2021-2022年收藏的精品资料专题 16 任务型阅读2年中考1年模拟备战中考英语精品系列原卷版.docx

备战2016中考系列：英语2年中考1年模拟专题16 任务型阅读解读考点 我国教育部颁发的英语新课程标准倡导任务型的教学模式，要求教师依据课程的总体目标并结合教学内容，灵活地和有创造性地使用教材，设计贴近学生实际的教学活动，吸引和组织他们积极参与，并在此过程中培养学生用英语解决实际问题的能力，让学生学会用英语“做事”。任务型教学中包含的一个很重要的组成部分就是任务型阅读。新课程背景下英语中考命题以全面地考查学生的综合语言运用能力为宗旨，特别是要考查学生在具体情境中运用英语知识与技能的能力。任务型阅读正是新课程改革精神在中考中的体现。直击考点任务型阅读任务型阅读是“阅读理解”的另一种形式，考查学生归纳概括能力和语篇结构理解能力。其内容涉及广泛，要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，完成一项任务或解决一个问题。所以“任务型阅读”是介于阅读理解和写作之间，其任务已不同于阅读理解中的选择题或书面表达，而是在理解文字的基础上，完成相应的图表或文字练习，从而有效地测试学生用英语“做事”的能力。“任务型阅读”题型分析 任务型阅读主要考查学生收集信息、整理信息的能力，是对语言应用能力的考查，是培养学生阅读兴趣的一种很好的题型。它考查的题型多样，可以是翻译句子，也可以是改写句子，可以是填写表格，也可以是回答问题。根据对任务设计的要求不同可将其分为三类：阅读回答问题根据短文内容回答问题是阅读理解的重要题型。针对初中知识水平，问题设计一般比较简单，多数考题针对文章中的细节，答案都能在原文中找到出处。最后一个问题通常为开放性题目，只要言之成理就能得分。 因为是问答题，所以一定要依据问句的形式和内容答题，解题时，要了解不同问题的回答方式。通常第一道题都是一般疑问句，所以要用yes或no来回答；选择疑问句回答时不用Yes/No，需选择其中正确的一部分来作答；反义疑问句也用Yes或No来回答，但意思要视实际情况而定：前肯后否，正常回答；前否后肯，根据事实从后往前翻译。如（1）They work hard,dont they?他们努力工作，不是吗？ Yes, they do.对,他们工作努力。/No, they don't.不，他们工作不努力 （2）They dont work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作，是吗？ Yes, they do. 不，他们工作努力。/No, they don't. 对， 他们工作不努力 特殊疑问句要根据特殊疑问词具体回答。 例如：What sport is favorite in American universities？Footbal. 如果考生答“Play footbal.”会被扣掉1分。因为what问句应是名词性质的答案。 又如：Is it easy or dificult for an overweight child to do exercise in P.E. lessons？ Difficult./Its difficult. 如果考生答“Yes，its difficult.”会被扣1分。因为选择疑问句不能用yes或no来回答。“任务型阅读”的复习策略“任务型阅读”虽是新设的题型，但在我们的教材中并不陌生。新教材许多单元的阅读材料都以任务型阅读为主，而且任务设计形式丰富多样。那么如何在复习备考中使学生适应并掌握这一题型呢？1整体感知“任务”，了解“任务阅读”俗话说“知己知彼，百战不殆”。为了理解和掌握“任务型阅读”，学生必须有感性认识作基础。因此，在复习之前，教师应该让学生明白“任务”的内涵，告诉学生什么是任务型阅读理解，它的具体要求和任务形式有哪些等等。教师可从教材入手，根据学生的学习兴趣和语言水平，选取课文中的任务型阅读作为例题分析，然后让学生找出教材中更多的任务类型进行归纳，只有让学生对任务型阅读有较全面的了解，熟练掌握解题技巧，做起题目方能得心应手，游刃有余。2 精选阅读题材，激发阅读兴趣好的阅读材料能够使学生体验学习英语的乐趣，树立学好英语的自信心。因此，在阅读教学中阅读材料的选择极其重要。（1） 选材要有趣味性“兴趣是人的认识需要的心理表现，它使人对某些事物，优先给予注意，并带有积极的情绪色彩。”一篇令人感兴趣的文章能使学生保持一种激情去读完整篇文章。所以，在选材时教师可以选择一些学生感兴趣或和他们学习生活相关的话题内容，通过文字材料加以训练。比如，让对足球十分感兴趣的学生阅读一篇关于足球知识的文章，他从这篇文章中所获得的语言知识远胜过他读10篇小故事。因此“兴趣”是最好的老师，当学生对阅读材料产生兴趣时，就能收到事半功倍的效果。当然，选择的材料必须内容丰富，各种类型的题材都应有所体现。（2）选材要有实效性。所谓时效性，也就是所选材料要与时俱进，紧跟形势。人人都有好奇心，特别是对于初中学生，更是如此，他们对周围的事物充满着好奇，关注热点问题，教师选择如建设节约型社会（节约水、电）、环境保护（污染、濒危动物）、奥运话题（学习英语、运动与健康、环保）等内容的阅读材料，能让学生感到活动的内容与他们的需求和身心发展一致时，使他们产生共鸣，教学内容就更容易内化，从而激发学生兴趣而达到完成任务的目的。因此，如果教师选择了一些贴近学生生活的阅读文章，就会在满足了学生好奇心的同时，也完成了对语言的输入，达到“润物细无声”的效果。（3）选材要有针对性。材料应适合全体学生参与，而不仅仅是让优秀学生参加；最好设计成若干种形式，使不同水平的学生都能参与并完成。3实施分层教学，增强阅读信心美国著名教育家布卢姆认为学生的学习潜能是很大的，他相信只要教育得法，绝大多数学生都是可以掌握学校里交给他的各种知识技能的。因此在教学过程中，教师可针对学生的个体差异，实施分层次教学，设计如下多层次的教学目标：树立C层学生的自信心，培养他们学习兴趣，帮助他们养成良好的学习习惯：侧重B层学生的基础知识及语言运用能力的培养：加大A层学生的阅读量用综合语言运用的能力的训练。在具体的课堂教学中，教师可针对不同层次的学生设计不同难度的任务，使各层次的学生均能有所收获。如下面是一则任务型阅读的分层设计：2年中考2014年题组1. 