初中英语语法被动语态ppt课件.pptx

1.1.规则动词的过去分词：规则动词的过去分词：1)1)一般情况在动词原形后一般情况在动词原形后加加-ed-edwatch-watched2)2)以不发音以不发音e e结尾的加结尾的加-d-dpractice-practiced3)3)以辅音加以辅音加y y结尾的，去结尾的，去y y变变i i加加-ed-edstudy-studied4)4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母， 先双写该辅音字母，再加先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed-edstop-stopped2.2.不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词：amisarebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone 部分常见的不规则动词：部分常见的不规则动词： go-went-gone do-did-donehave/has-had-had take-took-taken eat-ate-eaten see-saw-seenspeak-spoke-spoken write-wrote-written sing-sang-sung build-built-builtgrow-grew-grown make-made-made am/is/are-was/were-been send-sent-sent 英语的谓语动词有两种语态英语的谓语动词有两种语态We speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken by us.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语宾变主宾变主,主变宾主变宾,前加前加by动变被动变被,看清看清be, 结构分别结构分别be+ pp主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态被动语态的基本构成：被动语态的基本构成： be+be+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词（be+done)be+done)He plants trees in spring. 主谓宾(受动者)Treesare planted byhim改为被动语态in spring.主变被解题步骤主变被解题步骤:1. 找宾语找宾语 -即动作的承受者即动作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判断宾语的单复数判断宾语的单复数 -即即be动词的单复数动词的单复数.arewere3. 判断动词的时态判断动词的时态 -即即be动词的时态动词的时态.4. 修改谓语的时态修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词即原句动词改为过去分词 made5. 修改原句的主语修改原句的主语 -即即by+ 主语主语/ 宾语宾语. by them. Tom broke the window. The window was broken by Tom. Tom broke the windows. The windows were broken by Tom. He broke the windows. The windows were broken by him. 主动语态变被动语态口诀主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，宾语提前主语变，原主变宾原主变宾by后见，后见，时态人称时态人称be关键关键。Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)The room will be cleanedby Tom tomorrow.His brother washes bowls every day.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)Bowls are washed byhis brother every day.1.They make shoes in that factory.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般现在时：一般现在时：S(主语）主语）+am/is /are +过去分词过去分词一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are +p.p. We clean the classroom every day.The classroom is cleaned by us every day.2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词过去分词 He put on a coat. A coat was put on by him.一般过去时一般过去时was/were+p.p.He made the kite.The kite was made by him.3.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+ will be+过去分词过去分词一般将来时一般将来时 shall/will /be going to+ be done They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow He is going to write a letter to his mother. A letter is going to be written to his mother by him.4.Amy can take good care of Gina Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.含有情态动词的：含有情态动词的：S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词过去分词含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态 can/may/must/should +be +p.p. I can find him.He can be found by me.5.Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：现在进行时： S+ am/is/are + being +过去分过去分词词6I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night.过去进行时：过去进行时： S+ was/were+being+过去分词过去分词7We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时：现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+过去分词过去分词现在完成时现在完成时has /have +been done Jim has finished the work. The work has been finished by Jim. 各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：情态动词：情态动词：一般将来时：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在进行时：过去进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：现在完成时：am/is /are +P.Pwas/were +P.P.can/may/must/should + be+ P.P.will+be+ P.P.am/is/are + being + P.P.was/were+being+ P.P.have/has + been+ P.P. 练习一练习一1. My mother made the soup.2. Uncle Wang will repair my computer.3. You must clean your room once a week.4. The boy broke the window.5、The workers are building a new bridge. The soup was made by my mother. My computer will be repaired by Uncle Wang.Your room must be cleaned once a week(by you).The window was broken by the boy.A new bridge is being built(by the workers).被动语态的用法被动语态的用法1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。不知道动作的执行者是谁。这块手表是中国制造的。This watch is made in China.2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者没有必要指出动作的执行者每年都应该种更多的树。Many trees should be planted every year.何时使用被动语态呢？何时使用被动语态呢？ 3. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。需要强调或突出动作的承受者。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.4. 句子的主语是动作的承受者句子的主语是动作的承受者。许多房屋被冲走了。许多房屋被冲走了。Many houses were washed away by the flood.5、汉语中含有、汉语中含有“被被”、“由由”等词时。等词时。例如：例如： Tina is asked to come by PaulTina是被是被Paul叫来的。叫来的。6、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如： He was born in October，1989 7、汉语中含有、汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“有人有人说说”、“大家说大家说”等时。例如：等时。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说据推测说 It is supposed that 补充部分补充部分1. 主动结构表被动意义open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。 This kind of shirt sells well.2. look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动表被动意义。