现在完成时与现在完成进行时态讲解及练习进步(含标准答案).doc

时态现在完成时一基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done) 。表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。二句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定)三用法1.“已完成”用法:表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和just，now，already，yet，notyet等不确定的时间状语连用。Li Ming has just turned off the light.李明刚刚把灯关上。（说明现在灯关上了）Ive finished my homework now.现在我已经做完作业了。（说明可以交作业或做别的了）2）表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。I have lost my pen.我把笔丢了。（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔）She has become a teacher.她已经当了老师。（说明她现在仍是老师）2.“未完成”用法。表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示），常与for（+段时间）、since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用。for+时段（for a long time，for a month）since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来，如since 1991 、since yesterday）since+时段+ago （since 2 days ago）since+从句（过去时） It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） 其它常见：today，this week（month），lately，recently，these days，in the past few days，during the last two weeks，so far，up to now，till（until） now等。He has lived here for 30 years.他住在这儿三十年了。（现在还住在这儿）Theyve known each other since childhood.他们从小彼此相识。（现在还在往来）How long have you studied English？你学英语多久了？（现在仍在学）3. 经验性用法:表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。常与频度副词如often, always, every week, twice等连用。I have been to the Summer Palace twice.我曾经去过颐和园两次。He has always said so.他总是这么说.四现在完成时的时间状语1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响，用以下时间状语表示这种含义。a) 用副词already、yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。b) 用ever和never.多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。c) 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如so far, just，before, up to now, the past few years等。如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。 He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止，他已经到了北京。d) 用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如now, today, this morning(month, year, term)等。如：-Have you met him today?-No,I havent.今天你见过他吗？我没有。e) 表示动作发生的次数的时间状语如：He has been there three times the last few days.近几天他去过那里三次了。How many times have you been there this year?今年你去过那里多少次？2. 短暂性动词不能和表一段时间的时间状语连用。如：come, go, arrive, reach, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up等。但如果要保留表一段时间的时间状语，必须将动词改为延续性动词，常与for+时段、since+过去一个时间点（过去 从句）的时间状语连用。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换a) 瞬间动词的变化buy-have borrow -keep/have become -becatch a cold -have a cold put on -wearb) 用“be+形容词”代替短暂性动词 marry-be married fall(get) ill-be ill die-be dead fall(get) asleep-be asleep wake/wake up-be awake lose-be missing/gone/lost open-be open close-be close finish( end )be over go out-be out c) 用“be+副词”代替短暂性动词 start/begin-be on get up be up return/come back/go backbe back leave/move be away come/arrive/reach/get here(there)-be here/there come/arrive/reach/get to-be ind) 用“be+介词短语”代替短暂性动词 go to/come to-be in/at +地点 join the army-be in the army move to-be in/at +地点 如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。The film has been on for 5 minutes.电影已开始五分钟了。We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。五.几点注意事项1. have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；可与once ,never,several times等连用。have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。2. 不可延续性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：I havent left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. 练习一、填空1 Have you ever _(take) a train?2 It _(be ) more than three years since Jim _(leave) here.3 Have you _(make)friends with your new classmates yet?4 I _(have) my lunch and Im not hungry now.5 Jim has never seen a panda, _he?6 We _(be) good friends since we met at school.7 We cant find him anywhere. Perhaps he_(go) home.8 He _(read) the book before.9 Mr. Green _(teach) us a lot about social studies since September.10 I _never_ (meet) her sister before.11. He _(work) in our school for five year.12 He _(come) to our school last year/in 2008.13. They _(cook) the supper already.14. They _ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.二、句型转换。 1、He has never cooked, _ _?（改成反意疑问句） 2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) _ _ have they been here? 3、The old man _ last year. He _ _ _ for a year. (die) （动词填空） 4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory _ _ _ for twenty years. 5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour . 6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ . 7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换) _ two years _ the Green family moved to France. 8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子) _ 三、单项选择1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year. is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see 9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made 13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on. began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was 16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they 19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 现在完成进行时1 定义:现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。2 现在完成进行时的构成:现在完成进行时是由“have/has+been+动词的现在分词”构成3 现在完成进行时的基本句型肯定式 I/We have been working.疑问式 Have you been working？ 简略回答 Yes，I/we have. No，I/we havent.肯定式 He/She/It has been working.疑问式 Has he/she/it been working？ 简略回答 Yes，he/she/it has. No，he/she/it hasnt.4 现在完成时的用法1） 在强调动作还未结束，还要继续下去。如：Ive been reading this book for two hours，but I havent finished it. 这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。Ive read this book.我已读完这本书了。2）强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。She has always been working like that.她一贯是这样工作的。3）现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。Weve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我们经常见面。5 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别1）现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性,它是现在完成时的强调形式。试比较：Weve been living here for ten years.Weve lived here for ten years.我们在这儿已经住了十年了。2）在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。如：The students have been preparing for the exam.（还在进行）学生们一直在准备考试。The students have prepared for the exam.（已经结束）学生们为考试作了准备。3）有些表示状态，感情，感觉的动词如：have，exist，like，hate，hear，know，sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：Theyve known each other since 1970. 自从1970年起他们就相互认识了。练习:1. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ for it for months.) A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing 2. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it. A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked 3. So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen 4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ English for a year. A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying 5. Danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. A. works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked 6. I have got a headache. No wonder. You_ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked 7. The unemployment rate in this district_ from 6% to 5% in the past two years. A. has fallen B. had fallen C. is falling D. was falling 8. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school，but she hasnt decided yet.A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider 9. _ you _ him around the museum yet? Yes. We had a great time there. A. Have ; shown B. Do ; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show 10. Hi, Tracy，you look pale. I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 1-5 DCDDC 6-10 CABA C