全新版大学英语综合教程第四册ppt课件.ppt

Unit 1The Icy DefenderThe Peninsular WarA Brief Introduction to Adolf Hitler IIAdolf Hitler (1889?1945): German political and military leader and one of the 20th centurys most powerful dictators. Hitler converted Germany into a fully militarized society and launched World War II in 1939. He made anti-Semitism a keystone of his propaganda and policies and built the Nazi Party into a mass movement. He hoped to conquer the entire world, and for a time dominated most of Europe and much of North Africa. He instituted sterilization and euthanasia measures to enforce his idea of racial purity among the German people and slaughtered millions of Jews, Sinti and Roma (Gypsies), Slavic peoples, and many others, all of whom he considered Joseph StalinIIJoseph Stalin (1879?1953): General secretary of the Communist Party of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (1922?1953) and chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1941?1953). Under his leadership the USSR was built into a modern economic and military power that repelled Hitlers armies in World War II and rivaled the United States during the Cold War period.IINapoleons Russian Campaign1) Find the following place names: Moscow, Borodino, and Neman River. 2) What happened in Borodino?Hitlers Russian Campaign1) When did the Hitlers Russian Campaign happen?2) How long was Leningrad being besieged?Part Division of the TextParts para. Main Ideas 1 2 3 123111220Introduction-Both Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.Napoleons military campaign against Russia. Hitlers military campaign against the Soviet Union.global reading4 21Conclusion-The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. The weather is not so good as the favorable terrain, the favorable terrain is not so good as the support of the people. Man proposes and God disposes. The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting. Pre- reading: quotations Pride comes before a fall. Necessity comes before invention/ innovation. Sweat comes before fruit. Failure comes before success. Will comes before way. Para.1 Intensive Study-para 1 Para.2 Intensive Study-para.2 Find one phrase in para. 2 meaning starting a war Launch an attack against What fate did Napoleon and Hitler share? Military failure/ waterlooIntensive Study-para 1-2 What is the reason for Napoleons defeat? Unprepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscowraw Russian winter Translate the following sentence: As the saying goes: Know yourself and know your enemy, victory is assured.Intensive Study-para 1-2 He was prepared for the fierce resistance of He was prepared for But he was not prepared for He _ that they would encounter fierce resistanceIntensive Study-para 1-2anticipatedQuestion: How is Hitlers army? Very powerfulIntensive Study-para 2 How do you know that? Find the words to prove it. Unequalled Unrivalled, incomparable mow downMow the lawnIntensive Study-para 2 Mow down: defeat, destroy His troops had _ any attempt/ effort to check the advance of them Marched into the territory with overwhelming force crashed/ destroyed What is the reason for Hitlers defeat? The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers. Both Napoleon and Hitler encountered their waterloo in Russia Intensive Study-para 1-2The rise in interest rate will be disastrous in the case of small firms.In the case of as far asis concerned In the case of a highly intelligent animal like the seal, elementary training is easy.Now you try:就海豹那样智商较高的动物而言就海豹那样智商较高的动物而言,初级培训初级培训是很简单的。是很简单的。 2. This cutting board is only used to cut raw meat.3. Industrial plants processed the raw material into finished products for export and for domestic consumption.Raw cold and wet; not cooked, refined, processed, organized or analyzed (L5)How would you like the steak?Raw? Blue-rare? Rare?(52)Medium-rare?(55 )Medium?(60 )Medium-well?(65 )Well Done?(71 )1.The events took place on a raw February morning. 1.Beginning in the early 1960s, humans launched probes to explore other planets.2. Launch a campaign / movement3. launch a ship/ an artificial satellite/ launch ones son into the world/ a new enterprise/ a new brand (Procter & Gamble)Launch: start; send on its course (L7)Now you translate:He launched into a long speech about the danger of gambling.他开始作关于赌博危险性的长篇演说。他开始作关于赌博危险性的长篇演说。 She wants to be more than a singer and is launching out into films.她不仅仅是想当一名歌手，而且正在积极涉足电影界。她不仅仅是想当一名歌手，而且正在积极涉足电影界。launch an attack发动进攻发动进攻launch a massive campaign 发动一场大规模的运动发动一场大规模的运动launch a company开一家公司开一家公司launch threats at sb.向某人发出威胁向某人发出威胁launch into（积极有力地）开始（积极有力地）开始 launch out（精力充沛或戏剧性地）开始（精力充沛或戏剧性地）开始 Para.3Intensive Study How did Napoleon feel about the campaign? Confident of a quick victory. Why did he think so? His soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped.Intensive Study-para 3 Predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks anticipated, expected Predict: pre dict (prewar, preschool, preview preface) dict: dictation dictator foretell forecastIntensive Study-para 3 Para.4 Intensive Study How did the campaign turned out? The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. (para. 4) Make a sentence with the above structureIntensive Study-para 4The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.Translate大军大军_，但它的，但它的_很快由于很快由于_而停顿下来。