【2014年内蒙古通辽市中考】A loud noise suddenly hurts your ears while you enjoy a film in the cinema. A stranger makes you jump as he shouts at his friend on the other side of the city. Mobile phones are everywhere and sometimes they can be very annoying. Although they are necessities（必需品） of modern life, it is common to hear people complain about（抱怨） mobile phones.Most public places have mobile phone rules. So try to keep your phone ring as low as possible or put it on vibrate mode（振动模式）. It is good to leave your phone at home when you would be at school or when visiting a hospital.If you need to make or take a call while in a meeting, at a restaurant or a theatre, go to the washroom. If you are expecting a call, get a seat near the door. It is polite to tell others at the beginning that you are expecting an important call. When you get a call and you are with friends, keep the call short and speak quietly.A good way to make sure that people dont interrupt（打断）you and others is to tell your friends when its a good time to call.根据短文内容，补全表格。In most public placesKeep your phone ring as . as possible or put it on vibrate mode.At school or when visiting a hospital at home.In a meeting, at a restaurant or a theatreIf you need to make a call, . If you are waiting for a call, you should near the door.When you get a call and you are with friends and speak quietly.2. 【2014年内蒙古呼和浩特市中考】The police find most criminals (罪犯) because somebody tells them who the criminals are. They find other criminals by using science and their computers. When there is a bank robbery (抢劫), the police first look through their computers for the names of the bank robbers that they know about. Then they go and talk to any of these robbers who are not in prison (监狱). They ask them where they were when the robbery happened. If any of these people cannot give a good answer, the police will often use science to find out if one of them is the robber.来源:Z|xx|k.Com Many criminals leave something of themselves at the places of the crimes like a fingerprint or a hair. Or they take something away on their shoes or clothes, like dirt or animal hair. If they leave behind some of their blood or their hair or a piece of skin, it will have their DNA inside it.Everyones DNA is different and their fingerprints are also different. So, if a criminal cuts himself during a robbery or leaves his hair, or even a small piece of skin, scientists can find out what his DNA is. The police can then ask the person they think is the robber to give them his hair or some blood and see if it has the same DNA. Many criminals are in prison today because of this kind of evidences .根据上文内容判断正 ( T ) 误( F )Usually the police find criminals because they use their computer.The police do not usually ask criminals who are in prison about a crime because these criminals could not have done it.The most useful evidences that criminals leave at the places of their crimes are things with their DNA in them. Many criminals usually take something away only on their shoes after the crimes.The story is about a bank robbery. 3. 