人教版初三英语知识点初三英语垂悬结构知识点总结.doc

人教版初三英语知识点初三英语垂悬结构知识点总结所谓垂悬结构(The Dangling Construction)就是一个句子成分，如分词短语，不定式动词短语等，找不到被修饰的主语或被修饰的对象不合逻辑。垂悬结构是种错误的句法，应该避免。下面是三种常见的垂悬结构及其改正方法：垂悬分词或分词短语，如： Climbing up the hill, several boars were seen.这句子里的现在分词短语(present participial phrase)修饰主语“several boars”是错的;改正方法有二：(a)确定是逻辑主语，使句子变成“Climbing up the hill, the explorers saw several boars.”(b)把现在分词短语扩大为副词分句(也称状语从句)：“When the explorers climbed up the hill, they saw several boars/ several boars were seen.”垂悬副词短语，如： After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.这句的副词短语(adverb phrase)和主语“the fish”有什么逻辑关系呢?真正的逻辑主语应该是“the fisherman”或“the angler”才对。改正方法和例同：(a) After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fisherman found that the fish began to bite.(b) After the fisherman had put a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.垂悬不定式动词短语，如： To write well, a lot of practice is needed. To be a loyal employee, a sense of belonging is a must.这两个句子的不定式动词短语(infinitive phrases)并不能修饰“practice”和“a sense of belonging”，真正的主语必须是“ 人”，如：(a) To write well, one needs a lot of practice/a person has to practise a lot.(b) To be a loyal employee, he or she must have a sense of belonging.上述三类垂悬结构中，第一类发生的频率最高，必须注意。但是在下列三种情况下，分词短语是对的，它们并非垂悬结构：第一，独立结构(The Absolute Construction，见3月7日中英合谈)中的分词短语有自己的主语，所以不是垂悬结构。例如： Such being the case, we can go home now./it is not wrong to call it a day.第二，当分词含有介词或连词性质时，它不需要逻辑主语，所以没有垂悬问题存在。例如： Owing to a lack of funds, the project has to be discontinued. Provided that there is sufficient time, everyone can do the job better.第三，当分词短语是用来表示说话者的态度或意见时，也不需要逻辑主语，因此也不存在着垂悬问题。例如： Judging from his facial look, the news must have been terrible. Taken as a whole, there is nothing wrong with the logic behind that idea.第 3 页 共 3 页