而停顿下来。紧追不舍紧追不舍长驱直入长驱直入粮草运输缓慢粮草运输缓慢Intensive Study-para 4 Para.5 Intensive StudyHe was now faced with a crucial decisionHe was confronted with an important decisionIntensive Study-para 5On graduation, every undergraduate will be faced with a crucial decision: whether to find a job or to pursue further studies.I was faced with a crucial decision: should I be a small fish in a big pond? Or a big fish in a small pond? Para.6 Intensive StudyWhat decision did Napoleon make?Napoleon took the gamble of pressing onIntensive Study-para 6took the risks of pursuing the enemy in spite of difficulties Para.7.8 Intensive StudyNapoleon had a clear path to MoscowNapoleon entered Moscow without any _Intensive Study-para 7barrier / resistanceA raging fire; a raging storm Para. 9Intensive StudyWhy did the French retreat turn into a nightmare?1. attack by the Russians:Life and death struggleIntensive Study-para 92. freezing temperature3. snowIntensive Study-para 9drag: heavy stepse.g. drag ones steps back homeCf. go on, press on Para. 10Intensive StudyIntensive Study-para10Swollen river: Para. 11 Intensive StudyPart Two ( Paras 311)Summary: Napoleon failed in his attempt to conquer Russia, partly due to/ because of _ _, together with the Russians _ accounted for Napoleons defeat.the raw, bitter, bleak winter of RussiaTerrible weather conditionsdetermination to defend the homeland/ tactics1. The year 1939 had witnessed the conquest of Poland by Germany.2. The pianist made a conquest of every audience for which she played.conquest: the action of taking control of by force (L16)They won a _ in battle.They succeeded in the _ of that city.They returned home in _victoryconquesttriumphvictoryconquesttriumphvictory 指指“在战争、竞赛、斗争中获胜在战争、竞赛、斗争中获胜”, 并有并有“击击败对方或敌人败对方或敌人”的含义的含义;conquest 指指“征服某国或某民族征服某国或某民族, 从而使之处于被支从而使之处于被支配地位的胜利或战胜配地位的胜利或战胜”;triumph 指指“辉煌或彻底的胜利或成功辉煌或彻底的胜利或成功”.1.After a fierce battle, the troops retreated southward.2. We adopted the following strategies: when the enemy advances, we retreat; when they retreat, we pursue.retreat move back or withdraw when faced with danger or difficulty (L20)Ant. advance The local government got bogged down in problems of how to handle the emission of hazardous chemicals by industrial facilities.be/get bogged down be unable to make progress (L22)Now you try:1. Amazingly, our soccer team won the victory in the crucial final game.2. Improved consumer confidence is crucial to economic recovery.Syn. vital ,essential, critical, decisivecrucial very important (followed by to) (L27)Now you try:1. Our school authorities are keen to press on with educational reform.2. Organizers of the strike are determined to press on.Cf. drag onpress on/ ahead continue doing sth. in a determined way (L30)Now you try:1. His political rivals are biding their time for an attack on his policies.2. Our neighbor seems to be doing nothing, but in fact hes just biding his time.bide ones time wait patiently for a chance (L39)Now you try:These compensation cases have already dragged on for one year.How much longer is the meeting going to drag on?The time dragged as we waiteddrag on move slowly and with effort; continue endlessly and tediously (L50). 1. It was a stroke of luck that the air attendant missed the plane. by a stroke of luck luckily 1. Berman saved Johnson at the cost of his own life.2. The local government developed its economy but at the cost of the environment.3. He worked hard at the cost of his health.at the cost of with the loss of (L55) Para.12Intensive Study How did Hitler start the war? Began an invasion without a declaration of war How did Hitler expect the war? Confident of a quick victory What was Hitlers tactics? Blitzkrieg, lightning war What were the three targets of Hitler? Leningrad, Moscow and UkraineIntensive Study-para 12 Para.13Intensive Study Did Hitlers “lightning war” tactics work? Yes, the Russians were caught off guard. be taken by surprise What was the Russian tactics in response? “Scorch the earth” How to scorch the earth Burned, destroyed, rendered uselessIntensive Study-para 13 scorch the earth Burned, destroyed, rendered uselessIntensive Study-para 13Intensive Study-para13The bodyguard was caught off guard when a crazy female fan pushed her way amid the crowd of reporters toward Beckham asking for a signature from him.caught off guard: taken completely by surprise小贝意外遭遇疯狂女球迷 保镖有些措手不及 Para.14 Intensive Study What is the situation in Leningrad? desperate 1. Food shortage 2. starvation of one million peopleIntensive Study-para 14StalingradIISt. Petersburg (Stalingrad) Para.15Intensive Study Para.16Intensive Study What was the situation in Moscow? 