【2014年山东省临沂市中考】What will the car be like in the future? Maybe we can sit in a car that can drive itself.About 40 years ago, scientists from the United States started to develop self-driving cars (无人驾驶汽车). The most famous recent one was made by Google in 2009. There are cameras and radars (雷达) on the top of the car. They allow the computer in the car to draw a 3D map of the environment. Chinese scientists have also successfully developed a self-driving car. The car made a trip from Changsha to Wuhan.Is a self-driving car safe? A recent study shows that robots make safer drivers than humans. If only 10% of cars on the street are self-driving, they will save 1,000 lives (生命) every year. If 90% of vehicles (交通工具) are self-driving, 21,700 lives will be saved a year. However, a self-driving car is expensive and each costs about $100,000. So it is impossible to be very popular in the near future.根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。American scientists started to develop self-driving cars in 2009.Cameras and computers are on the top of the self-driving car by Google.In China, scientists have successfully developed a self-driving car.The more self-driving cars there are on the street, the fewer traffic deaths there will be.The self-driving cars will be very popular in the near future. 2015年题组1. 【2015年安徽省初中毕业学业考试英语试题】阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题（请注意每小题后面的词数要求） A mouse was surprised to discover that the farmer and his wife had a mousetrap（老鼠夹）in the house. It ran to warn everyone, “There is a mousetrap in the house!” A hen raised his head and said, “Mr. Mouse, this mousetrap is only for you. I wont be worried about it.” The mouse turned to a pig, “I am sorry, Mr. Mouse, but the mousetrap has nothing to do with me, either!” the pig said. Then the mouse turned to a cow, “It sounds like you have a problem, not me.” the cow said. The mouse returned to the house with head down and it was very sad because no one would help. That night the farmers wife heard a loud sound and she rushed to see what was caught. In the darkness she could not see that it was a snake. The snake bit（咬）the farmers wife. The wife caught a bad fever and the farmer the best way to treat a fever was chicken soup. So the farmer killed the hen for the soup. The wife got worse and her friends came to visit her. The farmer had to kill the pig to feed them. But the wife didnt get better and died. Her friends came and the farmer had to kill the cow to feed all of them. So remember when any one of us is in trouble, we may all be in trouble.88. Why was the mouse very sad?（不超过5个词） _89. What was caught by the mousetrap that night?（不超过5个词） _90. What can we learn from the story?（不超过15个词）来源:Zxxk.Com _2. 【贵州省安顺市2015年中考英语试题】任务型阅读。