperabundant= above+ abundant 充足的 = 过多的，过剩的，多余的superficial= above+ fici( face )= 表面的，表皮的，肤浅的superior 较好的，优秀的，占优势的supernatural 超自然的，不可思议的surpass= to pass over 凌驾， 超越， 胜过syn-= with, togethersynchronism= together+chron(time)+ -ism= 同时发生的，并发syndrome= together+ drome (to run) = 综合症状，习性synonym=together+ name= 同义词synthesis= together+ putting= 综合，合成symbiosis= together+ life+ sis 共同，共存sympathy= together+ feeling 同感，共鸣，同情，怜悯symphony= together+ sound= 交响乐tele-= far offtelecommunication=far off+ together+ to make= 远距离通讯telegram= far off+ writing= 电报telepathy=far off+ feeling= 心心相传trans-=beyond, across, overtransaction= across+ to drive+ ion 办理，处理，交易transfer= across+ to carry 调职， 移动，让渡transform 变形，变质transparent= through+ to appeal 透明的，明白的traitor= across+ to give+ or = 卖国贼tranquil= beyond+ quil(rest) 平静的，安静的tri-= three, threefoldtriangle= three+ angle 三角形tricar三轮汽车trichord= three+ string 三弦乐器trigonometry= three+ angle+ measure 三角学triunity=three+ unity(一体)= 三位一体twi-= twotwice 二度， 二回， 二倍twist卷缠， 合股线，编织ultra-= beyondultra 极端的，过度的ultramodern 极现代化的ultrared 红外线的ultrasonic= beyond+ sound 超音波的un-= nounambiguous= not+ ambiguous 含糊的= 明白的unattainable= not+ attainable 可到达的=难达到的un-= the reversal of an actionunarm= 卸除武器，放下武器unburden= 解除负担， 使轻松unbutton 解开纽扣unearth 挖掘， 掘出，揭发unveil 取下面纱，揭露under-= beneathunderage未成年的underdeveloped 发展不全的， 低度开发的underestimate 评价过低的undermine在下面挖掘，破坏基础，在暗中损坏uni-=oneunique唯一的unite 单元，联合universal 宇宙的，全体的unanimous= one+ mind+-ous 意见一致的，全体一致的up-=up, aloftuphold举起，支持，鼓励upright正直的，诚实的uprise 升起，站起upsurge 上升，向上涌vice-=in place of 副的vice-chancellor 大学副校长vice- minister 副部长vice-president 副总统with-=against, backwithdraw= to draw back 取回，撤回withhold= to hold back 抑制，拒绝withstand= to stand against 抵抗，对抗后缀：1, -ability 表名词,“能，性质”possibility2, -able 表形容词,“可的”believable3, -aceous, -acious 表形容词,“有特征的”delicious4, -acity 表名词, “有倾向”capacity5, -acy 表名词, “性质, 状态”privacy6, -age 表名词, “状态, 总称”, “场所”, “费用”percentage, village, cottage, postage7, -ain 表名词 “人”captain8, -aire 表名词 “人”millionaire9, -al 表形容词 “的”personal, continental, rural10, -ality 表名词 “状态,性质”personality, nationality11, -ally 表副词 “地”dramatically12, -an 表名词和形容词 “人”American, Roman13, -ance, ence 表名词, “性质,状况”difference14, -ancy 表名词 “性质, 状况”vacancy, redundancy15, -ant, -ent 表形容词 “的”distant, different16, -ar 表形容词 “的”familiar表名词, “人”liar, beggar17, -ard 表名词, “不好的人”bastard, coward, laggard18, -arian 表名词, “的人”vegetarian, 19, -ary 表形容词, “的” imaginary, elementary20, -ate 表动词, “做, 造成”graduate, frustrate21, -atic 表形容词, “有性质”diplomatic22, -ation 表名词 “行为, 过程, 结果”election, production23, -ative 表形容词 “有倾向”active24, -ator 表名词, “做事的人或物”dictator, generator25, -atory 表形容词, “有性质”explanatory26, -cy 表名词 “性质, 状态”privacy27, -dom 表名词 “状态”freedom28, -ee 表名词 “被动的或主动的人”employee, examinee29, -eer 表名词 “人员”engineer30, -el 表名词 “人或物”novel, channel31, -en 表动词 “变成”shorten, darken32, -ency 表名词 “状态,性质”efficiency33, -ent 表形容词, “的”excellent表名词 “人”student, resident34, -eous 表形容词, “有的”courteous, 35, -er 表名词 “人”mutter, chatter, waver36, -ern 表形容词, “方向的”eastern, western, southern37, -ery 表名词 “场所”, “行为”nursery, rosery, robbery, bravery38, -esque 表形容词 “如的”picturesque39, -ess 表名词 “女性”poetess, goddess, actress40, -et, -let 表名词, “小东西”circlet, booklet41, -etic 表形容词, “属于的”theoretic, energetic42, -ette 表名词, “小的东西或状态”kitchenette43, -ety 表名词 “状态”anxiety44, -eur 表名词 “人”amateur, entrepreneur45, -faction 表名词 “达到的状态”satisfaction46, -fold 表形容词或副词 “双重”threefold47, -form 表形容词, “有状态的”uniform48, -ful 表形容词, “有的”beautiful, wonderful表名词 “满, 量”handful, spoonful49, -hood 表名词, “时期, 性质”childhood, boyhood50, -ial 表形容词 “有的”judicial, beneficial51, -ian 表名词 “某种人”historian, librarian52, -ibility 表名词 “具备性质的”sensibility, possibility53, -ible 表形容词 “能的”possible, credible54, -ic 表形容词, “的”scientific, fantastic55, -ics 表名词, “学科, 学术”physics, mathematics56, -id 表形容词, “如的”valid, humid57, -ific 表形容词, “产生的”scientific, terrific58, -ify 表动词, “化”purify, clarify59, -ile 表示形容词 “的”juvenile, fertile表示名词 “物体”missile60, -ine 表形容词, “的”, 表名词 “状态, 药物”elephantine, discipline, routine61, -ing 表名词, “状态”feeling, learning表形容词 “正的”62, -ion, -tion, -sion 表名词 “动作或状态”production, union, decision63, -ior, “较的”superior, junior64, -ious “的”curious, spacious65, -ise , -ize 表动词 “化”memorize, advertise66, -ish 表形容词 “像一样”foolish, selfish表动词 “造成” 67, -ism 表名词 “主义, 宗教”socialism, capitalism表示 ”学术或学术流派”modernism68, -ist 表名词 “表示信仰者, 专家或从事人”communist69, -istic 表形容词, 由 ist+ic 构成, 表示 “的”artistic70, -ite 表形容词, “有的”polite, 71, ition 表名词, “行为过程, 状态”definition, 72, -itude 表名词, “性质, 状态”attitude, 73, -ity 表名词, 指具备某种性质probability74, -ive 表形容词, 根据不同的单词结尾可分-sive, ative, ive, itivepassive, active, 表名词, “人或物”detective, locomotive75, -ization 表名词, 来自-ize+ation“化或发展过程”modernization, organization76, -less 表形容词, “无的”helpless, careless77, -like 表形容词, “像一样”dreamlike, childlike78, -ling 表名词, “小东西或某种人”duckling, gosling, darling headmost, outmost79, -ly 表形容词, 通常加在名词后timely, lively, friendly表副词, 通常放在形容词后greatly, briefly, mainly80, -ment 表名词, “行为或结果”movement, agreement81, -most 表形容词, “最的”82, -ness 表名词, “性质, 状态”kindness, business的”83, -ory 表形