例： It smells wonderful. Mooncakes taste delicious.3. 在be worth doing中,doing表被动意义。例：This book is worth reading. 4. want/need/require+doing =want/need/require+to be done 例：My bike needs repairing. =My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行车需要修理。带复合宾语的被动语态结构带复合宾语的被动语态结构（）（）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.watch let havehear see noticeto.be(2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.I saw him playing football at that moment.He was seen playing football at that moment.hear / watch /.We often hear them sing this song.They are often heard to sing this song (by us).This song is often heard (by us) to be sung (by them).Bob sent Kate a letter last year.=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.tell ask bring write give teach pass lendto sb.He told Jim a story.Mum made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.make buy drawfor sb.I bought my brother a book. 练习二练习二1. My parents bought me a bike.2. Have they paid you the money? 3. He is telling us a funny story. 4. Jack gave Jim a present. I was bought a bike by my parents.A bike was bought for me by my parents.A. Have you been paid the money?B. Has the money been paid to you?A. We are being told a funny story.B. A funny story is being told to us.Jim was given a present by Jack.A present was given to Jim by Jack.1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）七嘴八舌3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told3. We found the ticket on the floor .5. Last year we built a library in ourschool.A library _ _ in our school last year.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them. was built can be used7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _. we were given were given to us10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory. was asked is done12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day. can be mended must be taken课堂练习课堂练习（一）改写句子（一）改写句子1. We plant trees in spring every year. _ by us in spring every year.2. She posted the letter yesterday. _ by her yesterday.3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday present. _a birthday present by Mr Turner.5. You may hand in your homework tomorrow. _ by you tomorrow.6. She is going to write a letter. _ by her.Trees are plantedThe letter was postedI was givenYour homework may be handed inA letter is going to be written(二二)用所给动词的正确形式填空：用所给动词的正确形式填空： 1) The bike _(fix) up by Xiao Ming yesterday. 2) Sunglasses _ (use) for protecting peoples eyes. 3) A picture _(put) up on the blackboard. 4) French_ (speak) in France. 5) Teenagers should _(allow) to choose their own clothes.was fixedare usedis putis spokenbe allowed 1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept；will have to B are not kept；have C do not keep；will have to D do not keep；have to 2. The fifth generation computers, _and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed 3. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes，it all depends on the weather A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told ACA4. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 6. The new bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed7. When part of a pencil is in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken DCBC8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up 9. That suit _ over 60 dollars. A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost 10. - Look! Everything here is under construction. - Whats the pretty small house that _ for? A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building 11.- Do you like the cloth? - Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt BDAC12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese A write B to write C to be written D written 13. I have no more letters _ ，thank you A to type B typing C to be typed D typed 14. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily. A. wont wash out B. wont be washed out C. isnt washed out D. isnt washing out 15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _. A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go outBCAD16. The computers on the table _ Professor Smith. A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to 17. - What do you think of the book? -Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read 18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch 19. This page needed _ again. A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked 20. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do it. A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching DCCDB（四）将下列句子由主动句变为被动句或由被动句四）将下列句子由主动句变为被动句或由被动句变为主动句：变为主动句：1) Zheng Jie invented this special pen.变被动句变被动句2)The bike was fixed up by Jimmy. 变主动句变主动句3) People use sunglasses to protect their eyes.4) Teachers allow students to put up hands in class.This special pen was invented Zheng Jie. Jimmy fixed up the bikeSunglasses are used (by people) to protect eyes.Students are allowed (by teachers) to put up hands in class.Thank you for listening!