小学英语语法--句子的种类(共5页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上句 子什么是一个句子？在英语中，句子1）表达一个完整的意思；2）至少有一个主谓结构；3）首字母大写，句尾用句号、问号、或感叹号。句子的分类：根据用途，句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。陈述句：陈述一个事实，分为肯定句和否定句（必须有否定词：not, no, never, hardly, little, few, neither, none, nobody, nothing等）。e.g. Beijing is the capital city of China. All kids like games. Tom isnt a girl. I have never been to New York before. Nobody likes homework.疑问句：提出一个问题。（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句）一般疑问句：由助动词、情态动词或动词be开头的问句，通常用 “Yes”或 “No”来回答。e.g. Do you like English? Yes, I do. /No, I dont.Can he ride a bicycle? Yes, he can. /No, he cant.Are they from Japan? Yes, they are. /No, they arent.Have you been to the museum? Yes, I have. /No, I havent.注意：Yes或No后面跟的简略回答中助动词必须和问句中的助动词保持一致。一般疑问句还包括否定疑问句。（注意答语的翻译）e.g. Dont you know Jack? Yes, I do. (不，我认识。) /No, I dont. (是的，我不认识。)Cant he ride a bike?Yes, he can. (不，他会。) /No, he cant. (是的，他不会。)Isnt he an engineer?Yes, he is. (不，他是。) /No, he isnt. (是的，他不是。)特殊疑问句：由疑问词（what, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how）引导的问句。what: 什么e.g. What is your phone number?What is your address?What is your age?What is your job?What is your nationality?What is the population of China?What do you like?What subjects do you like?which: 哪个；哪些e.g. Which season do you like best?Which country do you want to visit?Which boy is the tallest in your class?Which cities are in Shanxi?who: 谁 （who: 谁 宾格）e.g. Who is on duty today?Who likes that animal?Who do you want to go with?whose: 谁的e.g. Whose is this book?=Whose book is this?when: 什么时候e.g. When is your birthday?When do you often go to school?When do you have English classes?When did he come here?When are you going to buy it?where: 哪里；什么地方e.g. Where are you from?Where did you get it?How: 怎样；如何e.g. How are you? How do you usually go to school? How many students are there in Class 1? How much milk do we need? How much is this jacket?why: 为什么e.g. Why do you like sports? Why are you always late?选择疑问句：由or引导两个或多个选项以供选择。e.g. Do you like red or blue? Which season is the hottest, spring, summer or autumn?反意疑问句：由两部分组成：陈述部分，简短问句？（如果陈述部分是肯定，简短问句用否定；如果陈述部分是否定，简短问句用肯定。）e.g. This is a book, isnt it? You dont come from Beijing, do you? There is some milk in the glass, isnt there? There is nobody in the room, is there?注意：1）前否后肯，如何回答（注意答语的翻译）。e.g. Tom doesnt like noodles, does he? Yes, he does. (不，他喜欢。) /No, he doesnt. (是的，他不喜欢。)2）祈使句的反意疑问句。e.g. Lets go shopping, shall we?Let him go, will you?Open the door, will you?Dont shut the door, will you?祈使句：表示建议、命令、请求等的句子。1）let开头e.g. Lets do it now. (Lets 包含听话者，译为“咱们”) Let us go. (Let us 不包含听话者，译为“让我们”) Let him have a try.2）动词原形开头e.g. Sit down. Shut up. Take it easy. Be quiet. Be careful. Dont be afraid. Dont worry. Dont put it there.感叹句：由what或how引导。What + 名词 + 主语+谓语！What + a/an +形容词+单数名词+ 主语+谓语！What +形容词+复数名词或不可数名词+ 主语+谓语！How +形容词或副词+ 主语+谓语！How +形容词 +a/an+单数名词+ 主语+谓语！e.g. What a pity (it is)! 真可惜！ What a clever guy he is! =How clever a guy he is! =How clever the guy is! What bad weather it is! How fast he is running! 专心-专注-专业