（每小题2分，共10分）There once was a woman. She had a faithful(忠实的)dog. The dog was so faithful that she could leave her baby with the dog when she went out. (A) And after she returned， she would always find her baby safe.One day， the woman left the baby with the dog and went shopping. When she returned， she found something had taken place in the house. There were bloodstains(血迹)all over the bedroom. The woman then thought of her baby. She cried and started looking for him. Then she saw the faithful dog. It was licking（舔）its mouth. It seemed that it had just finished a delicious meal. The woman was angry and thought that the dog had killed her baby. Without thinking too much， (B) _.But as she continued looking for her child， she saw something else. Close to the bed， there was her baby and he was sleeping. And under the bed， there was a dead jackal(豺狼). The woman now understood what had happened. The dog tired to protect her baby from the jackal， but just now she killed the dog. How regretful she was!21. 从文中找出与下句意义相近的句子。The dog seemed to have just finished a good meal.22. 将(A)处划线句子翻译成汉语。23. 根据文章内容，将(B)处补充完整。24. 把下面发生的事情排序：The woman found the bloodstains all over the room.The woman found her baby sleeping.The woman killed the dog.The woman started looking for her baby.25. What is the best title for the passage?3. 【湖南省娄底市2015年中考英语试题】任务型阅读 阅读下面短文内容，完成表格。（每空填1至3个单词）（共5小题，计10分）Some Advice on Safety Always play in a safe place. A park is a safe place because there is no cars or trucks. But do not talk to strangers. Never go with a stranger into a car. Before crossing the road, stop and look both ways. Look left, look right and look left again. Keep away from houses or buildings that are being built or knocked down. Something might fall on your head, or you might cut yourself on broken glass. Medicines or pills can be dangerous. Never swallow(吞下) any pills or medicines you find in the cupboard. Dont swim in the pool or river without adults. Wear a life jacket whenever you go out in a boat. Even if you are not in the open sea and the water is not deep, you should have your life jacket on. It's easy to fall out of a boat. Do not put your head out of a car, bus or train. Many children have been killed by doing this.56. _ AdviceWhen or whereHow to doPlay in a safe placePlay in a park. Never talk to 57. _ or go with them.When crossing a roadStop and look 58. _.Houses or buildings being built or knocked downStay away.Medicines or pillsNever swallow any medicines without a doctor's advice.In a 59. _Wear a life jacket.On a bus, car or trainNever put 60. _ out of them.考点归纳中考英语任务型阅读做题技巧任务型阅读是在遵循新课程标准的基础上，根据任务型教学的任务设计而形成的一种新题型，它主要考查学生根据所提供信息具体解决实际问题的能力，同时还注重考查学生的阅读理解、分析理解、逻辑推理及社会生活的综合运用能力。试题仍将体现语言能力、智力能力和社会阅历三方面的有机结合。这种试题能够有效测试考生运用语言“做事”的能力，符合目前英语教学改革的方向。完成这一题型应非常细致，应认真地到原材料中收集有用的信息，并且经过整理输出信息。根据已有各地试题可把大体分成三类题型：问答问题型、应用文型和综合型（把两种类型综合在一起）。回答问题型也就是给出一篇短文，题后设计几个问题（一般五个题）。这种题型既考查学生的阅读理解的能力，又考查学生的在文章中提取信息的能力。要求学生根据问题在文章中找出能回答问题的关键句子，或者需要自己组织语言回答问题；有的题目设计出一两个翻译题等。细读问题要求，完成任务。在明白题意和文意的基础上，仔细阅读后面的题目要求，根据实际情况去完成所要求的任务。总之，这类题型要求学生要有很好的阅读理解和归纳总结的能力。