1. The German army was _ by _. 2. Then its movement was _Intensive Study-para 15slowed downgeneral mudbrought to a halt Para.17Intensive Study Para.18Intensive Study What was the situation in Stalingrad? The German victory was over in _ partly owing to _.Intensive Study-para 15Stalingradthe Russian winter Para.19Intensive Study Para. 20Intensive Study Para. 21Intensive StudyThe elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.Intensive Study-para 21What conclusion does the author draw from Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns? 1. On Hitlers orders, the invasion of Poland began on September 1,1939.invade sb.s rightsa body invaded by diseasea mind invaded by worry and anxietyThe town was invaded by a crowd of tourists.invasion an entering or being entered by an attacking military force (L63).Now you try:. 1. The invitation to his wedding caught me off guard.2. The manager didnt know what to say. It was clear that my question had caught him off guard.catch sb. off guard take sb. by surprise (L71)Now you try:The drug will render the tiger harmless for up to two hours.The news rendered her speechless.He was rendered unconscious by a blow on the back of the neck.render cause (sb.sth) to be in a specified condition (L73)Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by the earthquake.Now you try:地震导致成百上千的人无家可归。地震导致成百上千的人无家可归。 The Red Army brought its winter offensive to a successful conclusion.an offensive odor (a nasty smell )/ gesture/ weapon.an offensive remark (disgusting language) offensive: aggressive action, attack (L91/92).Now you try:. 1. Do you still reckon him among your friends ?2. Many people reckon him to be a great basketball player.3. reckon sth. in (count sth. in)4. reckon on sb.s help (rely on)reckon count; consider; think (L114)All these problems had to be reckoned with as they arose.be reckoned with: be taken into consideration1. The death toll rose from 270 in 1952 to 5,000 in1954.2. Each car must pay a toll to cross the bridge.toll (1) the number of people or animals killed or injured in particular circumstances (L116)2) money paid for the use of a bridge, road, etc.The Structure of the Text Topic Explanation -Reasons Evidence Examples Experiment StoriesComments1. 骄兵必败骄兵必败pride comes before a fall2. 战无不胜战无不胜nothing could stand in their way3. 奋勇抵抗奋勇抵抗fierce resistance4. 堪称无敌堪称无敌be unequaled5. 痛苦的教训痛苦的教训 a painful lesson6. 速决速胜速决速胜a quick, decisive victoryAfter reading-expressions 7. 面临着一个重要抉择面临着一个重要抉择be faced witha crucial decision 8. 孤注一掷孤注一掷take the gamble 9. 激战激战fierce battle10. 等待时机等待时机bide ones time12. 成为一场噩梦成为一场噩梦turn into a nightmare11. 向向提出停战提出停战offer a truce toAfter reading-expressions13. 拖着脚步行进拖着脚步行进drag on14. 溃不成军的幸存者溃不成军的幸存者 the tattered survivors15. 不宣而战不宣而战without a declaration of war16. 闪电式战略闪电式战略 lightning war17. “焦土焦土”政策政策“scorch the earth” policy 18. 处境变得危急处境变得危急the situation becomes desperate19. 食品匮乏食品匮乏food runs outAfter reading-expressions20. 越来越接近越来越接近draw closer and closer to21. 发动反攻发动反攻launch a counterattack22. 形势对形势对不利不利turn the tide against23. 对对的突袭的突袭a surprise attack onAfter reading-expressions Blank Filling Fill in each blank in the following paragraph with the appropriate words and phrases from the text. When Hitler decided to launch his of Russia, he thought that nothing could of his armies. ,it seemed, was inevitable. He had surprise on his side, Stalin by his attack without a of war. Hitler expected the to last only a few months. In the event, it was to for much longer. Like Napoleon before him, he had made a fatal mistake in failing to the severity of the Russian weather. Many German soldiers were to the cold as winter set in, _ the German advance _ invasion_stand in the way_Conquestcatching off his guardlaunching_declaration_campaign_drag on_reckon withdie from_ bringing_to a haltPart 2: Compare and ContrastSoil: the top layer of the earth in which plants grow; on British soilFrench soil: in Britain, in France sbs native soil= sbs own countryEarth: the world that we live in, substance that plants grow in, the hard surface of the world, as opposed to sea whatwhyhow on earth: used when you are asking a question about sth that you are very surprised or annoyed aboutPart 2: Compare and Contrast2. Campaign: a series of actions intended to achieve particular result, especially in politics or business; a series of battles, attacks intended to achieve particular result in a war. Battle: a fight between opposing armies, groups of ships etc, especially one that is part of a larger war; a situation in which opposing groups or people compete or argue with each other when trying to achieve success or controlPart 2: Compare and Contrast3. Decisive: an action, event etc that has a powerful effect on the final result of something; leading to a clear result and ending doubt; to be one of the most important causes of sth; definite and not able to be doubted. Crucial: something that is crucial is