应用文型的任务阅读它往往与生活实际挂钩，涉及天气预报、电视节目、预定购各类物品，海报广告、确定路线方位、留言口信电话记录等生活实例和有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料等。内容比较简单，有时图文并茂，符合不同学生层次的心理爱好。体现了运用语言完成实际任务的目的。题目设计一般为表格形式较多，学生可先看题目要求，大致明白所要完成的任务，直接从材料中找到相关信息，从而完成所给的任务。综合类型的任务阅读一般是在问题设计上兼顾了前两种类型,既有根据短文设计的问答题和相应的翻译题、连词成句等，又有根据内容完成表格或图表信息，完成这一题型应非常细致，应认真地到原材料中收集有用的信息，并且经过整理输出信息。在明白题意和文意的基础上，仔细阅读后面的题目要求，根据实际情况去完成所要求的任务。另外，任务型阅读题型涉及到写，应特别注意大小写及书写规范问题，做到每个细节都能万无一失，保证做题的准确性和得分率。阅读能力培养(一)要注意养成良好的阅读心理阅读时要去掉杂念，心绪要安定，精神要专一，要形成一种惬意的顺向心理。造成大脑皮层的优势兴奋中心。切不可一遇到几个生词难句，就心烦意乱，失去自控能力。心理学家告诉我们，任何恐慌，过分紧张的情绪都会形成一种消极因素妨碍大脑的正常思维功能。因此，遇到困难一定要从容不迫，心无旁骛。这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰，理解深刻。(二)要提高视读的速度考阅读理解，从另一个方面来说，考的是考试速度。2002年上海英语中考微博阅读理解文章每篇均达到400词左右。慢读是不行的。因此做阅读理解时，要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。阅读时眼球总是不断地移动停顿移动着。理解是在“眼停”的瞬间进行的。我们要使眼停的时间相对增加，就要扩大视读的广度，把逐词逐句的点式阅读变成一次扫描一句的线式阅读，并且把看到的东西迅速报告给大脑，形成眼脑较快的直映能力。切不可在个别难懂的词句上磨蹭，只要全篇理解了，个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测，去推断。(三)阅读时要注意培养语感所谓语感是指人们对语言中词语搭配及句型结构的熟练程度。语感好的人，理解力就强，视读的速度就快。阅读时要留心词语的搭配，即惯用法。必要时可用笔划一划或记下来。读完每一篇文章，都应总结归纳一下，积累了多少单词，惯用法和句型，这样语感自然就会好起来。(四)读完一篇文章后，要回味一番对文章的段落结构，中心思想，人物事件，论点论据要做到心中有数。对不清楚的地方可以再看几次。要留心关键词句，注意弦外之音。对文章的评价分析，一定要坚持“词不离句，句不离篇”，要理解文章作者的原意，而不能按你自己的意愿去想当然。切记：一想当然，就会出错。如果文章太长，你可以先把文章后面的问题看一遍，带着问题去看文章。这样可以帮助你去掉杂念，提高阅读速度和解题的正确性。要善于找关键句，特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句话，往往就是关键句，可以帮助你掌握文章的全貌，理解文章的主题。此外，还应该细读文章，因为有时的试题是考细节。可以边读边用铅笔做点标记，把有关的人物，事件，时间，地点，原因(即五个w，who，what，when，where，why)划出来。凡逢人物就圈起来，看完一数，有几个圈就是几个人，一目了然。解题技能任务型阅读的做题方法与技巧：一般疑问句：回答Yes或No即可，注意句末一定要用句号。选择疑问句：回答的时候要选or前后结构一致的部分，选一项回答即可。特殊疑问句：When的回答用“介词+时间”Where的回答用“介词+地点”Why的回答用“Because+句子；Becauseof+词、短语”How的回答用“By+doing”What的回答用“句子、短语、词”任务型阅读最后一道试题：情况一：Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?回答通常用：Whatis;Howto;n.(importance/development/value/history/advantage等)+of.情况二：关键词包括tell;purpose;learnfrom等回答通常用：答案中通常包含opinionsabout;Togivesuggestionsaboutsth.;Howtodo,sb.shoulddosth.sb.shouldntdosth注意：答案通常需要总结升华；但有时与情况一mainidea的回答一样。情况三：“thinkof”看法类回答通常用：答案中一般包含：有意义的事情基本上都是优点；其余的都有优缺点；此外以及整体肯定，局部否定的情况，此外，在提到事情优缺点的同时，也要一定要注意作者思想的倾向。注意：在最后的一道试题中，近几年中考的考题型是越来越考查学生的总结问题的能力。1年模拟1.（北京石景山模拟）阅读短文，根据其内容回答问题。Hating someone hurts ones own health since it causes anger within， and this anger can harm ones health if it builds too high. Health is wealth， and forgiveness (原谅) is the way to go. Forgiving someone will help to make you feel better and solve the problems about relationships. The following steps may help you：Recognize the way. Many a time， we dont know why we hate someone and continue to walk on a road that troubles ones mental and physical health and happiness. We should be able to recognize the way first that you treat him / her when we come across a certain human being. Once we are able to recognize the way， we can then move on to the next step. Find the cause. We should try to search within ourselves about what and how that person has hurt us， and why we hate them. Fin